Calculated Table causes performance issue and dataset refresh fails

Excellove15 

First few general notes. You didn't disable Time Intelligence for the model

as result you have a lot of generated hidden date tables

which could significantly decrease of overall performance. Better to mark Calendar table as date one and use only it disabling Time Intelligence. However, on this step that could crash the model, if to do that when step by step.

Next, if you don't really need datetime use date Date data type instead. For your initial calculated table that decreases the refresh time on about 30%. Also, depends on how critical the precision is, better to use Fixed decimal number instead of Decimal number data type.

Back to calculated table I don't think we may avoid it. But the may decrease it a bit. First, creating explicit measures

which are obvious, like

0 number of Credits = CALCULATE(
    COUNTROWS(Data),
    Data[Source] = "Invoice",
    Data[Invoice / Credit] < 0
)

With that calculated table could be

CALCULATETABLE(
    DISTINCT(
        SELECTCOLUMNS( Data, Data[DBName-Point_Id], Data[Date] )
    ),
    Data[Source] = "Invoice"
)

with adding to it calculating column as in your variant

IF(
    [0 Number of Invoices] > 1
        && [0 Number of Invoices]
        > [0 Number of Credits],
    "Multiple Invoices",
    IF(
        [0 Number of Credits]
            > [0 Number of Invoices]
            && [0 Net Cost] <> 0,
        "Multiple Credits",
        IF(
            ISEVEN( [0 Invoice Issue] )
                && [0 Net Cost] <> 0,
            "Invoice-Credit Value Mismatch",
            IF(
                [0 Number of Credits]
                    = [0 Number of Invoices]
                    && [0 Net Cost] = 0,
                "Credit Cancels Invoice",
                BLANK( )
            )
        )
    )
)

Alternatively we may create the table with Status column from scratch

VAR selectData =
    DISTINCT(
        SELECTCOLUMNS( Data, Data[DBName-Point_Id], Data[Date] )
    )
RETURN
    CALCULATETABLE(
        ADDCOLUMNS(
            selectData,
            "Status",
                SWITCH(
                    TRUE( ),
                    [0 Number of Invoices] > 1
                        && [0 Number of Invoices] > [0 Number of Credits], "Multiple Invoices",
                    [0 Number of Credits] > [0 Number of Invoices]
                        && [0 Net Cost] <> 0, "Multiple Credits",
                    ISEVEN( [0 Invoice Issue] ) && [0 Net Cost] <> 0, "Invoice-Credit Value Mismatch",
                    [0 Number of Credits] = [0 Number of Invoices]
                        && [0 Net Cost] = 0, "Credit Cancels Invoice",
                    BLANK( )
                )
        ),
        Data[Source] = "Invoice"
    )

Both are in the model, I added only this visuals for them

DAX Studio shows bit better performance, but not critically. On the other hand on my PC all 3 variants work.

File is here TechComm - OneDrive (live.com)