To resolve the Outlook login issue on your Windows 10 here are steps to solve the issue.
First check your Internet connection stable and working properly. Sometimes it happens due to bad network issues in login process. Then to clear cache mode and stored passwords in your Outlook. For this go to Control Panel > User Accounts > Credential Manager, and remove any stored credentials for Outlook.
Try to close Outlook completely and restart Outlook. Sometimes, restarting the application can solve temporary issue. Always up-to-date your Outlook is just a simply suggestion.
May be you have tried many attempts to login server. Wait for a few minutes and then try logging in again. May be you are entering wrong password or missing some letter.
If nothing work in above steps, then reset your Microsoft account password. This can take some time.
Hope by following these steps, you should be able to resolve the Outlook login issues on Windows 10.