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AZ-700 Step by Step Guide for Azure Private DNS
This article is part of our AZ-700 series, offering a step-by-step guide on configuring Azure Private DNS, based on the tutorial available on YouTube. Ihighly recommend watching the video to gain a solid understanding of the concepts covered in this article. Through this guide, you'll gain hands-on experience in setting up and managing Azure Private DNS, enabling efficient DNS resolution, network segmentation, and seamless automation within Microsoft Azure. In today’s cloud environment, managing network resources and ensuring secure connectivity across virtual networks (vNets) can be complex, particularly when DNS management comes into play. This article provides a comprehensive, hands-on guide to setting up and configuring Azure Private DNS for efficient DNS resolution, network segmentation, and seamless automation in Microsoft Azure. Follow along as we explore the essential elements, from linking vNets and subnets to DNS automation. Why Azure Private DNS? Azure Private DNS allows you to manage and resolve DNS names within a virtual network without exposing them to the public internet. It simplifies domain name resolution, enhances security, and enables automation for dynamic environments. Key benefits of using Azure Private DNS: Dynamic DNS Management: Automatically updates DNS records for new or deleted resources, eliminating stale or "dangling" DNS entries. Domain Delegation: Allows centralized DNS management by delegating your corporate domain to Azure Private DNS. Enhanced Security: DNS records are automatically removed when resources are deleted, ensuring up-to-date and secure network configuration. Quick Recap: Azure Networking Fundamentals Before diving into Azure Private DNS, let’s revisit some foundational concepts from our previous discussions: vNet (Virtual Network): Similar to a traditional VLAN but without broadcast support, a vNet enables secure and scalable resource management. Subnet: Subdivision within a vNet, allowing more granular control over resource segmentation. Azure allows you to set up a single vNet with multiple subnets, maximizing network organization and security without the broadcast overhead typical in traditional networks. Step 1: Understanding Azure Private DNS Azure Private DNS enables the automatic registration of DNS names for resources within your vNet. For example, when you create a virtual machine (VM) in a vNet linked to a private DNS zone, the VM’s name and IP address automatically register within the zone. This streamlines DNS management, especially for dynamic environments where resources are created and deleted frequently. Key Features Automatic DNS Registration: Automatically updates the DNS zone with new or removed resources. Domain Delegation: You can delegate your corporate domain to the private DNS zone, managing DNS records centrally within Azure. Support for All DNS Record Types: Azure DNS supports a full range of DNS records, including A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records. Step 2: Setting Up the Private DNS Zone 1. Create a Private DNS Zone In the Azure Portal, navigate to Private DNS Zones and create a new zone. Define a name for the DNS zone, such as yourdomain.private. Deploy the DNS zone and navigate to the resource. 2. Link vNets for Automatic DNS Registration Within the Private DNS Zone resource, select Virtual Network Links to connect vNets to the DNS zone. For each vNet (e.g., Core Services, West Europe, Asia), specify the vNet link and enable Auto Registration. This enables seamless DNS name resolution across linked vNets and allows automatic DNS record updates when resources are created or deleted. Step 3: Verifying DNS Resolution and Connectivity Verify DNS Records in the Private DNS Zone: Go to DNS Management under the Private DNS zone and check that the A records for the VMs appear. Connect to VMs via DNS: Use Remote Desktop to access one VM, then attempt to connect to the other VM by its DNS name (rather than IP address). This confirms that the Private DNS setup allows for name-based connectivity. If issues arise (e.g., timeouts), ensure that firewall settings permit connectivity between the VMs. Step 4: DNS Zone Peering Across Regions With Azure Private DNS, you can link vNets across different regions, allowing resources in different geographic locations to resolve names and connect seamlessly. Link vNets Across Regions: Connect the vNets in regions like West Europe, East US, and Asia to the Private DNS zone. Verify Regional Connectivity: From a VM in one region (e.g., Asia), test connectivity to a VM in another region (e.g., East US) using DNS names. Azure Private DNS allows DNS name resolution across regions, ensuring consistent and reliable network connectivity. Summary Setting up Azure Private DNS is a powerful way to automate and centralize DNS management within a virtual network environment. This guide provides a practical framework for deploying Private DNS zones, linking vNets, and verifying connectivity. By configuring Azure Private DNS, organizations can streamline DNS management, secure network configurations, and enhance connectivity across geographically dispersed resources. Next Steps In future tutorials, we’ll explore VNet peering for advanced network configurations, allowing secure communication between isolated virtual networks. Be sure to subscribe and stay tuned for more Azure networking tips and tricks! Let’s enhance your Azure network management with practical, hands-on solutions.
App Connectivity issue
I have come across an issue being reported by one of the user stating that he is unable to connect to an application on port 5672 hosted behind azure internal load balancer. on my observation from Azure portal post login i see thatAzure front end load balancer is marking the front end port as unresponsive/down for service 5672, while the back end port 2009 on azure internal load balancer is seen up on the back end pool virtual F5 .port mapping done properly on azure Error as seen on Azure is “TCP probe out, unhealthy backend instances or unhealthy app listening on port” However when I check on the Virtual F5 the backend server is responding on port 5672 normally, the health checks look ok, thereby the vip is marked as up. is this abnormal behaviour on the application side against 5672 service or something more to check on the azure side which is resulting to TCP probe out error.. pls suggestAz-firewall-mon(itor) - near real time Azure Firewall flow log analyser
Hello, networking expert! I’m excited to share with you an update on my personal open source project: az-Firewall-mon:Az-firewall-monitor is an open-source tool that helps you answer to the following question: what is happening in my azure Firewall right now? It provides an alternative and opinionable way to access and inspect Azure Firewall logs, without using Log Analytics or Kusto queries. It provides a simple and intuitive interface that shows you what is happening on your firewall right now (or almost). to filter your data you can use both a full text search or natural language thanks to his integration with chatGPT4. Here a sample full text search interaction: here a sample natural language interaction Try out az-firewall-monitor athttps://az-firewall-mon.duckiesfarm.comor have a look at the source code on GitHub athttps://github.com/nicolgit/azure-firewall-mon Thank you!
Deploy Dynamic Routing (BGP) between Azure VPN and Third-Party Firewall (Palo Alto)
Overview This blog explains how to deploy dynamic routing (BGP) between Azure VPN and a third-party firewall. You can refer to this topology and deployment guide in scenarios where you need VPN connectivity between an on-premises third-party VPN device and Azure VPN, or any cloud environment. What is BGP? Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information across the internet and between different autonomous systems (AS). It is the protocol that makes the internet work by enabling data routing between different networks. Here are some key points about BGP: Routing Between Autonomous Systems: BGP is used for routing between large networks that are under different administrative control, known as autonomous systems (AS). Each AS is assigned a unique number. Path Vector Protocol: BGP is a path vector protocol, meaning it maintains the path information that gets updated dynamically as routes are added or removed. This helps in making routing decisions based on path attributes. Scalability: BGP is designed to handle a large number of routes, making it highly scalable for use on the internet. Policy-Based Routing: BGP allows network administrators to set policies that can influence routing decisions. For example, administrators can prefer certain routes over others based on specific criteria such as path length or AS path. Peering: BGP peers are routers that establish a connection to exchange routing information. Peering can be either internal (within the same AS) or external (between different AS). Route Advertisement: BGP advertises routes along with various attributes such as AS path, next hop, and network prefix. This helps in making informed decisions on the best route to take. Convergence: BGP can take some time to converge, meaning to stabilize its routing tables after a network change. However, it is designed to be very stable once converged. Use in Azure: In Azure, BGP is used to facilitate dynamic routing in scenarios like connecting Azure VNets to on-premises networks via VPN gateways. This dynamic routing allows for more resilient and flexible network designs. Switching from static routing to BGP for your Azure VPN gateway will enable dynamic routing, allowing the Azure network and your on-premises network to exchange routing information automatically, leading to potentially better failover and redundancy. Why BGP? BGP is the standard routing protocol commonly used in the Internet to exchange routing and reachability information between two or more networks. When used in the context of Azure Virtual Networks, BGP enables the Azure VPN gateways and your on-premises VPN devices, called BGP peers or neighbors, to exchange "routes" that will inform both gateways on the availability and reachability for those prefixes to go through the gateways or routers involved. BGP can also enable transit routing among multiple networks by propagating routes a BGP gateway learns from one BGP peer to all other BGP peers. Diagram Pre-Requisite Firewall Network: Firewall with three interfaces (Public, Private, Management). Here, the LAB has configured with VM-series Palo Alto firewall. Azure VPN Network: Test VM, Gateway Subnet Test Network Connected to Firewall Network: Azure VM with UDR pointing to Firewall's Internal Interface. The test network should be peered with firewall network. Configuration Part 1: Configure Azure VPN with BGP enabled Create Virtual Network Gateway from marketplace Provide Name, Gateway type (VPN),VPN SKU, VNet (with dedicated Gateway Subnet), Public IP Enable BGP and provide AS number Create Note: Azure will auto provision a local BGP peer with an IP address from Gateway Subnet. After deployment the configuration will look similar to below. Make a note of Public IP and BGP Peer IP generated, we need this while configuring VPN at remote end. Create Local Network Gateway Local Network Gateway represents the firewall VPN network Configuration where you should provide remote configuration parameters. Provide Name, Remote peer Public IP In the Address space specify remote BGP peer IP (/32) (Router ID in case of Palo Alto). Please note that if you are configuring static route instead of dynamic you should advertise entire remote network ranges which you want to communicate through VPN. Here BGP making this process much simpler. In Advanced tab enable BGP and provide remote ASN Number and BGP peer IP create Create Connections with default crypto profile Once the VPN Gateway and Local Network Gateway has provisioned you can build connection which represents IPsec and IKE configurations. Go to VPN GW and under Settings, Add Connection Provide Name, VPN Gateway, Local Network Gateway, Pre-Shared Key Enable BGP If Required, Modify IPsec and IKE Crypto setting, else leave it as default Create Completed the Azure end configuration, now we can move to firewall side. Part 2: Configure Palo Alto Firewall VPN with BGP enabled Create IKE Gateway with default IKE Crypto profile Provide IKE Version, Local VPN Interface, Peer IP, Pre-shared key Create IPSec Tunnel with default IPsec Crypto profile Create Tunnel Interface Create IPsec Tunnel: Provide tunnel Interface, IPsec Crypto profile, IKE Gateway Since we are configuring route-based VPN, tunnel interface is very necessary to route traffic which needed to be encrypted. By this configuration your tunnel should be UP Now finish the remaining BGP Configurations Configure a Loopback interface to represent BGP virtual router, we have provided 10.0.17.5 IP for the interface, which is a free IP from public subnet. Configure virtual router Redistribution Profile Configure Redistribution Profile as below, this configuration ensures what kind of routers needed to be redistributed to BGP peer routers Enable BGP and configure local BGP and peer BGP parameters Provide Router ID, AS number Make sure to enable Install Route Option Configure EBGP Peer Group and Peer with Local BGP Peer IP, Remote (Azure)BGP Peer IP and Remote (Azure) BGP ASN Number. Also Specify Redistribution profile, make sure to enableAllow Redistribute Default Route, if you need to propagate default route to BGP peer router Create Static route for Azure BGP peer, 10.0.1.254/32 Commit changes Test Results Now we can test the connectivity, we have already configured necessary NAT and default route in Firewall. You can see the propagated route in both azure VPN gateway and Palo Alto firewall. FW NAT Name Src Zone Dst Zone Destination Interface Destination Address Service NAT Action nattovm1 any Untrust any untrust_inteface_pub_ip 3389 DNAT to VM1 IP nattovm2 any Untrust any untrust_interface_pub_ip 3000 DNAT to VM2 IP natto internet any Untrust ethernet1/1 default 0.0.0.0/0 SNAT to Eth1/1 Stattic Route configured: Azure VPN GW Connection Status and Propagated routes Azure Test VM1 (10.0.0.4) Effective routes Palo Alto BGP Summary Palo AltoBGP connection status Palo AltoBGP Received Route Palo AltoBGP Propagated Route Final Forwarding table Ping and trace result from Test VM1 to test VM2 Conclusion: BGP simplifies the route advertisement process. There are many more configuration options that we can try in BGP to achieve smooth functioning of routing. BGP also enables automatic redundancy and high availability. Hence, it is always recommended to configure BGP when it comes to production-grade complex networking.Please Continue Supporting Private Link for Azure Function origins in Azure Front Door Premium
We recently opened a support case because we are no longer able to enable private link using the Azure Font Door User Interface in the Azure Portal to Azure Function origins that reside in our ILB Application Service Environment (ASE) V3 within an Isolated V2 Azure App Service plan. We need this feature enabled again, but we received the following response regarding this issue. “We just received update on the issue from product level team, actually the private link is not supported for function app, it used to be worked by accident. So they started removing it now, they blocked it on portal, further they will be doing it for CLI/PowerShell as well. The previous function apps for which the private link is enabled and working fine will be disassociated at any time. Unfortunately, they suggested users to not go with private link for function apps anymore.” Private link to Azure Functions apps running an Isolated V2 Azure App Service plan is supported by Azure Front door; the feature should continue to be supported and subject to the Azure Front Door SLA.It is possible to create Private Links from Azure Front Door to Azure Functions origins that reside in our ILB ASE V3 within an Isolated V2 Azure App Service plan. We have created Private Links from Azure Font Door to our Production Azure Functions, and they have been connected since 2022. The Azure Front Door documentation references that the product supports Private Link for both Azure App Service and Azure Function origins. 1. We were previously able to enable private link from Azure Front Door, using the User Interface in the Azure Portal, to Azure functions origins that reside in our ILB Application Service Environment (ASE) V3 within an Isolated V2 Azure App Service plan. The Azure Front Door documentation contains language that supports that Azure Front Door supports Private link for Azure App Service and Azure Functions origins. Stated in the doc “Secure traffic to Azure Front Door origins.” “Private Link origins When you use the premium SKU of Front Door, you can use Private Link to send traffic to your origin. Learn more about Private Link origins. You should configure your origin to disallow traffic that doesn't come through Private Link. The way that you restrict traffic depends on the type of Private Link origin you use: Azure App Service and Azure Functionsautomatically disable access through public internet endpoints when you use Private Link. For more information, see Using Private Endpoints for Azure Web App.” Secure traffic to origins - Azure Front Door | Microsoft Learn Stated in the doc “Connect Azure Front Door Premium to an App Service origin with Private Link using Azure CLI” “Private endpoints requires yourApp Service plan or function hosting planto meet some requirements….” https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/frontdoor/standard-premium/how-to-enable-private-link-web-app-cli 2. Azure functions can run in an App Service plan and support for private endpoint and private link for Azure App Service and Azure Functions is generally available. Azure Private Link availability | Microsoft Learn Connect privately to an App Service apps using private endpoint - Azure App Service | Microsoft Learn https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-networking-options?tabs=azure-portal#private-endpoints 3. We are now unable to enable private link using the Azure Font Door User Interface in the Azure Portal to Azure functions origins that reside in our ILB ASE V3 within an Isolated V2 Azure App Service plan. We need this feature enabled again. 4. We are still able to enable private link to Azure function origins that reside in our ILB ASE V3 within an Isolated V2 Azure App Service plan with the Azure CLI. I recently discovered the Note was added to the azure-docs on April 25th, 2024, which is after we opened our support incident:https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/azure-docs/commit/6d7d40b4a9c0b1e843aa81a121ecb83468043803 The reference to Functions not being a supported feature is false and I request that is removed.
Understanding HUB vnet route tables relation
Hi there Please help me understand the relation/usage between/of the different route tables in a Hub vnet. Let's say I have a Hub vnet with ExpressRoute GWs for on-prem connectivity, and VPN GWs for Vnet-Vnet VPN connections to other HUBs. Spokes are peered to the Hub. The ER GW holds a route table. The VPN GW. holds its route table. And the GatewaySubnet holds a route table. I can view the ER GW Private Peering route table. I can see the BGP Peers/Routes in the VPN virtual gateway. But in the hub I cannot really see the effective GatewaySubnet route table. (I know I can by deploying a VM in a subnet in the hub) When exactly is the GatewaySubnet route table consulted/used? In which flows? Please elaborate on the GatewaySubnet vs. ER GW vs. VPN GW route tables and their exhange of routes or lack of. Thanks in advance! /Thomas
Redirection pulic IP adress of vm azure to local adress on premise
Hello, I have VM on azure and other one on premise, the VM on premise access to antenna, which is located in premise, and I have installed VPN between vm azure and vm on premise, Antenna on premise: ip 10.10.18.2 Vm on premise: ip 10.10.19.3 …………………………………… there is connection between antenna and vm on premise. Vm on azure: ip 10.10.19.2 , Public address : 10.40.40.40 ………………….. Ther is connection between vm azure to antenna ( I have set route 10.10.18.0 to 10.10.19.0). I want to access to this antenna from synapse by Rest API service, so I wonder how i can redirect public address of vm on azure to local address of antenna on premise through vm azure?KQL Query for finding out resource's egress going through a specific Virtual Network Gateway
Is there a way to find out individual resources egress that are going through a Virtual Network Gateway VPN. Pretty much I have an issue where its been noticed that there's high egress going through our Azure to on-prem VPN, I believe it's due to backups but I want to find the specific resources that are causing it. Is there a KQL or way of logging that would be able to pull the individual resource names or resource IDs based on their egress going through a Virtual Network Gateway?WordPress App how to restrict access to specific pages on the site
Hello all, I have a WordPress App hosted on Azure and I am struggling with how I can secure specific pages from public access. For example: www.mysite.com/wp-admin www.mysite.com/info.php I'd like it so that only specific IP addresses or Microsoft user accounts can access some, such as admin pages and for some pages I'd like no access at all, to where it just blocks any sort of visit. I've viewed the documentation for Front Door and some networking restrictions but that seems to be just IP addresses and I'm confused about how I can set those rule for specific pages within the App. I know WordPress offer plugins which have this sort of functionality but I'd like to take advantage of Azure's security features rather than plugins from WordPress. Any help is very appreciated. Thank you
