Link 2 sheets, then sort column A on sheet 2 alphabetically and match correct data

For future reference, it would be more helpful if, rather than redacted images--though that was a good move,  you created a duplicate with dummy data where necessary. Especially possible given that there really aren't that many rows of data to begin with.

That said, the formulas that are in evidence in those images suggest to me that you're actually well acquainted with the dynamic array functions that would be needed. Leaving me to wonder if I can just give you some words of encouragement to "play" or experiment and find your own solution.

So let me just offer an observation and some corresponding suggestions:

• You mention that the first sheet is sorted by color, and, significantly, you even entertain the thought, "[I wonder] if I should just remove my custom filters from sheet 1 by cell color and just link it that way."
  • First: I didn't even know that it was possible to "sort by color"; certainly it's not something I've ever done. In general it's best to leave "raw data" in its rawest state. Adding "pretty" features can get in the way of subsequent processes. I have had the experience of having difficulties in downstream analyses when I've, with all good intentions, applied a sort to my raw data.
  • If you want to have a basis for sorting--which in itself is entirely valid--add a field with some datapoint that serves as the basis for the desired sort(s). But even then, I'd suggest you leave the actual sorting to your downstream extractions.

All of that having been said, and not knowing exactly how you've accomplished the "sort by color", My suggestion is that, yes, you do an experiment and remove both the sort and the color. Get to the point where your raw data is just that: raw. I strongly suspect that the alterations to the raw data base may be hindering the kind of extractions you want to do, and appear to be fully able to do on your own.