Is it possible to turn a range of cells into an array using a formula?

Hopefully this will make sense. I have a table where some intersections between rows and columns will have a value, and some won't. 

For example

Effectively, I need to turn it into the following (ignore what the letters mean for the time being - that's a different issue):

Can this be done without VBA?

One thought I had was to turn the values into an array (somehow) and then extract the relevant index position from that array using the column headers in the second table.