Spotted the /silentConfig switch has made it into the sync client production ring for version 17.3.6943.0625.

Does anyone have any info on it's usage yet? Or at least a nod if it's still a preview feature being worked on?

From initial poking around, I've been able to pre-load some basic registry and throw the /silentConfig switch together with /configure_business which then skips through the prompt for email details and goes straight to the folder selection screen; but would be useful to see someone else confirm the findings, and whether this is likely to stay.

Some example PS I'm testing with (n.b. using -Force will nuke any existing config - you've been warned; assumptions made re: mail address - feel free to use upn instead):

#requires -version 4
param([switch]$Force=$false,[string]$TenantID="00000000-1111-2222-3333-000000000000")

# Configure your tenant ID and default reg path here
$businessTenant=$TenantID
$businessRegPath="HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\OneDrive\Accounts\Business1"

if (Test-Path "$($env:LocalAppData)\Microsoft\OneDrive\OneDrive.exe") {
    Get-ChildItem "$($env:LocalAppData)\Microsoft\OneDrive\OneDrive.exe" | % {
        if ($_.VersionInfo.ProductVersion -ge [version]"17.3.6943.0") {
            "Configuring OneDrive $($_.VersionInfo.ProductVersion)"

            # Grab email address from current user's DS object (or manually set)
            Add-Type -AssemblyName System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement | Out-Null
            $businessEmail=[System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.UserPrincipal]::Current.EmailAddress

            # Determine if OneDrive has already been set up and kill unless -Force switch is being used
            if ($(Test-Path $businessRegPath)) {
                if ($Force) {
                    Remove-Item -Path $businessRegPath -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Null
                } else {
                    "OneDrive.exe registry configuration already exists, use -Force switch to overwrite"
                    break
                }
            }
            if ($(Test-Path "$($env:LocalAppData)\Microsoft\OneDrive\settings\business1\global.ini")) {
                Get-Content "$($env:LocalAppData)\Microsoft\OneDrive\settings\business1\global.ini" | ? {$_ -match "cid|c.i.d"} | % {
                    if ($($_ -replace "\0") -match "cid\s=\s$") {
                        $NotConfigured = $true
                    }
                }
                if ($Force -or $NotConfigured) {
                    Remove-Item -Path "$($env:LocalAppData)\Microsoft\OneDrive\settings\business1" -Force -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Null
                } else {
                    "OneDrive.exe configuration already exists, use -Force switch to overwrite"
                    break
                }
            }
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 2

            # Configure registry defaults
            New-Item -Path $businessRegPath | Out-Null
            New-ItemProperty -Path $businessRegPath -Name "Business" -PropertyType Dword -Value 1 -Force | Out-Null
            New-ItemProperty -Path $businessRegPath -Name "ConfiguredtenantId" -PropertyType String -Value "$($businessTenant)" -Force | Out-Null
            New-ItemProperty -Path $businessRegPath -Name "FirstRun" -PropertyType Dword -Value 1 -Force | Out-Null
            New-ItemProperty -Path $businessRegPath -Name "UserEmail" -PropertyType String -Value "$($businessEmail)" -Force | Out-Null
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 2

            # Run OD exe with arguments
            $businessArgs = "/background /configure_business:$($businessTenant) /silentConfig"
            Start-Process "$($env:LocalAppData)\Microsoft\OneDrive\OneDrive.exe" -ArgumentList $businessArgs
        } else {
            "OneDrive.exe version must be newer than 17.3.6943.0"
        }
    }
}

Forum Discussion

OneDrive sync client /silentConfig (17.3.6943.0625)