Set work location via API (Graph?)
Hey community! The new work hours and location feature is rolling out for Outlook and Teams: https://blog.admindroid.com/work-hours-and-location-in-outlook-for-efficient-collaboration/ Does anyone know who to read and write this information (especially the location) via API / Microsoft Graph? This is a nice feature and we would like to set this programmatically. Thank you very much! Best regards, JensZoom in or out of forms, tables, and queries when in Form View or Datasheet View
Access now lets you zoom in and out when you’re working with forms, tables, and queries in Form View or Datasheet View. Zoom in for a closer look at your data or zoom out to see more on screen at once. You can adjust the zoom level using the Zoom button on the ribbon, the zoom slider on the status bar, or keyboard shortcuts. Zoom is also available in Print Preview for reports. Zoom isn’t supported in Report View or Design View. This feature is available in Access for Microsoft 365, version 2605 and later. Choose a magnification setting from the ribbon On the Home tab, select Zoom and choose one of the following options: 50%, 75%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, or 500%. To return the view to 100% zoom, click Zoom 100%. If you prefer to use the keyboard, you can press Ctrl + Alt + 0 (zero). Use the zoom slider to quickly zoom in or out On the status bar in the lower right-hand corner of Access, select the zoom slider. Slide to the percentage zoom setting that you want. Press – or + to zoom in gradual increments. Use zoom keyboard shortcuts or mousewheel To zoom in, press Ctrl + Alt + Plus (+). To zoom out, press Ctrl + Alt + Minus (-). To return to 100% magnification, press Ctrl + Alt + 0 (zero). To use the mousewheel and scroll to zoom in or out, press Ctrl + mousewheel. Change your default zoom percentage Access doesn't save zoom settings on closing and reopening a form. Instead, it opens your form using the default zoom setting. To set your zoom default percentage, choose File > Options > Current Database > Application Options and choose the Default Zoom setting. Note Content inside of ActiveX controls, such as the text in a TreeView control, doesn't resize when zoomed. Zooming in Access only affects Access-native controls. If a form uses ActiveX controls, consider replacing them with native Access controls so they scale with the rest of the form.
Please allow this foundational concept for algorithms
Hello dear friends of Excel. Please let me begin by thanking you all for giving us the excellent tool that Ms Excel is. I've being working practically my whole Computer Engineer career (~18 years) with this awesome tool, and I cannot imagine doing my work without it. It really is excellent, and has been enhancing a lot in the last years. In this occasion I would like to ask you to consider including in Excel, native support for "empty arrays", that is, arrays that have "0" (zero) items. This feature would help a lot in the following type of algorithms: When you have to scan a range of cells that hold the items of a set named "S", and from that set you have to select only the items that satisfy a given condition { ALL i | such that CONDITION(i) = TRUE }, and with those selected items (i) you have to construct a new vector named "V" In this case you usually need to begin with an "empty array", that is the initial value before adding any selected item, and at some point as you process the algorithm, maybe you will find the 1st. item to add to the "empty array" Maybe you won't find any item that satisfy the condition, and at the end of the algorithm, you will end up with an "empty array" as a result. To illustrate this type of algorithm, let me put an example: =LET( vector; SEQUENCE(10); new_vector; REDUCE( 0; vector; LAMBDA(building_vector;vector_i; IF(RESIDUO(vector_i;2)=1; VSTACK(building_vector; vector_i); building_vector ) ) ); INDEX(new_vector;SEQUENCE(ROWS(new_vector) - 1) + 1) ) This "algorithm", scans a set S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 } from S, it selects only the "odd numbers" { ALL i | such that "i is odd" }, it takes every odd number and adds it to the array named "building_vector", "building_vector" begins as a non-empty-array, holding "1 sentinel item" at the beginning of the algorithm (the number "0"), at the end of the algorithm, I have to do a work-around, to remove manually the 1st. sentinel item from the array The cons of this approach are: sometimes the resulting array will not have any selected item, that is, it will be an "empty array", and as such, Excel will generate an error showing #CALC! as Excel doesn't currently support empty arrays, I have to do this workaround to add an initial sentinel item at the beginning of the algorithm, and then I have to remember to remove it at the end of it Dear friends of Excel, I consider empty arrays to be a "foundational concept for algorithms". It's like the "zero" for numbers, but for arrays. It would be nice to be able to write this kind of algorithms with the aid of Excel, being able to natively support "empty arrays" without me having to do the extra work of handling a simulated situation of an empty array. I present you this request, and I ask you to please consider the importance of this feature. Thanks in advance!Building AI Agents with Microsoft Foundry: A Progressive Lab from Hello World to Self-Hosted
AI agent development has a steep on-ramp. The combination of new SDKs, tool-calling patterns, model selection decisions, retrieval-augmented generation, and deployment concerns means most developers spend more time wiring things together than actually building anything useful. The Microsoft Foundry Agent Lab is a structured, open-source demo series designed to change that — nine self-contained demos, each adding exactly one new concept, all built on the same Microsoft Foundry SDK and a single model deployment. This post walks through what the lab contains, how each demo works under the hood, and the architectural decisions that make it a useful reference for AI engineers building production agents. Why a Progressive Lab? Agent frameworks can be overwhelming. A developer who opens a rich example with RAG, tool-calling, streaming, and a custom UI all at once has no clear line of sight to which parts are essential and which are embellishments. The Foundry Agent Lab takes the opposite approach: start with the absolute minimum and introduce one new primitive per demo. By the time you reach Demo 8, you have seen every major capability — not in one monolithic sample, but in a layered sequence where each addition is visible and understandable. # Demo New Concept Tool Used UX 0 hello-demo Agent creation, Responses API, conversations None Terminal 1 tools-demo Function calling, tool-calling loop, live API FunctionTool Terminal 2 desktop-demo UI decoupling — same agent, different surface None Desktop (Tkinter) 3 websearch-demo Server-side built-in tools, no client loop WebSearchTool Terminal 4 code-demo Code execution in sandbox, Gradio web UI CodeInterpreterTool Web (Gradio) 5 rag-demo Document upload, vector stores, RAG grounding FileSearchTool Terminal 6 mcp-demo MCP servers, human-in-the-loop approval MCPTool Terminal 7 toolbox-demo Centralized tool governance, Toolbox versioning Toolbox Terminal 8 hosted-demo Self-hosted agent with Responses protocol Custom server Terminal + Agent Inspector The Model Router: One Deployment to Rule Them All Before diving into the demos, it is worth understanding the one architectural decision that ties the entire lab together: every agent uses model-router as its model deployment. MODEL_DEPLOYMENT=model-router Model Router is a Microsoft Foundry capability that inspects each request at inference time and routes it to the optimal available model — weighing task complexity, cost, and latency. A simple factual question goes to a fast, cheap model. A complex tool-calling chain with code generation gets routed to a frontier model. You write zero routing logic. The lab's MODEL-ROUTER.md file contains empirical observations from running all nine demos. A sample of what the router selected: Demo Query Task Type Model Selected hello "What's the capital of WA state?" Factual recall grok-4-1-fast-reasoning hello "Summarize our conversation" Summarization gpt-5.2-chat-2025-12-11 tools "What's the weather in Seattle?" Tool-using gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17 code Data analysis with code generation Code generation + execution gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 rag HR policy document question Retrieval + synthesis gpt-5.3-chat-2026-03-03 This is the strongest signal in the lab: you do not need to reason about model selection. You declare what your agent needs to do; the router handles the rest, and it chooses correctly. Demo 0: The Minimum Viable Agent The hello-demo establishes the baseline pattern used by every subsequent demo. Two files: one to register the agent, one to chat with it. Registering the agent from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential from azure.ai.projects import AIProjectClient from azure.ai.projects.models import PromptAgentDefinition credential = DefaultAzureCredential() project = AIProjectClient(endpoint=PROJECT_ENDPOINT, credential=credential) agent = project.agents.create_version( agent_name=AGENT_NAME, definition=PromptAgentDefinition( model=MODEL_DEPLOYMENT, instructions="You are a helpful, friendly assistant.", ), ) Authentication uses DefaultAzureCredential , which works with az login locally and with managed identity in production — no API keys anywhere in the code. Chatting with the agent # Create a server-side conversation (persists history across turns) conversation = openai.conversations.create() # Each turn sends the user message; the agent sees full history response = openai.responses.create( input=user_input, conversation=conversation.id, extra_body={"agent_reference": {"name": AGENT_NAME, "type": "agent_reference"}}, ) print(response.output_text) The conversation object is server-side. You pass its ID on every turn; the history lives in Foundry, not in a local list. This is the Responses API pattern — distinct from the older Completions or Chat Completions APIs. Demo 1: Function Tools and the Tool-Calling Loop Demo 1 adds function calling against a real weather API. The key insight here is that the model does not execute the function — it requests the execution, and your code executes it locally, then feeds the result back. Declaring a function tool from azure.ai.projects.models import FunctionTool, PromptAgentDefinition func_tool = FunctionTool( name="get_weather", description="Get the current weather for a given city.", parameters={ "type": "object", "properties": {"city": {"type": "string", "description": "City name"}}, "required": ["city"], }, strict=True, ) agent = project.agents.create_version( agent_name=AGENT_NAME, definition=PromptAgentDefinition( model=MODEL_DEPLOYMENT, tools=[func_tool], instructions="You are a weather assistant...", ), ) The tool-calling loop response = openai.responses.create(input=user_input, conversation=conversation.id, ...) # Loop while the model is requesting tool calls while any(item.type == "function_call" for item in response.output): input_list = [] for item in response.output: if item.type == "function_call": args = json.loads(item.arguments) result = get_weather(args["city"]) # execute locally input_list.append(FunctionCallOutput(call_id=item.call_id, output=result)) # Send results back to the agent response = openai.responses.create(input=input_list, conversation=conversation.id, ...) print(response.output_text) The strict=True parameter on FunctionTool enforces structured outputs — the model must return arguments that match the declared JSON schema exactly. This eliminates argument parsing errors in production. Demo 2: UI Is Not Your Agent Demo 2 runs the exact same agent as Demo 1 but surfaces it in a Tkinter desktop window. The point is pedagogical: your agent definition, conversation management, and tool-calling logic are entirely independent of your UI layer. Swapping from terminal to desktop requires changing only the presentation code — nothing in the agent or conversation path changes. This is a principle worth internalising early: agent logic and UI logic should never be entangled. The lab enforces this separation structurally. Demo 3: Server-Side Built-In Tools The web search demo introduces a sharp contrast with Demo 1. With WebSearchTool , the tool-calling loop disappears entirely from client code: from azure.ai.projects.models import WebSearchTool agent = project.agents.create_version( agent_name="Search-Agent", definition=PromptAgentDefinition( model=MODEL_DEPLOYMENT, tools=[WebSearchTool()], instructions="You are a research assistant...", ), ) The agent decides when to search, executes the search server-side, and returns a grounded response with citations. Your client code looks identical to Demo 0 — a simple responses.create() call with no tool loop. The distinction matters architecturally: Function tools (Demo 1) — tool execution happens on your client; you control the code, the API call, the error handling. Built-in tools (Demo 3+) — tool execution happens inside Foundry; you get results without managing execution. Demo 4: Code Interpreter and the Gradio Web UI Demo 4 attaches CodeInterpreterTool , which gives the agent a sandboxed Python execution environment inside Foundry. The agent can write code, run it, observe output, and iterate — all server-side. Combined with a Gradio web interface, this demo shows an agent that can perform data analysis, generate charts, and explain results through a browser UI. Model Router is particularly interesting here: the empirical data shows it selects a more capable frontier model ( gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 ) for code-generation tasks, while simpler conversational turns stay on lighter models. Demo 5: Retrieval-Augmented Generation with FileSearchTool Demo 5 introduces RAG. The setup phase uploads a document, creates a vector store, and attaches it to the agent: # Upload document and create a vector store vector_store = openai.vector_stores.create(name="employee-handbook-store") with open("data/employee-handbook.md", "rb") as f: openai.vector_stores.files.upload_and_poll( vector_store_id=vector_store.id, file=f ) # Attach the vector store to the agent agent = project.agents.create_version( agent_name="RAG-Agent", definition=PromptAgentDefinition( model=MODEL_DEPLOYMENT, tools=[FileSearchTool(vector_store_ids=[vector_store.id])], instructions="Answer questions using only the provided documents...", ), ) At query time, the agent embeds the question, searches the vector store semantically, retrieves matching chunks, and generates an answer grounded in the retrieved content — entirely server-side. The client code remains a plain responses.create() call. An important detail: the .vector_store_id file is written to disk during setup and read back during the chat session, so the demo survives process restarts without re-uploading the document. The .gitignore excludes this file from source control. Demo 6: Model Context Protocol Demo 6 connects the agent to a GitHub MCP server, giving it access to repository and issue data via the open Model Context Protocol standard. MCP servers expose tools over a standardised wire protocol; the agent discovers and calls them without any client-side function declarations. The demo also demonstrates human-in-the-loop approval: before executing any MCP tool call, the agent surfaces the proposed action and waits for the user to confirm. This is an important safety pattern for agents that can trigger side effects on external systems. Demo 7: Toolbox — Centralised Tool Governance Where Demo 6 connects to a single MCP server directly, Demo 7 uses a Toolbox — a managed Microsoft Foundry resource that bundles multiple tools into a single, versioned, MCP-compatible endpoint. The Toolbox in this demo exposes both GitHub Issues and GitHub Repos tools, curated into an immutable versioned snapshot. This pattern is significant for production multi-agent systems: Centralised governance — one team owns the tool definitions; all agents consume them via a single endpoint. Versioned snapshots — promoting a new Toolbox version is explicit; agents pin to a version and upgrade intentionally. MCP compatibility — any MCP-capable agent or framework can connect, not just Foundry SDK agents. from azure.ai.projects.models import McpTool toolbox_tool = McpTool( server_label="toolbox", server_url=TOOLBOX_ENDPOINT, allowed_tools=[], # empty = all tools in the Toolbox version headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}, ) Demo 8: Self-Hosted Agent with the Responses Protocol The final demo departs from the prompt-agent pattern. Instead of registering a declarative agent in Foundry, Demo 8 implements a custom agent server using the Responses protocol. The server exposes a streaming HTTP endpoint; Foundry's Agent Inspector can connect to it and route user turns to it just as it would to a hosted prompt agent. This demo includes a Dockerfile and an agent.yaml , enabling deployment to Foundry's container hosting service. It uses gpt-4.1-mini directly rather than the model router, because the custom server owns the entire inference path. When to consider this pattern: Your agent requires custom pre- or post-processing logic that cannot be expressed in a system prompt. You need to integrate with infrastructure that is not reachable through MCP or built-in tools. You want to own the inference call for cost control, A/B testing, or compliance reasons. You are building a multi-agent orchestrator that needs to expose itself as an agent to other orchestrators. Getting Started The lab requires Python 3.10 or higher, an Azure subscription with a Microsoft Foundry project, and the Azure CLI. 1. Clone and set up the virtual environment git clone https://github.com/microsoft-foundry/Foundry-Agent-Lab.git cd Foundry-Agent-Lab # Create and activate the virtual environment python -m venv .venv # Windows Command Prompt .venv\Scripts\activate.bat # Windows PowerShell .venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1 # macOS / Linux source .venv/bin/activate pip install -r requirements.txt 2. Configure a demo copy hello-demo\.env.sample hello-demo\.env # Edit hello-demo\.env and set PROJECT_ENDPOINT Your PROJECT_ENDPOINT is on the Overview page of your Foundry project in the Azure portal. It takes the form https://your-resource.ai.azure.com/api/projects/your-project . 3. Run the demo az login 0-hello-demo Each numbered batch file at the root activates the virtual environment, runs create_agent.py , and launches chat.py . Append log to capture the full session transcript: 0-hello-demo log Reset between runs hello-demo\reset.bat Every demo includes a reset.bat that deletes the registered agent and any associated resources (vector stores, uploaded files). Demos are fully repeatable. Architecture Principles Demonstrated Across the nine demos, the lab illustrates a set of design principles that apply directly to production agent systems: Keyless authentication throughout Every demo uses DefaultAzureCredential . No API keys appear anywhere in the code. Locally, az login provides credentials. In production, managed identity takes over automatically — same code, no secrets to rotate. Server-side conversation state The Responses API stores conversation history server-side. Your application passes a conversation ID; Foundry maintains the thread. This eliminates the common bug of truncating history due to local list management and makes multi-process or multi-instance deployments straightforward. Client-side vs server-side tool execution The lab makes the distinction explicit. Function tools execute in your process — you control the code, the external call, and the error handling. Built-in tools (WebSearch, CodeInterpreter, FileSearch) execute inside Foundry — you get results without managing execution infrastructure. MCP tools (Demo 6, 7) fall between these: they execute in a separately deployed server, with the protocol mediating the call. Progressive tool introduction Each demo's create_agent.py registers the agent once. The chat.py file handles the conversation loop. These two responsibilities are always separate, making it easy to update agent definitions without modifying conversation logic, and vice versa. Security Considerations When building agents for production, keep the following in mind: Never commit .env files. The .gitignore excludes them, but verify this before pushing. Use Azure Key Vault or environment variable injection in CI/CD pipelines. Use managed identity in production. DefaultAzureCredential automatically picks up managed identity when deployed to Azure, eliminating the need for any stored credentials. Apply human-in-the-loop for side-effecting tools. Demo 6 demonstrates this pattern for MCP tool calls. Any agent that can modify external state (create issues, send emails, write files) should surface proposed actions for confirmation. Validate tool outputs before use. Treat data returned by external tools (weather APIs, search results, document retrieval) as untrusted input. Prompt injection through tool results is a real attack surface; grounding instructions in your system prompt reduce but do not eliminate this risk. Scope Toolbox permissions narrowly. When using a Toolbox (Demo 7), use allowed_tools to restrict which tools the agent can call, rather than granting access to all tools in a Toolbox version. Key Takeaways Start with the minimum. A prompt agent with no tools requires fewer than 30 lines of code using the Foundry SDK. Add tools only when the use case demands them. Use model-router unless you have a specific reason not to. The empirical data in the lab shows the router selects appropriate models across all task types — factual, creative, tool-calling, RAG, and code generation. Understand the client/server tool boundary. Function tools give you control; built-in tools give you simplicity. MCP and Toolbox give you governance and interoperability. Choose based on where you need control and where you need scale. Conversation state belongs on the server. Do not maintain conversation history in application memory if you can avoid it. The Responses API conversation object is designed for this. The hosted-demo pattern is for when you need to own the inference path. For most use cases, a declarative prompt agent is sufficient and far simpler to operate. Next Steps Explore the repo: github.com/microsoft-foundry/Foundry-Agent-Lab Microsoft Foundry SDK documentation: learn.microsoft.com/azure/ai-studio/ Responses API quickstart: Prompt agent quickstart Model Router conceptual documentation: Model Router for Microsoft Foundry Model Context Protocol: modelcontextprotocol.io Azure Identity SDK (DefaultAzureCredential): azure-identity Python SDK The Foundry Agent Lab is open source under the MIT licence. Contributions, bug reports, and feature requests are welcome through GitHub Issues. See CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.
OIDC vs SPN: Securing Azure Deployments with GitHub Actions & Terraform
From Secrets to Trust: Modernizing CI/CD Authentication When building infrastructure pipelines on Microsoft Azure using GitHub Actions and Terraform, one design choice quietly determines your entire security posture: How does your pipeline authenticate to Azure? For years, the answer was simple: Use a Service Principal (SPN) Store a client secret in GitHub Authenticate using credentials It works—but it doesn’t scale securely. This article walks through a real, production-ready implementation comparing: SPN (Client Secret – legacy pattern) OIDC (Federated Identity – modern standard) Backed by a working repo: WorkFlowBasedDeployment Architecture Overview This repository implements a workflow-driven Terraform deployment model with modular Azure infrastructure. Repository Structure .github/workflows/ deploy-infrastructure.yml # OIDC deployment deploy-infrastructure-spn.yml # SPN deployment destroy-infrastructure.yml # OIDC destroy destroy-infrastructure-spn.yml # SPN destroy Deployment/ main.tf providers.tf variables.tf terraform.tfvars modules/ Azure Resources Provisioned Resource Module Resource Group Virtual Network + NSGs vnet rg-network Storage Account sa rg-data Container Apps containerapps rg-compute AI Foundry aifoundry rg-data AI Search aisearch rg-data Azure Container Registry acr rg-compute Key Vault azkeyvault rg-data Monitoring azmonitor rg-compute Private Endpoints private_endpoints rg-network Authentication Models Service Principal (SPN) – The Traditional Way How it works Create App Registration Generate client secret Store it in GitHubTerraform authenticates using environment variables env: ARM_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }} ARM_CLIENT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET }} ARM_TENANT_ID: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }} The problem Risk Impact Long-lived secrets Can be leaked Manual rotation Operational burden Repo compromise Full environment exposure This model is still supported—but increasingly considered legacy for secure pipelines. OIDC (OpenID Connect) – The Modern Approach How it works GitHub Actions generates a short-lived identity token Microsoft Entra ID validates it Azure issues a temporary access token Terraform executes using that token No secrets. No storage. No rotation. Authentication Models Compared OIDC Flow (Mental Model) Think of OIDC like this: GitHub → Identity Provider Azure → Trust Authority Workflow → Temporary Identity OIDC Implementation (From the Repo) Workflow Configuration permissions: id-token: write contents: read env: ARM_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }} ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: ${{ secrets.AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID }} ARM_TENANT_ID: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }} ARM_USE_OIDC: true Azure Login - name: Azure Login (OIDC) uses: azure/login@v2 with: client-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }} tenant-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }} subscription-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID }} Backend (Terraform State with OIDC) terraform init \ -backend-config="use_oidc=true" Even your state storage is secretless Azure Setup for OIDC Create App Registration No client secret required Configure Federated Credential Example: Issuer: https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com Subject: repo:<org>/<repo>:ref:refs/heads/master You can restrict by: Branch Environment Repository Assign RBAC: Grant roles like: Contributor Or scoped resource-level access CI/CD Workflow Design Both SPN and OIDC pipelines follow a 2-stage pattern: Plan Stage terraform fmt terraform validate terraform plan Upload plan artifact Apply Stage Triggered only on main Downloads plan Runs apply -auto-approve Protected via environment approvals This ensures safe, auditable deployments OIDC vs SPN — Real Comparison Feature SPN OIDC Secrets Stored in GitHub None Token lifetime Long-lived Short-lived Rotation Manual Not required Security Medium High Setup Simple Slightly complex Recommended No Yes Common Pitfalls (Real-World Lessons) Missing id-token permission Without this, OIDC fails silently. Federated credential mismatch Wrong branch Incorrect repo name Case sensitivity issues Azure rejects the token completely. RBAC delay Role assignments can take time → causes confusing failures. Backend misconfiguration Forgetting use_oidc=true breaks Terraform state auth. Debugging Tips Enable debug logs in GitHub Actions Check Sign-in logs in Microsoft Entra ID Validate federated credential subject format Always isolate: Identity issue vs Permission issue Migration Strategy (SPN → OIDC) A safe transition looks like this: Keep SPN as fallback Add OIDC alongside Test in DEV environment Remove client secret Revoke old credentials No downtime, no risk. Where This Fits in Modern Azure Architecture This pattern integrates naturally with: Azure Container Apps AI/ML workloads (AI Foundry, Search) Multi-environment deployments Zero-trust enterprise architectures Authentication becomes identity-driven, not secret-driven When NOT to Use OIDC Legacy CI/CD systems without OIDC support Organisations with strict identity federation constraints Cross-tenant scenarios with limited trust setup Note: These cases are becoming increasingly rare in modern cloud setups. Security Perspective Threat SPN Risk OIDC Risk Secret leak High None Credential reuse High Low Token replay Possible Limited Repo compromise Full access Scoped Final Takeaway This repository demonstrates a key shift in modern DevOps: Secrets were a workaround for identity. OIDC replaces that workaround with trust. By combining: GitHub Actions OIDC federation Azure RBAC You get: Secure pipelines Scalable deployments Zero secret management In enterprise environments, moving to OIDC can eliminate secret rotation pipelines entirely, reducing operational overhead and significantly lowering breach risk. Reference Implementation GitHub Repository: WorkFlowBasedDeployment Closing Thought OIDC doesn’t just improve authentication, it fundamentally changes how trust is established in cloud systems. In a world moving toward zero-trust architectures, identity is the new perimeter and OIDC is how you enforce it.
Microsoft 365 Developer Program - Subscription Issue
I deleted my profile more than 60 days ago. Today, when I tried to create a new developer subscription, it turned out that the old one is still in the system even though it should have been deleted. I want to remove the old one and create a new one.Excel can't open file from hyperlink after upgrade windows11
Hello, I met a strang issue. After upgrade system from w10 to w11, my excel can't open linkage file which was working normal before. Tested file and folder which located on local and SMB was not working, after click the hyper-lnik nothing happen and no pop-up just turn to mouse to loading icon then nothing happen how can I check which part cause this issue? Also tested on word have same issue. Further, url was working normal.Building a Controllable Inference Platform on Kubernetes with AI Runway
When enterprises move generative AI from demos to real business workloads, the hardest question is usually not whether a model can answer a prompt. The harder question is whether the whole system can run reliably, predictably, securely, and economically over time. This becomes especially important as major model providers continue to adjust token pricing, context-window pricing, batching discounts, and model tiering. That is where AI Runway becomes valuable. It turns model deployment into a Kubernetes-native platform capability. Instead of binding every application to a specific inference runtime, AI Runway lets teams describe model-serving intent through a unified ModelDeployment resource, while the platform selects or delegates to the right provider and engine underneath. For teams already using Kubernetes, AKS, or cloud-native platform engineering practices, AI Runway offers a practical path from “calling an external model API” to “operating an enterprise inference platform.” Why do we need a self-hosted inference platform? Many teams have already proven the value of LLMs in knowledge assistants, code generation, content creation, customer support, document processing, and agentic workflows. But once usage grows, several platform-level issues appear quickly. 1. Token cost becomes an engineering problem In a proof of concept, token usage often looks like a small budget line. In production, it becomes an architectural concern. A single RAG request may include system prompts, user input, retrieved context, tool outputs, and the final answer. An agentic workflow may call models many times for planning, routing, summarization, validation, and generation. An internal Copilot used by hundreds of employees can generate token consumption at a scale that surprises the original project team. External model API cost is also affected by model versions, input/output token ratios, context length, caching policies, batch processing, and provider pricing strategy. When model vendors change pricing, enterprises without an alternative path become price takers. Self-hosted inference does not mean replacing every external model. It means creating a controllable platform layer for high-frequency, predictable, localized, or privacy-sensitive workloads. Scenario Why self-hosted inference helps High-frequency internal Q&A Large request volume can be served by smaller or quantized models Document summarization and extraction Stable task pattern, suitable for specialized local models Agent intermediate steps Planning, classification, and rewriting may not require the strongest closed model Edge or private-network workloads Data may need to stay inside a controlled boundary Cost-sensitive applications CPU/GPU resource pools, batching, and model tiering can reduce unit cost 2. Data boundaries and compliance become clearer Many enterprises are willing to use cloud-hosted models, but they also need clear controls for data classification, access boundaries, logging, and auditing. A self-hosted inference platform allows sensitive documents, internal knowledge bases, customer interactions, and business context to remain inside a governed network and operational model. 3. Teams should not be locked into one engine Inference engines are evolving quickly. vLLM, SGLang, TensorRT-LLM, and llama.cpp serve different needs. Some are optimized for high-throughput GPU serving. Some are better for structured serving or NVIDIA GPU acceleration. Others make GGUF quantized models practical on CPU or lightweight GPU environments. A platform should not force every team into one runtime. It should provide a unified entry point and absorb runtime differences underneath. 4. Production AI requires model operations, not just endpoints Production workloads need deployment lifecycle management, status, logs, metrics, scaling, debugging, progressive rollout, resource quotas, and secure ingress. A self-hosted inference platform should prevent every team from handcrafting runtime-specific YAML and instead provide these capabilities as shared platform primitives. What is AI Runway? AI Runway is a Kubernetes-native platform for deploying and managing large language models. Its core idea is to describe model deployment intent through a unified Kubernetes CRD called ModelDeployment. The AI Runway Controller then selects or delegates to provider-specific controllers based on provider capabilities. The project describes itself as: Deploy and manage large language models on Kubernetes — no YAML required. AI Runway supports a Web UI, REST API, Headlamp Plugin, and direct CRD management with kubectl. The UI is optional and replaceable; the core platform capability lives in the controller, CRDs, and provider abstraction. Key capabilities Capability Value Unified ModelDeployment CRD One API for model, engine, resources, scaling, and gateway configuration Multiple providers Supports KAITO, NVIDIA Dynamo, KubeRay, llm-d, and provider shims Multiple engines Supports vLLM, SGLang, TensorRT-LLM, and llama.cpp Automatic provider and engine selection Matches CPU/GPU requirements, serving mode, and provider capability Web UI and Headlamp Plugin Simplifies model discovery, deployment, and monitoring Hugging Face integration Enables model catalog browsing and deployment Observability Surfaces deployment status, logs, and Prometheus metrics Gateway API integration Enables unified OpenAI-compatible routing through a gateway Cost and capacity guidance Helps with GPU fit, pricing, and capacity decisions Multi-engine support is the key differentiator AI Runway is not just another model deployment tool. Its most important value is decoupling application developers from inference runtime decisions. Applications can call an OpenAI-compatible endpoint or a unified gateway, while the platform decides which engine and provider should serve a particular model. Engine Typical use case Resource target vLLM High-throughput general LLM serving GPU SGLang Complex inference workflows and structured serving GPU TensorRT-LLM Highly optimized inference on NVIDIA GPUs GPU llama.cpp GGUF quantized models and lightweight inference CPU / GPU For teams, this is an important story: instead of forcing every team into the same runtime, AI Runway creates a common platform where different workloads can choose different engines while keeping the developer experience consistent. AI Runway architecture overview The following Mermaid diagram shows a simplified view of the AI Runway platform layers. Three design points matter most: Unified control plane: users submit ModelDeployment resources instead of handcrafting YAML for each runtime. Out-of-tree providers: KAITO, Dynamo, KubeRay, and llm-d declare their capabilities through provider shims and controllers. Replaceable runtime layer: the same platform can serve CPU-based llama.cpp models and GPU-based vLLM or TensorRT-LLM workloads. Solution 1: Local Kubernetes with AI Runway, KAITO, and CPU Local Kubernetes is ideal for learning, demos, development validation, and small-model prototyping. The goal is not maximum throughput. The goal is to prove that AI Runway + KAITO + llama.cpp can expose an OpenAI-compatible model service without requiring a GPU. When to use this pattern Scenario Description Local developer experiments Use kind, minikube, k3d, or Docker Desktop Kubernetes Platform demos Show the ModelDeployment, provider, and OpenAI-compatible API flow CPU-only validation No GPU or cloud resource required SLM / GGUF testing Use llama.cpp to serve quantized models For local CPU inference, allocate at least 4 vCPU and 12 GiB memory. Even small models need memory for runtime startup, model loading, KV cache, and context windows. Local architecture The local KAITO + CPU pattern is powerful for education and adoption: Developers learn the ModelDeployment abstraction without needing a GPU. The application does not need to know whether the backend is LocalAI, llama.cpp, or KAITO Workspace. CPU-only environments can still run lightweight and quantized models. Teams can validate models, prompts, and API behavior locally before moving to AKS or production clusters. Sample Guideline - https://gist.github.com/kinfey/28b2338845cc63139aee2ea462a3c466 Solution 2: Azure with AKS, AI Runway, KAITO, and CPU After local validation, the next step is usually a cloud-hosted inference platform. AKS provides managed Kubernetes control plane, node pools, networking, identity, monitoring, and Azure ecosystem integration. It is a natural foundation for AI Runway in production or pre-production environments. The example below uses CPU-only AKS + KAITO + Qwen3-0.6B GGUF to build a cloud-hosted inference service without GPU nodes. Azure architecture Production recommendations for AKS Area Recommendation Secure ingress Do not expose plain HTTP 80 directly; add TLS, API keys, OAuth2 Proxy, WAF, or internal LoadBalancer Model governance Pin model versions, image versions, and GGUF filenames Cost governance Use CPU for lightweight tasks and GPU for high-throughput large models Observability Integrate Azure Monitor, Prometheus, logs, and request-level metrics Quota planning Check regional vCPU/GPU quota before deployment Caching Use PVCs or model cache volumes to reduce repeated downloads GitOps Manage ModelDeployment, providers, and ingress through GitOps Access control Use namespaces, RBAC, and NetworkPolicy for team isolation Sample Guideline - https://gist.github.com/kinfey/d439a545d8c93e15d8a2854b65f03d4d How to evangelize AI Runway inside an engineering organization When introducing AI Runway, I would avoid starting with “we are building our own model platform.” A more effective narrative is: Start with cost predictability: high-frequency workloads should not all depend on the most expensive external model tier. Emphasize technical optionality: teams can use different models and engines while keeping a unified platform entry point. Highlight Kubernetes-native operations: existing AKS, RBAC, monitoring, GitOps, networking, and security practices can be reused. Use CPU demos to lower the barrier: local KAITO + CPU lets developers understand the full flow without GPUs. Use Azure as the production landing zone: AKS carries the same abstraction into cloud environments and can evolve toward GPU, gateway, monitoring, and multi-tenant governance. This path avoids starting with GPU procurement, complex scheduling, or full-scale platform governance. Start small, prove the abstraction, then add higher-performance engines and stronger governance as the platform matures. Closing thoughts As AI applications enter production, enterprises need more than a model that can answer prompts. They need an inference platform that is controllable, observable, scalable, and evolvable. AI Runway brings this problem back into the Kubernetes platform engineering world: use ModelDeployment to standardize model deployment, use providers to hide runtime differences, and use multiple engines to match different cost and performance goals. From a local Kubernetes KAITO + CPU demo to a Qwen3-0.6B CPU inference service on AKS, AI Runway provides a clear adoption path: start with a low-barrier setup, then evolve toward multi-model, multi-engine, multi-provider, unified-gateway, enterprise-governed inference. In a world where token pricing changes frequently and model ecosystems evolve rapidly, a self-hosted inference platform is not about rejecting external models. It is about giving engineering teams more control over cost, architecture, and technical choice. References AI Runway GitHub: https://github.com/kaito-project/airunway AI Runway Architecture: https://github.com/kaito-project/airunway/blob/main/docs/architecture.md AI Runway Providers: https://github.com/kaito-project/airunway/blob/main/docs/providers.md AI Runway CRD Reference: https://github.com/kaito-project/airunway/blob/main/docs/crd-reference.md KAITO: https://github.com/kaito-project/kaito LocalAI: https://localai.io AKS Application Routing: https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/aks/app-routing Qwen3-0.6B GGUF: https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B-GGUF
404 error downloading file versions via CSOM (SharePoint 2013 On-Prem)
I need to download historical versions of a document from a SharePoint 2013 On Premises document library using a C# console application, so I can migrate them chronologically to SharePoint Online along with their column properties. While downloading the current latest version works perfectly, downloading older historical versions always fails. Standard CSOM methods fail because ListItem.Versions does not exist in the SharePoint 2013 v15 SDK. Reverting to direct HTTP endpoints consistently throws an error. Here is the exact exception message I receive: System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException: Response status code does not indicate success: 404 (Not Found). Below is the minimal reproducible code example demonstrating how the connection is initialized, how properties are loaded, and where the download fails on historical versions: using System; using System.IO; using System.Net.Http; using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client; using SP = Microsoft.SharePoint.Client; class Program { static void Main() { string siteUrl = "https://example.com"; using (ClientContext sourceCtx = new ClientContext(siteUrl)) { sourceCtx.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; List sourceList = sourceCtx.Web.Lists.GetByTitle("MyLibrary"); CamlQuery query = CamlQuery.CreateAllItemsQuery(); ListItemCollection items = sourceList.GetItems(query); sourceCtx.Load(items, ic => ic.Include( item => item.Id, item => item.File, item => item.File.Versions, item => item.File.ServerRelativeUrl )); sourceCtx.ExecuteQuery(); foreach (ListItem item in items) { if (item.File == null || !item.File.Exists) continue; foreach (FileVersion ver in item.File.Versions) { string absoluteVersionUrl = siteUrl.TrimEnd('/') + "/" + ver.Url.TrimStart('/'); using (var handler = new HttpClientHandler { Credentials = sourceCtx.Credentials }) using (var client = new HttpClient(handler)) { client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("X-FORMS_BASED_AUTH_ACCEPTED", "f"); client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0"); // CRITICAL FAILURE HERE: Always throws 404 Not Found HttpResponseMessage response = client.GetAsync(absoluteVersionUrl).Result; response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); using (Stream fileStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync().Result) { // Upload logic to SPO goes here } } } } } } The version URL returned inside the property matches the following virtual folder layout format: _vti_history/512/Folder/Doc.docx My specific environment queries are: Why does navigating to the absolute history folder URL over an authenticated HttpClient trigger a 404 Not Found error in SharePoint 2013 on premises, even though the path token is extracted directly from the version url metadata property? Is there an alternative legacy REST endpoint routing structure or an alternative file stream extraction method available in the SharePoint 2013 (v15) SDK that allows an external client application to fetch older version binaries successfully?
