Where Does My Microsoft Entra ID Data Reside? Understanding Azure Regions and Data Residency
Hello everyone! Zoheb Shaikh here again. I’m a Senior Cloud Solution Architect with Microsoft, based in Doha, Qatar. It’s been almost three years since my last blog, and I’m happy to be back sharing another interesting customer conversation. This time, we’ll explore what the new Saudi Azure region really means for Microsoft Entra ID and data residency. I was recently having a conversation with a customer about Microsoft’s announcement of the Saudi Arabia East Azure region, which is expected to become available in November 2026. Naturally, there was a lot of excitement around it. We started discussing what this means for workloads, applications, data, resiliency and, of course, data residency. And then came a very simple question. “Great. So once the Saudi Azure region is available, our Microsoft Entra ID will also be in Saudi, right?” It is actually a very good question. And I think this is something we are going to hear more often as local Azure regions become available across different countries. My answer was: “Not exactly. Azure region availability and Microsoft Entra ID data residency are two different things.” And that started an interesting conversation. “But Entra runs on Azure, right?” Yes, But this is where we need to understand the difference between a workload that we deploy into Azure and a cloud service that Microsoft operates for us. Think about a normal Azure workload, you want to deploy a VM > Azure asks you: Where do you want to deploy it? Saudi Arabia East, UAE North, UK South, West Europe. You select the region based on your requirements. The same concept applies to many other supported Azure services. With the new Saudi Arabia East region, customers will be able to access supported Microsoft cloud and AI services and host eligible workloads and data locally in the Kingdom. Microsoft has announced that the region will also include three Availability Zones. That is the Azure region conversation But Microsoft Entra ID is different. You don’t create your Microsoft Entra tenant and then say: “Deploy my Entra tenant into Saudi Arabia East.” That is not how the service is designed. So how does Microsoft Entra actually work? This is where the architecture becomes interesting. Microsoft Entra ID is designed as a geographically distributed identity service. When an Entra tenant is created in the public cloud, the country or region selected during tenant creation is mapped by Microsoft Entra to a geo-location and a scale unit. Microsoft’s documentation currently lists geo-locations such as EMEA, North America, Asia/Pacific, Japan, Australia and Worldwide. The tenant location isn’t simply determined by where you later deploy your Azure VMs or applications. I explained it to the customer like this. If you deploy an application into Azure, you are largely deciding: “Where should my workload run?” For Microsoft Entra, Microsoft is managing a global identity platform and deciding: “How do we keep identity available, resilient and responsive while respecting the service’s data-residency architecture?” They are two very different design problems. Then the customer asked the next obvious question “Why does Entra need to work this way?” And this is probably my favourite part of the discussion. Imagine your company’s entire authentication service was dependent on one datacenter. Your users are signing in, Your applications are authenticating, Microsoft 365 depends on identity, Azure depends on identity. Thousands of applications may depend on the same identity platform and now imagine that datacenter has a problem. Identity is one of those services where availability really matters, this is one of reasons Microsoft Entra uses a distributed architecture. Microsoft’s published architecture describes a directory partition as having a primary replica and multiple secondary replicas. The primary replica handles writes, Before a write is acknowledged as successful, Microsoft Entra replicates that write to a secondary replica in another datacenter. Reads work differently, Directory reads, including authentication requests, can be serviced by secondary replicas that are geographically distributed. Microsoft routes these requests so that they can be serviced from datacenters close to customers. Now the architecture starts making more sense. It isn’t distributed randomly, It is distributed because the identity platform needs to provide things such as: availability, resiliency, performance and data durability. “So when I authenticate, am I always talking to where my directory data is stored?” Not necessarily in the way we traditionally think about it. This was another useful part of our conversation. Microsoft documents the Microsoft Entra authentication service itself as stateless. The directory data required for authentication resides in the Microsoft Entra Core Store. When users authenticate, Microsoft can route them to an authentication service instance in the geographically nearest datacenter that forms part of the applicable Microsoft Entra logical region. This is an important concept. The place from which a service responds to you and the place where the underlying authoritative data is managed do not always have to be the same thing. That is quite normal in large cloud services. And then came the real question: “Where is my data?” This is where I normally slow the conversation down a little. Because there are actually a few different questions hiding inside that one question. The customer might be asking: Where does my application data reside? Or Where does my Microsoft Entra directory data reside? Or Where is my authentication request being processed? Or perhaps the actual concern is Do I meet a specific regulatory requirement? These questions sound similar. But technically, they are not the same. For Microsoft Entra ID, Microsoft’s public documentation says the country/region selected during tenant creation is mapped to a Microsoft Entra geo-location and a scale unit. Microsoft Entra Core Store data is then managed according to that geo-location, considering areas such as performance, usability, residency and other requirements. That is why simply saying: “I have an Azure datacenter in my country, therefore every Microsoft cloud service must now store its data there” would be an oversimplification. There is actually an interesting Saudi-specific detail here At this point the conversation usually gets a little more interesting. Microsoft’s public documentation explains that Microsoft Entra directory location is determined when the tenant is originally created. Changing the country code later doesn’t move the directory data location. There is also some historical behaviour worth understanding. Microsoft documents that several country codes — including Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman — were mapped to the Asia region until 2013 and later mapped to Europe. As a result, tenants from those countries created before July 2013 can be provisioned differently from tenants created afterward. Why do I like this example? Because it makes one thing very clear: You shouldn’t determine your Microsoft Entra data location simply by looking at where your Azure workloads are deployed today but tenant provisioning history matters as well. “Okay, but is distributed data less secure?” This is another place where two conversations sometimes get mixed together. Data residency and security are related, but they are not the same thing. Data residency generally talks about where data is geographically stored. Security talks about how that data and the service around it are protected. Microsoft documents several protections around the Entra service. For example, Microsoft Entra directory data is signed and encrypted while it is being transferred between datacenters within a scale unit, and customer-facing web services use TLS. Microsoft also documents tenant-isolation controls around the Entra Core Store. Microsoft Entra also uses geographically distributed replicas, automated routing, monitoring and failover as part of its service architecture. So I wouldn’t look at a distributed architecture and conclude: “The data isn’t sitting in my local Azure region, therefore it is less secure.” That isn’t the right comparison. But I also wouldn’t say: “The service is secure, therefore data residency doesn’t matter.” That isn’t correct either. Security and regulatory residency are two different conversations This is probably the most important takeaway from the whole discussion. Imagine a customer tells me: “Our concern is security.” Then we should discuss the security architecture, tenant isolation, encryption, authentication controls, privileged access, service resilience and the controls Microsoft has put around the service. But imagine the customer says: “Our regulator specifically requires this category of data to be stored within Saudi Arabia.” That becomes a data-residency and compliance conversation. The right thing to do in that situation is not to make an assumption based on the availability of a local Azure region. Instead, check the official Microsoft documentation for the specific service and the specific data type involved. Microsoft’s Trust Center provides service-specific information for Microsoft Azure, Microsoft 365, Microsoft Entra ID, Intune, Defender and other cloud services. This is important because not every Microsoft cloud service follows exactly the same data-storage architecture. Back to the Saudi Azure region, So after all of this, we came back to where our conversation started. What does Saudi Arabia East actually change? A lot. Microsoft has announced that Saudi Arabia East will allow government and private-sector organizations to access supported Microsoft cloud and AI services and host eligible workloads and data locally in the Kingdom. The region will contain three Availability Zones, providing another important building block for organizations designing resilient local architectures. For customers running Azure applications, data platforms, infrastructure and AI workloads, this is a very significant development. But does that automatically mean an existing Microsoft Entra tenant moves into the Saudi Arabia East Azure region? No, And that shouldn’t really be surprising once we understand how Microsoft Entra is designed. The easiest way I explain it By the end of the conversation, I normally reduce everything into two simple questions. Azure Region is “Where do I want to deploy my workload?” For eligible Azure services, Saudi Arabia East gives customers another local option. Microsoft Entra ID “How does Microsoft’s identity service manage and protect my directory data?” That involves Microsoft Entra geo-locations, scale units, replicas and a geographically distributed service architecture. And then there is a third question which is equally important: Data residency “What does Microsoft commit to regarding the storage of my specific data for this specific cloud service?” That answer should always come from the relevant service documentation rather than from assumptions about where the nearest Azure datacenter happens to be. One last thought I actually think conversations like this are healthy. When customers ask “Where is my data?”, we shouldn’t try to answer the question with one sentence. Because modern cloud architecture doesn’t always work like the datacenter architecture we grew up with. An Azure region. A Microsoft Entra geography. A scale unit. A service endpoint. A replica. A data-residency commitment. They can all be part of the same cloud architecture, but they don’t necessarily mean the same thing. The Saudi Arabia East region is a major step forward for customers wanting to run Azure workloads locally in the Kingdom. And at the same time, it gives us a great opportunity to have a deeper conversation about how global cloud services such as Microsoft Entra ID are actually built. My conversation with the customer started with: “So Entra will now also be in Saudi, right?” By the end, the question had changed to something much better: “What is our actual data-residency requirement, and how does Microsoft Entra meet it?” And I think that is the right conversation to have. References Microsoft announces Saudi Arabia East datacenter region https://news.microsoft.com/source/emea/2026/08/microsoft-announces-saudi-arabia-east-datacenter-region-will-be-available-in-november-2026/ Microsoft Entra ID and data residency https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/fundamentals/data-residency Microsoft Entra architecture https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/architecture Customer data storage and processing for European customers in Microsoft Entra ID https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/fundamentals/data-storage-eu Microsoft Entra data protection considerations https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/fundamentals/data-protection-considerations Microsoft Trust Center – Data location https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/trust-center/privacy/data-location I hope this blog helped clarify the difference between Azure regions and Microsoft Entra ID data residency. These are the kinds of interesting customer conversations that I enjoy sharing, and I hope to continue writing more regularly. As always, feel free to share your thoughts, questions or experiences in the comments. I'd love to hear your views! Thanks for reading, and until next time! Zoheb Shaikh Senior Cloud Solution Architect | Microsoft Doha, QatarAutomating Daily MDE Compliance Monitoring Across Azure VMs
The Problem We’re Solving Most security teams have no automated way to know when a VM silently falls out of MDE coverage, whether because the agent stopped, the VM was newly provisioned without onboarding, or the device stopped reporting. This Logic App closes that gap and puts the right information in front of the right people every day. Disclaimer: This solution is designed for Azure Virtual Machines only. For non-Azure VMs onboarded to Microsoft Defender for Endpoint through Azure Arc, a separate companion blog will be published soon to cover that scenario. What changes once you deploy this Challenge Without This Logic App How This Logic App Helps Security gaps go undetected for days or weeks Any VM that is not onboarded or has stopped reporting is caught within 24 hours of the daily run No automated owner notification The VM's ServerOwner tag is read automatically, and the owner is emailed directly with full compliance details VMs with no owner fall through the cracks Flagged explicitly in the IT summary report with instructions for how to assign the tag Manual compliance reporting is time-consuming Full CSV report auto-attached to every daily IT summary; no manual extraction needed Agents silently stop reporting after onboarding Detects "Onboarded, Not Reporting" as a distinct status, separate from "Not Onboarded" Large multi-subscription environments are hard to cover Paginated queries across all enabled subscriptions; every running VM is checked Compliance States Detected Compliance Status Priority What It Means Not Onboarded P2, High The VM is running in Azure but has never appeared in MDE. There is zero security telemetry for this machine. Onboarded, Not Reporting P3, Medium The VM was previously enrolled but has not checked in within the configured window. The MDE agent may be stopped or the VM may have lost network connectivity to MDE. Compliant No alert VM is onboarded and checked in within the required time window. It is excluded from all notifications. Running VMs Only: This workflow queries Azure Resource Graph with a filter of powerState == "VM running". Deallocated, stopped, and powered-off VMs are intentionally excluded — they are not expected to report to MDE while offline. Only machines that are turned on are evaluated. Workflow Architecture The workflow runs as a sequential daily pipeline. All Azure VM data and MDE device data are collected into memory first, then each VM is evaluated in a single For Each loop. Execution Pipeline Recurrence trigger fires daily at 08:00 IST. CONFIG compose action reads MDE_LASTSEEN_HOURS (default 24). This defines the compliance window: how recently a VM must have reported to MDE to be considered Compliant. Init-varITTeamEmail and Init-varSenderEmail load the configurable email addresses used for sending and receiving notifications. Get-AllSubscriptions calls the Azure Management API to discover all subscriptions in the tenant. ForEach-Subscription runs a paginated Azure Resource Graph query per enabled subscription, collecting all running VMs along with Private IP, OS Type, Location, ServerOwner tag, and VM UUID. Init-MDEVariables then Paginate-MDEDevices call the MDE Security Center API in pages of 10,000 to load every enrolled device into the AllMDEDevices array. ForEach-AzureVM looks each Azure VM up in AllMDEDevices and determines compliance status and priority. Non-compliant handling builds HTML and CSV rows. If the VM has a ServerOwner tag, a compliance alert email goes to the owner with the IT Team CC'd. If there's no owner, the VM is appended to NoOwnerList. IT Summary email is sent once all VMs are processed. If any non-compliant VMs were found, the consolidated IT report is sent with the CSV attachment. Otherwise an All Clear email is sent. How Azure VM Data is Matched to MDE Data Each Azure VM is matched against the MDE device list using a two-level strategy. Both checks run for every VM on every run. Match Method How It Works Primary: Azure VM ID Compares azureVmId from the MDE device record (lowercase) against the VmId captured from Azure Resource Graph (lowercase). Immune to hostname changes; this is the preferred match. Fallback: Hostname + IP Checks that MDE computerDnsName starts with the Azure VM name (case-insensitive) AND lastIpAddress matches the Azure Private IP. Both conditions must be true. Not Found A synthetic MDE record with onboardingStatus: "NotFound" is created. The VM is treated as Not Onboarded and a P2 High alert is raised. Pagination Design The workflow handles large environments through two independent pagination mechanisms that run before any compliance evaluation begins. Data Source Page Size Mechanism Azure Resource Graph 1,000 VMs per page Uses $skipToken from the response. The Until loop re-queries with the token until no token is returned (last page). Variables VMSkipToken and VMFetchComplete manage loop state per subscription. Supports up to 50,000 VMs (50 pages). MDE Security Center API 10,000 devices per page Uses the $skip offset parameter. MDESkip is incremented by 10,000 each iteration. The loop stops when a page returns fewer than 10,000 records. Supports up to 500,000 MDE devices (50 pages × 10,000). Prerequisites Azure Resources Resource Requirement Notes Azure Logic App Standard plan, Stateful workflow Consumption plan also supported Managed Identity System-assigned on the Logic App Enable under Logic App > Identity Sender mailbox (varSenderEmail) Licensed Microsoft 365 account Emails are sent FROM this address IT Team email (varITTeamEmail) Valid email address or distribution list Receives all reports; CC'd on owner alerts Azure VMs Running, with ServerOwner tag (recommended) Tag value must be a valid email address MDE licensing Microsoft Defender for Endpoint P1 or P2 Tenant must be enrolled in MDE The ServerOwner Tag Server owner notifications rely on a VM-level Azure tag. Without it, the VM is included in the IT summary, but no individual alert is sent to an owner. Tag Name Expected Value Effect ServerOwner Valid email, e.g. john@yourcompany.com Compliance alert sent TO this address; IT Team CC'd If the tag is missing or empty, the VM is flagged in the Action Required: No Owner Tag Found section of the IT summary email, with step-by-step instructions for tagging it in the Azure Portal. Required Permissions & Why The Logic App's Managed Identity must be granted three API permissions. These are Application permissions that cannot be assigned through the Azure Portal UI, so the PowerShell script in Section 4.3 must be used. Admin consent is required. Permission Summary Permission API / Service AppId Why It Is Required user_impersonation Azure Management 797f4846-ba00-4fd7-ba43-dac1f8f63013 Allows the Managed Identity to call the Azure Resource Graph API to query VM inventory across all subscriptions. Without this, the workflow cannot discover VMs. WindowsDefenderATP.Read.All MDE Security Center fc780465-2017-40d4-a0c5-307022471b92 Allows reading all device records from the MDE API (/api/machines). This returns onboarding status, last seen time, and health status — the core compliance data. Mail.Send Microsoft Graph 00000003-0000-0000-c000-000000000000 Allows sending emails via the Graph /sendMail endpoint on behalf of the varSenderEmail mailbox. Without this, no alerts or reports can be sent. Important: The Azure Management and MDE permissions belong to separate service principals — they are NOT part of Microsoft Graph. Each permission must be assigned to its own service principal using the AppId shown above. The script in Section 4.2 handles this correctly. Where to find the required values Parameter Where to find it in Azure Portal $tenantID Azure Portal > Microsoft Entra ID > Overview > Tenant ID $managedIdentityObjectId Logic App > Settings > Identity > System assigned tab > Object (principal) ID Permission Assignment Script Run this in Azure Cloud Shell or any terminal with the Microsoft.Graph PowerShell module installed. Update $tenantID and $managedIdentityObjectId before running. # PowerShell # ── Update these two values before running ─────────────────────────── $tenantID = "<tenantID>" # Your Tenant ID $managedIdentityObjectId = "<objectID>" # MI Object ID # Install Microsoft.Graph if not already present if (!(Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Microsoft.Graph)) { Install-Module -Name Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser -Force } # Connect to Microsoft Graph Connect-MgGraph -TenantId $tenantID ` -Scopes "AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite.All","Application.Read.All" # MDE Compliance Logic App needs 3 permissions across 3 different service principals $permissions = @( @{ Permission="user_impersonation"; AppId="797f4846-ba00-4fd7-ba43-dac1f8f63013" }, @{ Permission="WindowsDefenderATP.Read.All"; AppId="fc780465-2017-40d4-a0c5-307022471b92" }, @{ Permission="Mail.Send"; AppId="00000003-0000-0000-c000-000000000000" } ) foreach ($entry in $permissions) { $sp = Get-MgServicePrincipal -Filter "AppId eq '$($entry.AppId)'" $appRole = $sp.AppRoles | Where-Object { $_.Value -eq $entry.Permission } if ($appRole -ne $null) { New-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignment ` -ServicePrincipalId $sp.Id ` -PrincipalId $managedIdentityObjectId ` -ResourceId $sp.Id ` -AppRoleId $appRole.Id Write-Host "Assigned: $($entry.Permission)" -ForegroundColor Green } else { Write-Host "Not found: $($entry.Permission)" -ForegroundColor Yellow } } Write-Host "All permissions assigned." -ForegroundColor Green Verify Permissions Assigned # PowerShell # Run after the assignment script to verify all 3 permissions are present Get-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignment ` -ServicePrincipalId $managedIdentityObjectId | Select-Object AppRoleId, PrincipalDisplayName | Format-Table -AutoSize Note: You should see three assignment rows in the output — one for each permission. If any are missing, re-run the assignment script. An error saying the assignment already exists is normal and can be safely ignored. Creating the Logic App Create the resource Azure Portal > search Logic Apps > + Create. Select your Subscription and Resource Group. Logic App name: la-mde-compliance-monitor. Plan type: Standard > Windows > select or create a Hosting Plan > Review + Create > Create. Once deployed, click Go to resource. Enable System-assigned Managed Identity Open the Logic App > left menu: Settings > Identity. On the System assigned tab, toggle Status to On. Click Save > Yes on the confirmation dialog. The Object (principal) ID appears. Copy this value for the PowerShell script. Run the Permissions Assignment script to assign all three permissions to this identity. Why Managed Identity: A System-assigned Managed Identity is automatically scoped to this Logic App and deleted when the Logic App is deleted. It authenticates to Azure Management API, MDE API, and Microsoft Graph without any stored passwords or client secrets. Create the workflow and import the JSON Logic App > left menu: Workflows > + Add. Workflow name: MDEComplianceMonitor. State type: Stateful. Click Create. Click the workflow name > left menu: Code. Press Ctrl + A > Delete to clear the editor completely. Paste the complete workflow JSON from the companion file (see Appendix A). Click Save. It should succeed with no validation errors. Important: Always use Stateful. Stateless workflows do not support run history, have a 5-minute timeout, and do not retain intermediate state — all of which are required by this workflow's pagination loops. Configuration: What You Can Change After importing the JSON, update only the values described below. Everything else runs automatically. Email Address Variables Variable Description Where to Update varITTeamEmail The IT Team email address. All IT Summary reports are sent TO this address. All per-VM owner emails CC this address. 3000 varSenderEmail The Microsoft 365 licensed account that emails are sent FROM via Graph API. Must have Mail.Send permission granted to the Managed Identity. 3000 Compliance look-up window: MDE_LASTSEEN_HOURS This setting in the CONFIG compose action defines how recently a VM must have reported to MDE to count as Compliant. Default is 24 hours. Value Behaviour 24 (default) Compliant if the VM checked in with MDE within the last 24 hours. Recommended starting point. 12 Stricter check; suitable for high-security environments requiring near-real-time coverage. 48 More relaxed; suitable for environments with scheduled maintenance windows or intermittent connectivity. Running VMs Only The Azure Resource Graph query includes a filter for powerState == "VM running". This means: Deallocated VMs are excluded (not expected to report to MDE while offline). Stopped (allocated) VMs are excluded. Newly started VMs are included and checked on the next daily run. To Change the Filter: To change the power state filter, locate the "query" string inside the Build-VMQuery-Paged action and modify the | where powerState == clause. For example, removing the filter entirely will check all VMs regardless of state. Sample Email Notifications The screenshots below show actual emails generated by this workflow. All sensitive data (email addresses, VM names, subscription IDs, IP addresses) has been redacted. Per-VM owner alert Sent to the server owner (ServerOwner tag) when their VM is non-compliant. The IT Team is CC'd. The email contains full server details, compliance status, priority, last MDE check-in time, and resolution SLA. Note: If no ServerOwner tag is set the VM is skipped here and included in the "No Owner Tag Found" section of the IT summary instead. IT Team Daily Summary Report Sent once per day to the IT Team after all owner emails are dispatched. Shows up to 20 VMs inline with a full CSV attachment containing the complete list, plus a dedicated section for VMs with no owner tag. Note: The CSV attachment always contains the complete list of all non-compliant VMs regardless of count. The inline HTML table is limited to 20 rows to keep the email size manageable. All Compliant VMs: If all VMs are compliant, you’ll see email like this: Post-Deployment Checklist Before you leave the workflow running unattended, walk through this checklist once. # Item 1 Logic App resource created (Standard plan, Stateful workflow) 2 System-assigned Managed Identity enabled; Object ID copied 3 PowerShell script run; user_impersonation, WindowsDefenderATP.Read.All, and Mail.Send assigned 4 Permissions verified using Get-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignment (3 rows expected) 5 Workflow JSON pasted into Code view; saved without validation errors 6 varITTeamEmail updated to your IT security team or distribution list address 7 varSenderEmail updated to a licensed Microsoft 365 mailbox 8 MDE_LASTSEEN_HOURS reviewed (default 24, adjust if needed) 9 At least one Azure VM has the ServerOwner tag set with a valid email 10 Manual run triggered: Logic App > Overview > Run Trigger > Run 11 Run history shows Succeeded; no 401 or 403 errors on any HTTP action 12 IT Team received the daily summary email with CSV attachment 13 Server owner received a per-VM alert with the IT Team CC'd 14 Recurrence trigger confirmed running daily at 08:00 IST Wrapping Up What I love about this is how much it accomplishes with so little: a Logic App, a Managed Identity, and three permissions. No connectors, no secrets to rotate, no third-party services. Yet every morning, your security team starts the day knowing exactly which VMs are out of MDE coverage and which owners have already been notified. If you adopt this pattern, here are a few natural next steps to consider: Hook into Microsoft Sentinel by writing non-compliant VMs to a custom table for trend analysis. Auto-create ServiceNow or Jira tickets for VMs that remain non-compliant for more than 48 hours. Extend the match logic to include Arc-enabled servers, not just Azure VMs. Add a Teams adaptive card notification alongside email for faster response. I'd love to hear how you're solving MDE coverage gaps in your environment. Appendix A: Workflow JSON The complete Logic App workflow definition is provided below. To import it: open the Logic App in Azure Portal, navigate to the workflow, click Code view, press Ctrl + A to clear the existing content, paste the entire JSON, then click Save. { "definition": { "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Logic/schemas/2016-06-01/workflowdefinition.json#", "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0", "triggers": { "Recurrence": { "recurrence": { "frequency": "Day", "interval": 1, "schedule": { "hours": [ "8" ], "minutes": [ 0 ] }, "timeZone": "India Standard Time" }, "evaluatedRecurrence": { "frequency": "Day", "interval": 1, "schedule": { "hours": [ "8" ], "minutes": [ 0 ] }, "timeZone": "India Standard Time" }, "type": "Recurrence" } }, "actions": { "CONFIG": { "runAfter": {}, "type": "Compose", "inputs": { "MDE_LASTSEEN_HOURS": 24 } }, "Set-ExcludedSubscriptions": { "runAfter": { "CONFIG": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Compose", "inputs": [] }, "Init-varITTeamEmail": { "runAfter": { "Set-ExcludedSubscriptions": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "InitializeVariable", "inputs": { "variables": [ { "name": "varITTeamEmail", "type": "string", "value": "admin@contoso.onmicrosoft.com" } ] } }, "Init-varSenderEmail": { "runAfter": { "Init-varITTeamEmail": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "InitializeVariable", "inputs": { "variables": [ { "name": "varSenderEmail", "type": "string", "value": "admin@contoso.onmicrosoft.com" } ] } }, "Get-AllSubscriptions": { "runAfter": { "Init-varSenderEmail": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Http", "inputs": { "uri": "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions?api-version=2022-12-01", "method": "GET", "headers": { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, "authentication": { "type": "ManagedServiceIdentity", "audience": "https://management.azure.com" }, "retryPolicy": { "type": "fixed", "count": 3, "interval": "PT60S" } } }, "Parse-AllSubscriptions": { "runAfter": { "Get-AllSubscriptions": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "ParseJson", "inputs": { "content": "@body('Get-AllSubscriptions')", "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "subscriptionId": { "type": "string" }, "displayName": { "type": "string" }, "state": { "type": "string" } } } } } } } }, "Init-AllVMs": { "runAfter": { "Parse-AllSubscriptions": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "InitializeVariable", "inputs": { "variables": [ { "name": "AllVMs", "type": "array", "value": [] }, { "name": "VMSkipToken", "type": "string", "value": "INIT" }, { "name": "VMFetchComplete", "type": "boolean", "value": false } ] } }, "ForEach-Subscription": { "foreach": "@body('Parse-AllSubscriptions')?['value']", "actions": { "Check-SubscriptionEnabled": { "actions": { "Reset-VMSkipToken": { "type": "SetVariable", "inputs": { "name": "VMSkipToken", "value": "INIT" } }, "Reset-VMFetchComplete": { "runAfter": { "Reset-VMSkipToken": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "SetVariable", "inputs": { "name": "VMFetchComplete", "value": false } }, "Until": { "actions": { "Build-VMQuery-Paged": { "type": "Compose", "inputs": { "subscriptions": [ "@{items('ForEach-Subscription')?['subscriptionId']}" ], "query": "Resources | where type == 'microsoft.compute/virtualmachines' | extend VMName = tostring(name), ResourceGroup = tostring(resourceGroup), Location = tostring(location), OSType = tostring(properties.storageProfile.osDisk.osType), VMSize = tostring(properties.hardwareProfile.vmSize), ServerOwner = tostring(tags.ServerOwner), Environment = tostring(tags.Environment), SubscriptionId = tostring(subscriptionId), nicId = tolower(tostring(properties.networkProfile.networkInterfaces[0].id)), VmId = tolower(tostring(properties.vmId)) | join kind=leftouter (Resources | where type == 'microsoft.network/networkinterfaces' | extend privateIP = tostring(properties.ipConfigurations[0].properties.privateIPAddress) | project nicId = tolower(id), privateIP) on nicId | join kind=leftouter (Resources | where type == 'microsoft.compute/virtualmachines' | extend powerState = tostring(properties.extended.instanceView.powerState.displayStatus) | project id, powerState) on id | where powerState == 'VM running' | project VMName, ResourceGroup, Location, OSType, VMSize, ServerOwner, Environment = 'Azure', SubscriptionId, PrivateIP = privateIP, VmId, CloudEnvironment = 'Azure'", "options": { "$skipToken": "@if(equals(variables('VMSkipToken'), 'INIT'), '', variables('VMSkipToken'))" }, "$top": 1000 } }, "Get-VMs-Paged": { "runAfter": { "Build-VMQuery-Paged": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Http", "inputs": { "uri": "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.ResourceGraph/resources?api-version=2021-03-01", "method": "POST", "headers": { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, "body": "@outputs('Build-VMQuery-Paged')", "authentication": { "type": "ManagedServiceIdentity", "audience": "https://management.azure.com" } }, "runtimeConfiguration": { "contentTransfer": { "transferMode": "Chunked" } } }, "ForEach-VM-Result-Paged": { "foreach": "@body('Get-VMs-Paged')?['data']", "actions": { "Append-SingleVM-Paged": { "type": "AppendToArrayVariable", "inputs": { "name": "AllVMs", "value": "@items('ForEach-VM-Result-Paged')" } } }, "runAfter": { "Get-VMs-Paged": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Foreach" }, "Check-VMSkipToken": { "actions": { "Set-VMFetchComplete": { "type": "SetVariable", "inputs": { "name": "VMFetchComplete", "value": true } } }, "runAfter": { "ForEach-VM-Result-Paged": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "else": { "actions": { "Set-VMSkipToken": { "type": "SetVariable", "inputs": { "name": "VMSkipToken", "value": "@body('Get-VMs-Paged')?['$skipToken']" } } } }, "expression": { "or": [ { "equals": [ "@string(body('Get-VMs-Paged')?['$skipToken'])", "" ] } ] }, "type": "If" } }, "runAfter": { "Reset-VMFetchComplete": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "expression": "@equals(variables('VMFetchComplete'), true)", "limit": { "count": 50, "timeout": "PT1H" }, "type": "Until" } }, "else": { "actions": {} }, "expression": { "and": [ { "equals": [ "@items('ForEach-Subscription')?['state']", "Enabled" ] } ] }, "type": "If" } }, "runAfter": { "Init-AllVMs": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Foreach" }, "Init-MDEVariables": { "runAfter": { "ForEach-Subscription": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "InitializeVariable", "inputs": { "variables": [ { "name": "AllMDEDevices", "type": "array" }, { "name": "MDESkip", "type": "integer", "value": 0 }, { "name": "MDEFetchComplete", "type": "boolean", "value": false } ] } }, "Paginate-MDEDevices": { "actions": { "Get-MDEDevices-Page": { "type": "Http", "inputs": { "uri": "https://api.securitycenter.microsoft.com/api/machines?$select=computerDnsName,id,osPlatform,lastSeen,onboardingStatus,healthStatus,lastIpAddress&$top=10000&$skip=@{variables('MDESkip')}", "method": "GET", "headers": { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, "authentication": { "type": "ManagedServiceIdentity", "audience": "https://api.securitycenter.microsoft.com" }, "retryPolicy": { "type": "fixed", "count": 3, "interval": "PT60S" } }, "runtimeConfiguration": { "contentTransfer": { "transferMode": "Chunked" } } }, "Parse-MDEPage": { "runAfter": { "Get-MDEDevices-Page": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "ParseJson", "inputs": { "content": "@body('Get-MDEDevices-Page')", "schema": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "object", "properties": { "computerDnsName": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "id": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "osPlatform": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "lastSeen": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "onboardingStatus": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "healthStatus": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "lastIpAddress": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] }, "azureVmId": { "type": [ "string", "null" ] } } } } } } } }, "Append-MDEPage-ToArray": { "foreach": "@body('Parse-MDEPage')?['value']", "actions": { "Append-SingleMDEDevice": { "type": "AppendToArrayVariable", "inputs": { "name": "AllMDEDevices", "value": "@items('Append-MDEPage-ToArray')" } } }, "runAfter": { "Parse-MDEPage": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Foreach" }, "Check-PageSize": { "actions": { "Set-FetchComplete-True": { "type": "SetVariable", "inputs": { "name": "MDEFetchComplete", "value": true } } }, "runAfter": { "Append-MDEPage-ToArray": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "else": { "actions": { "Increment-MDESkip": { "type": "IncrementVariable", "inputs": { "name": "MDESkip", "value": 10000 } } } }, "expression": { "and": [ { "less": [ "@length(body('Parse-MDEPage')?['value'])", 10000 ] } ] }, "type": "If" } }, "runAfter": { "Init-MDEVariables": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "expression": "@equals(variables('MDEFetchComplete'), true)", "limit": { "count": 50, "timeout": "PT1H" }, "type": "Until" }, "Init-Variables": { "runAfter": { "Paginate-MDEDevices": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "InitializeVariable", "inputs": { "variables": [ { "name": "EmailsSent", "type": "array", "value": [] }, { "name": "NoOwnerList", "type": "array", "value": [] }, { "name": "NonCompliantList", "type": "array", "value": [] }, { "name": "SummaryStats", "type": "object", "value": { "TotalNonCompliant": 0, "P1Critical": 0, "P2High": 0, "P3Medium": 0, "P4Low": 0, "EmailsSent": 0, "NoOwnerFound": 0 } }, { "name": "HTMLRows", "type": "string" }, { "name": "NonCompliantCount", "type": "integer", "value": 0 }, { "name": "CSVRows", "type": "string", "value": "@{concat('\"VM Name\",\"Private IP\",\"OS Type\",\"Location\",\"Server Owner\",\"MDE Status\",\"Last Seen\",\"Priority\",\"Action Taken\",\"Subscription ID\"', decodeUriComponent('%0A'))}" }, { "name": "HTMLRowCount", "type": "integer", "value": 0 } ] } }, "ForEach-AzureVM": { "foreach": "@variables('AllVMs')", "actions": { "Find-VMInMDE-Filter": { "type": "Query", "inputs": { "from": "@variables('AllMDEDevices')", "where": "@or(and(not(equals(item()?['azureVmId'], null)), not(equals(item()?['azureVmId'], '')), equals(toLower(item()?['azureVmId']), toLower(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VmId']))), and(or(equals(item()?['azureVmId'], null), equals(item()?['azureVmId'], '')), startsWith(toLower(item()?['computerDnsName']), toLower(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName'])), equals(item()?['lastIpAddress'], items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'])))" } }, "Find-VMInMDE": { "runAfter": { "Find-VMInMDE-Filter": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Compose", "inputs": "@if(greater(length(body('Find-VMInMDE-Filter')), 0), first(body('Find-VMInMDE-Filter')), json('{\"computerDnsName\":\"NOT_FOUND\",\"onboardingStatus\":\"NotFound\",\"lastSeen\":\"1900-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\"lastIpAddress\":\"N/A\",\"healthStatus\":\"Unknown\"}'))" }, "Get-ComplianceStatus": { "runAfter": { "Find-VMInMDE": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Compose", "inputs": "@if(equals(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['computerDnsName'], 'NOT_FOUND'), 'Not Onboarded', if(equals(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['onboardingStatus'], 'Onboarded'), if(greater(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], addHours(utcNow(), mul(-1, outputs('CONFIG')?['MDE_LASTSEEN_HOURS']))), 'Compliant', 'Onboarded - Not Reporting'), 'Not Onboarded'))" }, "Get-Priority": { "runAfter": { "Get-ComplianceStatus": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Compose", "inputs": "@if(equals(outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus'), 'Not Onboarded'), 'P2 - High', if(equals(outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus'), 'Onboarded - Not Reporting'), 'P3 - Medium', if(equals(outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus'), 'Compliant'), 'Compliant', 'P4 - Low')))" }, "Is-NonCompliant": { "actions": { "Append-CSVRows": { "type": "AppendToStringVariable", "inputs": { "name": "CSVRows", "value": "\"@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName']}\",\"@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'], ''), 'N/A', items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'])}\",\"@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['OSType']}\",\"@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['Location']}\",\"@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner'], ''), 'No Owner Tag', items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner'])}\",\"@{outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus')}\",\"@{if(equals(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['onboardingStatus'], 'Onboarded'), if(equals(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], '1900-01-01T00:00:00Z'), 'Never', concat(convertTimeZone(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss'), ' (', string(div(sub(ticks(utcNow()), ticks(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'])), 864000000000)), ' days ago)')), concat(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['onboardingStatus'], ' - Last Seen: ', convertTimeZone(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss')))}\",\"@{outputs('Get-Priority')}\",\"@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner'], ''), 'IT Team Notified', 'Email sent to Server Owner')}\",\"@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['SubscriptionId']}\"@{decodeUriComponent('%0A')}" } }, "Check-HTMLRowCount": { "actions": { "Append-HTMLRows": { "type": "AppendToStringVariable", "inputs": { "name": "HTMLRows", "value": "<tr><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName']}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'], ''), 'N/A', items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'])}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['OSType']}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['Location']}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner'], ''), 'No Owner Tag', items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner'])}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;color:#c80000;\">@{outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus')}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{if(equals(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['onboardingStatus'], 'Onboarded'), if(equals(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], '1900-01-01T00:00:00Z'), 'Never', concat(convertTimeZone(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss'), ' (', string(div(sub(ticks(utcNow()), ticks(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'])), 864000000000)), ' days ago)')), concat(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['onboardingStatus'], ' - Last Seen: ', convertTimeZone(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss')))}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{outputs('Get-Priority')}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner'], ''), 'IT Team Notified', 'Email sent to Server Owner')}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-break:break-all;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['SubscriptionId']}</td></tr>" } }, "Increment-HTMLRowCount": { "runAfter": { "Append-HTMLRows": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "IncrementVariable", "inputs": { "name": "HTMLRowCount", "value": 1 } } }, "runAfter": { "Append-CSVRows": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "else": { "actions": {} }, "expression": { "and": [ { "less": [ "@variables('HTMLRowCount')", 20 ] } ] }, "type": "If" }, "Increment-NonCompliantCount": { "runAfter": { "Check-HTMLRowCount": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "IncrementVariable", "inputs": { "name": "NonCompliantCount", "value": 1 } }, "Check-ServerOwner": { "actions": { "Send-OwnerEmail": { "type": "Http", "inputs": { "uri": "@{concat('https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/', encodeURIComponent(variables('varSenderEmail')), '/sendMail')}", "method": "POST", "headers": { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, "body": { "message": { "subject": "[@{outputs('Get-Priority')}] MDE Compliance Alert - @{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName']}", "body": { "contentType": "HTML", "content": "<html><body style=\"font-family:Segoe UI,Arial,sans-serif;color:#1a1a1a;\"><div style=\"max-width:680px;margin:24px auto;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><div style=\"background:#c80000;padding:20px 28px;\"><h2 style=\"color:#fff;margin:0;\">MDE Compliance Alert</h2><p style=\"color:#ffcccc;margin:6px 0 0;font-size:13px;\">Priority: @{outputs('Get-Priority')}</p></div><div style=\"padding:28px;\"><p style=\"margin-top:0;font-size:14px;\">Your server <strong>@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName']}</strong> has a Microsoft Defender for Endpoint compliance issue requiring immediate attention.</p><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px;\"><thead><tr style=\"background:#f5f5f5;\"><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;width:38%;\">Field</th><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Server Name</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName']}</td></tr><tr style=\"background:#fafafa;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Private IP</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'], ''), 'N/A', items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'])}</td></tr><tr><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">OS Type</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['OSType']}</td></tr><tr style=\"background:#fafafa;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Location</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['Location']}</td></tr><tr><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Compliance Status</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;color:#c80000;font-weight:700;\">@{outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus')}</td></tr><tr style=\"background:#fafafa;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Priority</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:700;\">@{outputs('Get-Priority')}</td></tr><tr><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">MDE Onboarding Status</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['onboardingStatus']}</td></tr><tr style=\"background:#fafafa;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Last Seen in MDE (IST)</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{if(equals(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], '1900-01-01T00:00:00Z'), 'Never', concat(convertTimeZone(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'], 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss'), ' (', string(div(sub(ticks(utcNow()), ticks(outputs('Find-VMInMDE')?['lastSeen'])), 864000000000)), ' days ago)'))}</td></tr><tr><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Resource Group</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ResourceGroup']}</td></tr><tr style=\"background:#fafafa;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Subscription ID</td><td style=\"padding:9px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-break:break-all;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['SubscriptionId']}</td></tr></tbody></table><br/><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;\"><tr style=\"background:#fff8e1;\"><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ffe082;font-size:13px;\"><strong>Resolution SLA:</strong> P1 Critical - 24hrs | P2 High - 48hrs | P3 Medium - 72hrs</td></tr></table><br/><p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#555;\">For assistance contact IT Security: <a href=\"mailto:@{variables('varITTeamEmail')}\">@{variables('varITTeamEmail')}</a></p></div></div></body></html>" }, "toRecipients": [ { "emailAddress": { "address": "@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner']}" } } ], "ccRecipients": [ { "emailAddress": { "address": "@variables('varITTeamEmail')" } } ] }, "saveToSentItems": "true" }, "authentication": { "type": "ManagedServiceIdentity", "audience": "https://graph.microsoft.com" }, "retryPolicy": { "type": "fixed", "count": 2, "interval": "PT60S" } }, "runtimeConfiguration": { "contentTransfer": { "transferMode": "Chunked" } } }, "Append-EmailsSent": { "runAfter": { "Send-OwnerEmail": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "AppendToArrayVariable", "inputs": { "name": "EmailsSent", "value": "@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName']} → @{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner']}" } } }, "runAfter": { "Increment-NonCompliantCount": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "else": { "actions": { "Append-NoOwnerList": { "type": "AppendToArrayVariable", "inputs": { "name": "NoOwnerList", "value": "<tr><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">@{items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['VMName']}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{if(equals(items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'], ''), 'N/A', items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['PrivateIP'])}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">@{outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus')}</td><td style=\"padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:700;\">@{outputs('Get-Priority')}</td></tr>" } } } }, "expression": { "and": [ { "not": { "equals": [ "@items('ForEach-AzureVM')?['ServerOwner']", "" ] } } ] }, "type": "If" } }, "runAfter": { "Get-Priority": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "else": { "actions": {} }, "expression": { "and": [ { "not": { "equals": [ "@outputs('Get-ComplianceStatus')", "Compliant" ] } } ] }, "type": "If" } }, "runAfter": { "Init-Variables": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "type": "Foreach", "runtimeConfiguration": { "concurrency": { "repetitions": 1 } } }, "Check-AnyNonCompliant": { "actions": { "Send-ITSummaryEmail": { "type": "Http", "inputs": { "uri": "@{concat('https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/', encodeURIComponent(variables('varSenderEmail')), '/sendMail')}", "method": "POST", "headers": { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, "body": { "message": { "subject": "MDE Compliance Report (Azure Workloads) - @{variables('NonCompliantCount')} Non-Compliant VMs Found", "body": { "contentType": "HTML", "content": "<html><body style=\"font-family:Segoe UI,Arial,sans-serif;color:#1a1a1a;\"><div style=\"max-width:1400px;margin:24px auto;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:8px;\"><div style=\"background:#0078d4;padding:20px 28px;\"><h2 style=\"color:#fff;margin:0;\">MDE Compliance Daily Report</h2><p style=\"color:#cce4ff;margin:6px 0 0;font-size:13px;\">Generated: @{convertTimeZone(utcNow(), 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss')} IST</p></div><div style=\"padding:28px;\"><table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:28px;\"><thead><tr style=\"background:#f0f0f0;\"><th style=\"padding:10px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">Metric</th><th style=\"padding:10px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:9px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">Total Non-Compliant VMs</td><td style=\"padding:9px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:700;color:#c80000;\">@{variables('NonCompliantCount')}</td></tr><tr style=\"background:#fafafa;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">Server Owners Notified</td><td style=\"padding:9px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;color:#107c10;font-weight:600;\">@{length(variables('EmailsSent'))}</td></tr><tr><td style=\"padding:9px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;word-wrap:break-word;\">No Owner Tag</td><td style=\"padding:9px 18px;border:1px solid #ddd;color:#e65100;font-weight:600;\">@{length(variables('NoOwnerList'))}</td></tr></tbody></table><p style=\"background:#fff3cd;border:1px solid #ffc107;padding:10px 14px;border-radius:4px;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:16px;\">This report shows the first <strong>20 non-compliant VMs</strong> only. <strong>Please check the attached CSV file</strong> for the complete list.</p><table style=\"width:100%;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;\"><colgroup><col style=\"width:120px\"><col style=\"width:90px\"><col style=\"width:70px\"><col style=\"width:100px\"><col style=\"width:160px\"><col style=\"width:110px\"><col style=\"width:165px\"><col style=\"width:80px\"><col style=\"width:90px\"><col style=\"width:195px\"></colgroup><thead><tr style=\"background:#0078d4;color:#fff;\"><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">VM Name</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">Private IP</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">OS Type</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">Location</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">Server Owner</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">MDE Status</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">Last Seen (IST)</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">Priority</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">Action Taken</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #005a9e;\">Subscription ID</th></tr></thead><tbody>@{variables('HTMLRows')}</tbody></table><br/><h3 style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #e65100;padding-bottom:8px;\">Action Required - No Owner Tag Found</h3><div style=\"background:#fff8f0;border:1px solid #ffccbc;padding:16px;border-radius:4px;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:16px;\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0;\">The following <strong>@{length(variables('NoOwnerList'))}</strong> server(s) have no <strong>ServerOwner</strong> tag assigned.</p><ol style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;\"><li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\">Identify the owner of each server below</li><li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\">Go to the VM in Azure Portal → Tags → Add tag</li><li style=\"margin-bottom:6px;\"><strong>Tag Name:</strong> ServerOwner | <strong>Tag Value:</strong> owner email address</li><li>Once tagged, the next daily report will automatically notify the owner</li></ol></div><table style=\"width:100%;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;\"><thead><tr style=\"background:#e65100;color:#fff;\"><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #bf360c;text-align:left;\">VM Name</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #bf360c;text-align:left;\">Private IP</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #bf360c;text-align:left;\">MDE Status</th><th style=\"padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #bf360c;text-align:left;\">Priority</th></tr></thead><tbody>@{if(equals(length(variables('NoOwnerList')), 0), '<tr><td colspan=\"4\" style=\"padding:12px;text-align:center;\">None - All servers have owner tags assigned</td></tr>', join(variables('NoOwnerList'), ''))}</tbody></table></div></div></body></html>" }, "toRecipients": [ { "emailAddress": { "address": "@variables('varITTeamEmail')" } } ], "attachments": [ { "@@odata.type": "#microsoft.graph.fileAttachment", "name": "@{concat('MDE-Compliance-Report-', convertTimeZone(utcNow(), 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy'), '.csv')}", "contentType": "text/csv", "contentBytes": "@{base64(variables('CSVRows'))}" } ] }, "saveToSentItems": "true" }, "authentication": { "type": "ManagedServiceIdentity", "audience": "https://graph.microsoft.com" } }, "runtimeConfiguration": { "contentTransfer": { "transferMode": "Chunked" } } } }, "runAfter": { "ForEach-AzureVM": [ "Succeeded" ] }, "else": { "actions": { "Send-AllClearEmail": { "type": "Http", "inputs": { "uri": "@{concat('https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/', encodeURIComponent(variables('varSenderEmail')), '/sendMail')}", "method": "POST", "headers": { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, "body": { "message": { "subject": "[@{convertTimeZone(utcNow(), 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy')}] MDE Compliance Report - All VMs Compliant", "body": { "contentType": "HTML", "content": "<html><body style=\"font-family:Segoe UI,Arial,sans-serif;color:#1a1a1a;\"><div style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><div style=\"background:#107c10;padding:20px 28px;\"><h2 style=\"color:#fff;margin:0;\">MDE Compliance Report</h2><p style=\"color:#c8e6c9;margin:6px 0 0;font-size:13px;\">Generated: @{convertTimeZone(utcNow(), 'UTC', 'India Standard Time', 'dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss')} IST</p></div><div style=\"padding:28px;text-align:center;\"><h2 style=\"color:#107c10;\">All VMs Compliant</h2><p style=\"font-size:15px;color:#555;\">All Azure Virtual Machines are onboarded to Microsoft Defender for Endpoint and reporting within the required 24-hour window.</p><p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#888;\">No action required. The next report will be sent tomorrow at 08:00 IST.</p></div></div></body></html>" }, "toRecipients": [ { "emailAddress": { "address": "@variables('varITTeamEmail')" } } ] }, "saveToSentItems": "true" }, "authentication": { "type": "ManagedServiceIdentity", "audience": "https://graph.microsoft.com" } }, "runtimeConfiguration": { "contentTransfer": { "transferMode": "Chunked" } } } } }, "expression": { "and": [ { "greater": [ "@variables('NonCompliantCount')", 0 ] } ] }, "type": "If" } }, "parameters": { "$connections": { "type": "Object", "defaultValue": {} } } }, "parameters": { "$connections": { "type": "Object", "value": {} } } }Extracting and Auditing Azure DevOps Permissions at Scale with PowerShell
Managing access in Azure DevOps is easy at small scale — and increasingly opaque as organizations grow. This post introduces ADO Permissions Output, an open-source PowerShell toolset that queries Azure DevOps REST APIs across 30+ security namespaces, decodes bitmask permissions, resolves cryptic GUIDs and tokens into readable names, and produces structured JSON/CSV output ready for Power BI. It also surfaces "ghost" members — users who appear in ADO through nested Entra groups but hold no active entitlement — which the standard Graph API alone cannot detect. Whether you're preparing for a compliance review or just want to know who actually has access to what, this tool closes the gap between the ADO portal and a complete audit picture.
