OneDrive just opens JPG files others get error 0x80070185 cloud operation was unsuccessful

Successful uploads and a visible folder listing do not prove that OneDrive can download every file's contents on the RDS server. First compare the status icons of a working JPG and a failing document; the JPG might already be available locally. On one small failing file, choose Always keep on this device and wait for its status to change. If 0x80070185 occurs before the file becomes locally available, that points toward retrieval rather than a Word or PDF association problem. Separately, download the same file through OneDrive in the browser to a nonsynced local folder on that server and test opening it. Record both outcomes, the OneDrive version, and the failure timestamp for support. Since resets, reinstallations, and disabling Sophos have already failed, avoid further profile deletion and restore the protection you disabled. These comparisons should narrow the investigation without risking additional unsynced data.