Can't connect Outlook 2016 to my O365 Mailbox

I'm hoping after two years that OP has resolved his issue, but for anybody else that continues to have issues connecting an Office 365 account to Outlook and none of those tools and methods linked in this article helped you, then hopefully you'll benefit from the fruits of my pain. 

With 2FA enabled I could not add an account in Outlook, with 2FA disabled I could. When 2FA was turned back on I was thrown into a perpetual loop where it kept asking for my password.  The password was correct, but according to this article 2FA is not compatible with Office apps and you need an "App Password": https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/blog/2014/02/10/multi-factor-authentication-for-office-365/ 

I don't find this to be a consistent thing since numerous others have no problem adding an O365 account with 2FA enabled to Outlook, however, it was the solution that worked for me.  It was a little difficult to get working since Outlook wouldn't even give me the option to enter a password (the magic App Password), but once I was given the option to input a password I fed it the App Password and it works now.  

Best of luck!