Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) workloads all have a similar profile – high performance requirements, large capacity and oftentimes, high file counts, which result in high metadata. When datasets are as large and cumbersome as AI/ML datasets, it becomes as difficult to scale to meet their needs as it is to migrate these workloads where you need them. Because of the need for scale and data real estate, many workload owners are looking towards cloud providers like Microsoft Azure with Microsoft Machine Learning to fulfill their needs without breaking the bank in cost.
Azure NetApp Files is one way to address the unique requirements for an AI/ML/DL workload. Azure NetApp Files delivers a blend of high performance, massive scale and simple migration tools that enhance the AI/ML/DL use case by reducing job completion times and providing a way to save money by changing performance levels on the fly and automatically tiering inactive datasets to lower cost Azure storage.
In addition, Azure NetApp Files provides industry-leading snapshot technology for near-instantaneous backup and restore of critical datasets, as well as a fast, efficient method to create exact replicas of datasets across cloud regions in Azure for better data locality.
Azure NetApp Files also provides a way to quickly clone volumes to new volumes that can be reformatted, normalized and manipulated while preserving the original “gold-source” without having to physically migrate data.
Two possible use-cases are discussed: integration of Azure NetApp Files into training jobs, and integration of Azure NetApp Files into Azure Machine Learning Studio Notebooks. In this article you learn:
How to create an Azure NetApp Files account, capacity pool, and delegated subnet using the CLI
How to provision an Azure NetApp Files NFS volume using the CLI
How to create an Azure Machine learning studio workspace using the CLI
How to leverage a NFS volume for high performance AI model training
How to connect an NFS volume to an Azure Machine Learning notebook instance
Data scientists face several challenges today. They need to have access to high performance persistent data volumes to train machine learning models, while also needing to protect these critical datasets. They work with large amounts of data and need to instantly be able to consistently create data volumes that are exact replicas or previous versions of existing volumes. Azure NetApp Files, coupled with the Azure Machine Learning studio, inherently provide the functionality required by today’s data scientists.
The Azure Machine Learning studio is the web portal for data scientists in Azure Machine Learning. The studio combines no-code and code-first experiences for an inclusive data science platform. Azure NetApp Files is an enterprise-class, high-performance, metered file storage service. You can select service and performance levels, create capacity pools, volumes, and manage data protection. Azure NetApp Files supports many workload types and is highly available by design.
The integration of the Azure Machine Learning studio with Azure NetApp Files is possible in several ways. This article covers step by step configuration of two scenarios: leveraging high-performance storage for AI model training tasks, and provisioning Azure NetApp Files volumes with Azure Machine Learning notebooks for data persistency and protection.
Prepare the environment
This section describes how to prepare the Azure environment for both use cases covered in this article. It provides steps to set up your resource-group, networking, Azure NetApp Files, and Azure Machine Learning Studio.
Pre-requisites
You must have:
Microsoft Azure credentials that provide the necessary permissions to create resources. For example, a user account with Contributor role would suffice.
Ability to provision an Azure NetApp Files capacity pool
Network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning studio and Azure NetApp Files
Note on Connectivity
You must ensure network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning studio and Azure NetApp Files. For this guide we initialize the Azure Machine Learning studio compute instances and Azure NetApp Files volumes into the same Azure Virtual Network (VNet), separated into two subnets. Azure Machine Learning studio is deployed on one subnet. The second subnet is delegated to Azure NetApp Files.
Provision the working environment
This section describes how to deploy, configure, and connect Azure Machine Learning studio with Azure NetApp Files using the Azure Cloud Shell and CLI commands hosted at azureml-with-azure-netapp-files.
Although they are not covered in this aericle, you could also execute these steps using the Azure Portal.
Access Azure Cloud Shell and install extensions
Login to the Microsoft Azure Web-interface and open the Cloud Shell as shown below.
Login by entering:
user [~]$ az login Cloud Shell is automatically authenticated under the initial account signed-in with. Run 'az login' only if you need to use a different account To sign in, use a web browser to open the page https://microsoft.com/devicelogin and enter the code “Secure Code” to authenticate.
Install the following CLI extension from the Cloud Shell to allow provisioning Azure Machine Learning from the Cloud Shell. Register Azure NetApp files:
user [ ~ ]$az extension add --name ml user [ ~ ]$az provider register --namespace Microsoft.NetApp --wait
Setting variables
Create and set variables. Modify the values and location and names to what is applicable for your environment. Ensure the location selected supports Azure NetApp Files and ensure there is network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning Studio subnet and Azure NetApp Files delegated subnet. We use the below variables as an example throughout this article.
These variables are not persistent, if you log out of cloud shell you must re-initialize them.
# Resource group name rg='aml-anf-test' location='westeurope'
We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
(!) Note
When creating the capacity pool, the allocation size used here is 4 TiB (defined by “—size 4”). Although that might be a bit much for some customers, the extra space can provide advantages. Azure NetApp Files allows you to provision the speed of a volume independently from its size. Thus, you can provision the extra space’s speed to a smaller volume, and therefore possibly select a lower service level. Furthermore, the capacity pools can be shared with additional volumes for other workloads as required.
Provision Azure NetApp Files persistent storage with Azure Machine Learning studio for AI model training
After the working environment has been prepared, this section describes the steps to deploy an Azure Machine Learning environment using Azure NetApp Files for AI Model Training. It shows how to use Azure NetApp Files for persistent storage, deploy a compute cluster and run a training job. It also shows how to test and view performance results. It requires a script and yml files downloaded from github.
Prepare the repository
We have created a repository on github with yaml and python files to use for this setup and demonstration. To access the prepared YAML files, download the repository and unzip it as shown below. After it is unzipped, change directory to the new anf-with-azureml-main directory:
user [~ ]$ wget https://github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/archive/refs/heads/main.zip --2024-01-08 16:19:16-- https://github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/archive/refs/heads/main.zip Resolving github.com... 140.82.112.3 Connecting to github.com|140.82.112.3|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://codeload.github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/zip/refs/heads/main [following] --2024-01-08 16:19:16-- https://codeload.github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/zip/refs/heads/main
Resolving codeload.github.com... 140.82.113.10 Connecting to codeload.github.com|140.82.113.10|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [application/zip] Saving to: ‘main.zip’
From the directory, execute the environment YAML to create an Azure Machine Learning environment. The environment.yaml file uses a Dockerfile to create the environment. The Dockerfile uses an Azure Machine Learning ubuntu image as its base and adds the NFS driver, python libraries for our script, and fio for testing.
user [ ~/anf-with-azureml-main ]$ az ml environment create --file environment.yml Uploading environment (0.0 MBs): 100%|| 638/638 [00:00<00:00, 1260.22it/s] { "build": { "dockerfile_path": "Dockerfile", "path": "https://amlanfstoraged50e45d9af7.blob.core.windows.net/azureml-blobstore-xxx/LocalUpload/<number>/environment/" }, "creation_context": { "created_at": "2024-01-08T16:21:24.448106+00:00", "created_by": "user", "created_by_type": "User", "last_modified_at": "2024-01-08T16:21:24.448106+00:00", "last_modified_by": "user", "last_modified_by_type": "User" }, "description": "Environment with NFS drivers and a few Python libraries.", "id": "azureml:/subscriptions/<number>/resourceGroups/aml-anf-test/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/aml-anf/environments/python-base-nfs/versions/1", "name": "python-base-nfs", "os_type": "linux", "resourceGroup": "aml-anf-test", "tags": {}, "version": "1" }
Spin up an Azure Machine Learning compute cluster:
As soon as the cluster is ready, schedule a job which accesses the Azure NetApp Files volume. Train.yml will mount the VM to the Azure NetApp Files volume. You may need to change the train.yml file to mount to the correct mount path in your environment. Before executing the below command, be sure you are logged into the correct Azure account:
user [ ~/anf-with-azureml-main ]$ $ az ml job create -f train.yml --web Uploading code (0.0 MBs): 100%|| 134/134 [00:00<00:00, 19167.75it/s]
Failed to connect to MSI. Please make sure MSI is configured correctly. Get Token request returned: <Response [400]>
It may be due to inadequate authentication. Try:
az login
As seen below, train.yml mounts the Azure NetApp Files volume to /data. It then runs a small python script to emulate a real program and does storage benchmark that compares the speed of the compute clusters’ integrated storage on the directory /test to the speed of the attached Azure NetApp Files volume mounted to /data.
$ cat train.yml schema: https://azuremlschemas.azureedge.net/latest/commandJob.schema.json compute: azureml:cpu-cluster environment: azureml:python-base-nfs:1 code: code/ command: | mkdir /data mount -t nfs -o rw,hard,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,vers=3,tcp 10.0.2.4:/vol1 /data df -h python train.py # Run fio on NFS share cd /data fio –name=4krandomreads –rw=randread –direct=1 –ioengine=libaio –bs=4k –numjobs=4 –iodepth=128 –size=1G --runtime=60 –group_reporting # Run fio on local disk mkdir /test cd /test fio –name=4krandomreads –rw=randread –direct=1 –ioengine=libaio –bs=4k –numjobs=4 –iodepth=128 –size=1G --runtime=60 –group_reporting
The small Python script is being executed to emulate a program for training. For example, the Python script could contain the code to train for Natural Language Processing (NLP) or Object Detection model.
Training job results
To show the performance difference between using a local disk vs an Azure NetApp Files NFS share, return to the Azure GUI and navigate to the Azure Machine Learning view. There is a workspace with your defined name. If you used the same resource names used in this guide, the name will be “amf-anf”.
Next, select this workspace and you’ll see a screen similar to the screen below.
To see the results, proceed by clicking on the “Studio web URL” on the right. After opening Azure Machine Learning studio click on “Jobs” to the left. All the jobs which have run are displayed in the Azure Machine Learning studio.
Next, change the view from “All experiments” to “All jobs”. If you followed this document, there should be one job listed. Wait until the status of the job changes to “Completed”.
Then click on the job to get more information and options.
Next, select “Outputs + logs”, followed by a click on “user_logs”, and then select “std_log.txt” to see the results from the benchmark.
In the log you’ll see that Azure NetApp Files has almost twice the performance as the compute cluster’s integrated storage.
You can now delete the job and the compute cluster.
Provision Azure NetApp Files persistent storage with Azure Machine Learning Studio for Studio Notebooks
After the working environment has been prepared, this section describes the steps to deploy an Azure Machine Learning environment using Azure NetApp Files for persistent storage with studio notebooks.
Open the Azure Machine Learning studio. In case you have never accessed the Azure Machine Learning studio, follow the steps from Results of training job until the point where we access the results from the training job.
Click on “Compute”:
(!) Note
In case you followed all previous steps in the preceding section and did not delete the compute cluster, you will see your previously provisioned compute cluster under “Compute clusters”
Then select “+ New” from the “Compute instances” tab.
Give the compute instance a name of your choice. We call it “ANFTestCompute” in this example. Select a Virtual Machine size. For this demo, the least expensive instance is sufficient. Select “Next: ”.
(i) Important
Do not click on “Create” yet, but select “Next: ”.
Select your scheduling preference and hit “Next:” for the Security page.
In the “Security” tab, activate “Enable virtual network”, and select the VNet which we previously created. If you followed the guide, the VNet should be called “vnet (aml-anf-test)”.
Then select the subnet which has not been delegated to Azure NetApp Files. In our case this is called “aml”.
Now we can scroll through Applications, add any tags, and Review. click on “Create”.
Provisioning the compute instance will take a couple of minutes. Wait until the “State” of the instance becomes “Running” as shown below.
Configure the compute instance and download a dataset
Under Notebooks, click on the “Terminal” to connect to the Compute instance as shown below.
Install the nfs-common driver to allow nfs mounting onto the compute instance as shown below.
azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ sudo apt install nfs-common -y Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: ca-certificates-java cmake-data cuda-command-line-tools-11-1 cuda-command-line-tools-11-3 cuda-compiler-11-1 cuda-compiler-11-3 cuda-cudart-11-1 cuda-cudart-11-3 cuda-cudart-dev-11-1 cuda-cudart-dev-11-3 cuda-cuobjdump-11-1 cuda-cuobjdump-11-3 cuda-cupti-11-1 cuda-cupti-11-3 cuda-cupti-dev-11-1 cuda-cupti-dev-11-3 cuda-cuxxfilt-11-3 cuda-documentation-11-1 cuda-documentation-11-3 cuda-driver-dev-11-1 …
We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
Next, create a new folder and mount the Azure NetApp Files volume. Replace the mount path 10.0.2.4:/vol1 with the mount path of your Azure NetApp Files volume if necessary.
azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ mkdir data azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ sudo mount -t nfs -o rw,hard,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,vers=3,tcp 10.0.2.4:/vol1 /data
Your screen should now look like:
(!) Note
If the “data” folder is not shown on the left side, click on the “Refresh” button.
The titanic dataset established itself as the standard first data science project for emerging data scientists. Use this dataset as an example or a dataset of your choosing. Download the dataset to the Azure NetApp Files volume.
Click on the “Plus Button” on the left to create a new Jupyter/Azure Machine Learning Studio notebook.
Select “Create new file”.
For this example we call the Notebook “ANFNotebook”:
Click on “Create”.
From the Notebook we can now access the files on the Azure NetApp Files volume and build our models based on it. We entered the code seen below into the notebook. We ingest the titanic csv file into a pandas data frame to show access to data on Azure NetApp Files as an example.
Snapshots
Snapshots are a valuable tool for data science tasks to protect the data. They can also be used as an effective and space efficient way to version a data set. You can easily create a snapshot of Azure NetApp Files volumes by:
As an example, this article uses the Azure Cloud Shell to create and restore a snapshot.
Creating a snapshot using the Azure Cloud Shell
Open the Azure Cloud Shell and enter the following command. Replace the account name, resource group, pool name and volume name with the names of your resources. As an example, we are naming the snapshot “timeInPointCopy”:
For this example we will restore a snapshot to a new volume. This means a new volume with a new name will be created based on the selected snapshot, and the volume data will automatically be restored to this volume. Be sure there is adequate space left in the capacity pool or expand the capacity pool for this operation. You could also restore to a new capacity pool. In this case, we expanded our current capacity pool using the dropdown menu for the capacity pool pool1.
The below example's volume creation is based on the snapshot Setting variables and Provisioning of services. Additionally, we need to specify the new volume's name, the mount point, and the snapshot id. Replace these variables with values in your environment.
We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
More information on the az netappfiles volume create command can be found in the documentation.
(!) Note
Entering the command from above might be prone to errors, due to its length and the number of required details.
This operation might be easier to conduct using the Azure GUI.
Summary
In this article we described how we can make Azure training jobs and Azure Machine Learning studio notebooks use enterprise-grade high performance persistent storage backed by Azure NetApp Files volumes for training machine learning models and as persistent storage for studio notebooks. We also showed the ease in creating and restoring from snapshots using Azure NetApp Files. Get started with Azure NetApp Files today.
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This article describes how to provide enterprise grade high performance persistent storage with data protection capability for AI Model training tasks using studio compute instances with Azure NetApp Files (ANF).
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) workloads all have a similar profile – high performance requirements, large capacity and oftentimes, high file counts, which result in high metadata. When datasets are as large and cumbersome as AI/ML datasets, it becomes as difficult to scale to meet their needs as it is to migrate these workloads where you need them. Because of the need for scale and data real estate, many workload owners are looking towards cloud providers like Microsoft Azure with Microsoft Machine Learning to fulfill their needs without breaking the bank in cost.
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Azure NetApp Files is one way to address the unique requirements for an AI/ML/DL workload. Azure NetApp Files delivers a blend of high performance, massive scale and simple migration tools that enhance the AI/ML/DL use case by reducing job completion times and providing a way to save money by changing performance levels on the fly and automatically tiering inactive datasets to lower cost Azure storage.
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In addition, Azure NetApp Files provides industry-leading snapshot technology for near-instantaneous backup and restore of critical datasets, as well as a fast, efficient method to create exact replicas of datasets across cloud regions in Azure for better data locality.
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Azure NetApp Files also provides a way to quickly clone volumes to new volumes that can be reformatted, normalized and manipulated while preserving the original “gold-source” without having to physically migrate data.
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Two possible use-cases are discussed: integration of Azure NetApp Files into training jobs, and integration of Azure NetApp Files into Azure Machine Learning Studio Notebooks. In this article you learn:
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How to create an Azure NetApp Files account, capacity pool, and delegated subnet using the CLI
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How to provision an Azure NetApp Files NFS volume using the CLI
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How to create an Azure Machine learning studio workspace using the CLI
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How to leverage a NFS volume for high performance AI model training
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How to connect an NFS volume to an Azure Machine Learning notebook instance
Data scientists face several challenges today. They need to have access to high performance persistent data volumes to train machine learning models, while also needing to protect these critical datasets. They work with large amounts of data and need to instantly be able to consistently create data volumes that are exact replicas or previous versions of existing volumes. Azure NetApp Files, coupled with the Azure Machine Learning studio, inherently provide the functionality required by today’s data scientists.
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The Azure Machine Learning studio is the web portal for data scientists in Azure Machine Learning. The studio combines no-code and code-first experiences for an inclusive data science platform. Azure NetApp Files is an enterprise-class, high-performance, metered file storage service. You can select service and performance levels, create capacity pools, volumes, and manage data protection. Azure NetApp Files supports many workload types and is highly available by design.
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The integration of the Azure Machine Learning studio with Azure NetApp Files is possible in several ways. This article covers step by step configuration of two scenarios: leveraging high-performance storage for AI model training tasks, and provisioning Azure NetApp Files volumes with Azure Machine Learning notebooks for data persistency and protection.
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Prepare the environment
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This section describes how to prepare the Azure environment for both use cases covered in this article. It provides steps to set up your resource-group, networking, Azure NetApp Files, and Azure Machine Learning Studio.
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Pre-requisites
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You must have:
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Microsoft Azure credentials that provide the necessary permissions to create resources. For example, a user account with Contributor role would suffice.
Ability to provision an Azure NetApp Files capacity pool
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Network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning studio and Azure NetApp Files
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Note on Connectivity
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You must ensure network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning studio and Azure NetApp Files. For this guide we initialize the Azure Machine Learning studio compute instances and Azure NetApp Files volumes into the same Azure Virtual Network (VNet), separated into two subnets. Azure Machine Learning studio is deployed on one subnet. The second subnet is delegated to Azure NetApp Files.
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Provision the working environment
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This section describes how to deploy, configure, and connect Azure Machine Learning studio with Azure NetApp Files using the Azure Cloud Shell and CLI commands hosted at azureml-with-azure-netapp-files.
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Although they are not covered in this aericle, you could also execute these steps using the Azure Portal.
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Access Azure Cloud Shell and install extensions
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Login to the Microsoft Azure Web-interface and open the Cloud Shell as shown below.
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Login by entering:
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user [~]$ az login Cloud Shell is automatically authenticated under the initial account signed-in with. Run 'az login' only if you need to use a different account To sign in, use a web browser to open the page https://microsoft.com/devicelogin and enter the code “Secure Code” to authenticate.
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Install the following CLI extension from the Cloud Shell to allow provisioning Azure Machine Learning from the Cloud Shell. Register Azure NetApp files:
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user [ ~ ]$az extension add --name ml user [ ~ ]$az provider register --namespace Microsoft.NetApp --wait
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Setting variables
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Create and set variables. Modify the values and location and names to what is applicable for your environment. Ensure the location selected supports Azure NetApp Files and ensure there is network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning Studio subnet and Azure NetApp Files delegated subnet. We use the below variables as an example throughout this article.
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These variables are not persistent, if you log out of cloud shell you must re-initialize them.
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# Resource group name rg='aml-anf-test' location='westeurope'
We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
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(!) Note
When creating the capacity pool, the allocation size used here is 4 TiB (defined by “—size 4”). Although that might be a bit much for some customers, the extra space can provide advantages. Azure NetApp Files allows you to provision the speed of a volume independently from its size. Thus, you can provision the extra space’s speed to a smaller volume, and therefore possibly select a lower service level. Furthermore, the capacity pools can be shared with additional volumes for other workloads as required.
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Provision Azure NetApp Files persistent storage with Azure Machine Learning studio for AI model training
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After the working environment has been prepared, this section describes the steps to deploy an Azure Machine Learning environment using Azure NetApp Files for AI Model Training. It shows how to use Azure NetApp Files for persistent storage, deploy a compute cluster and run a training job. It also shows how to test and view performance results. It requires a script and yml files downloaded from github.
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Prepare the repository
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We have created a repository on github with yaml and python files to use for this setup and demonstration. To access the prepared YAML files, download the repository and unzip it as shown below. After it is unzipped, change directory to the new anf-with-azureml-main directory:
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user [~ ]$ wget https://github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/archive/refs/heads/main.zip --2024-01-08 16:19:16-- https://github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/archive/refs/heads/main.zip Resolving github.com... 140.82.112.3 Connecting to github.com|140.82.112.3|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://codeload.github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/zip/refs/heads/main [following] --2024-01-08 16:19:16-- https://codeload.github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/zip/refs/heads/main
Resolving codeload.github.com... 140.82.113.10 Connecting to codeload.github.com|140.82.113.10|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [application/zip] Saving to: ‘main.zip’
From the directory, execute the environment YAML to create an Azure Machine Learning environment. The environment.yaml file uses a Dockerfile to create the environment. The Dockerfile uses an Azure Machine Learning ubuntu image as its base and adds the NFS driver, python libraries for our script, and fio for testing.
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user [ ~/anf-with-azureml-main ]$ az ml environment create --file environment.yml Uploading environment (0.0 MBs): 100%|| 638/638 [00:00<00:00, 1260.22it/s] { \"build\": { \"dockerfile_path\": \"Dockerfile\", \"path\": \"https://amlanfstoraged50e45d9af7.blob.core.windows.net/azureml-blobstore-xxx/LocalUpload/<number>/environment/\" }, \"creation_context\": { \"created_at\": \"2024-01-08T16:21:24.448106+00:00\", \"created_by\": \"user\", \"created_by_type\": \"User\", \"last_modified_at\": \"2024-01-08T16:21:24.448106+00:00\", \"last_modified_by\": \"user\", \"last_modified_by_type\": \"User\" }, \"description\": \"Environment with NFS drivers and a few Python libraries.\", \"id\": \"azureml:/subscriptions/<number>/resourceGroups/aml-anf-test/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/aml-anf/environments/python-base-nfs/versions/1\", \"name\": \"python-base-nfs\", \"os_type\": \"linux\", \"resourceGroup\": \"aml-anf-test\", \"tags\": {}, \"version\": \"1\" }
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Spin up an Azure Machine Learning compute cluster:
As soon as the cluster is ready, schedule a job which accesses the Azure NetApp Files volume. Train.yml will mount the VM to the Azure NetApp Files volume. You may need to change the train.yml file to mount to the correct mount path in your environment. Before executing the below command, be sure you are logged into the correct Azure account:
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user [ ~/anf-with-azureml-main ]$ $ az ml job create -f train.yml --web Uploading code (0.0 MBs): 100%|| 134/134 [00:00<00:00, 19167.75it/s]
Failed to connect to MSI. Please make sure MSI is configured correctly. Get Token request returned: <Response [400]>
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It may be due to inadequate authentication. Try:
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az login
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As seen below, train.yml mounts the Azure NetApp Files volume to /data. It then runs a small python script to emulate a real program and does storage benchmark that compares the speed of the compute clusters’ integrated storage on the directory /test to the speed of the attached Azure NetApp Files volume mounted to /data.
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$ cat train.yml schema: https://azuremlschemas.azureedge.net/latest/commandJob.schema.json compute: azureml:cpu-cluster environment: azureml:python-base-nfs:1 code: code/ command: | mkdir /data mount -t nfs -o rw,hard,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,vers=3,tcp 10.0.2.4:/vol1 /data df -h python train.py # Run fio on NFS share cd /data fio –name=4krandomreads –rw=randread –direct=1 –ioengine=libaio –bs=4k –numjobs=4 –iodepth=128 –size=1G --runtime=60 –group_reporting # Run fio on local disk mkdir /test cd /test fio –name=4krandomreads –rw=randread –direct=1 –ioengine=libaio –bs=4k –numjobs=4 –iodepth=128 –size=1G --runtime=60 –group_reporting
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The small Python script is being executed to emulate a program for training. For example, the Python script could contain the code to train for Natural Language Processing (NLP) or Object Detection model.
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Training job results
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To show the performance difference between using a local disk vs an Azure NetApp Files NFS share, return to the Azure GUI and navigate to the Azure Machine Learning view. There is a workspace with your defined name. If you used the same resource names used in this guide, the name will be “amf-anf”.
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Next, select this workspace and you’ll see a screen similar to the screen below.
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To see the results, proceed by clicking on the “Studio web URL” on the right. After opening Azure Machine Learning studio click on “Jobs” to the left. All the jobs which have run are displayed in the Azure Machine Learning studio.
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Next, change the view from “All experiments” to “All jobs”. If you followed this document, there should be one job listed. Wait until the status of the job changes to “Completed”.
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Then click on the job to get more information and options.
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Next, select “Outputs + logs”, followed by a click on “user_logs”, and then select “std_log.txt” to see the results from the benchmark.
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In the log you’ll see that Azure NetApp Files has almost twice the performance as the compute cluster’s integrated storage.
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You can now delete the job and the compute cluster.
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Provision Azure NetApp Files persistent storage with Azure Machine Learning Studio for Studio Notebooks
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After the working environment has been prepared, this section describes the steps to deploy an Azure Machine Learning environment using Azure NetApp Files for persistent storage with studio notebooks.
Open the Azure Machine Learning studio. In case you have never accessed the Azure Machine Learning studio, follow the steps from Results of training job until the point where we access the results from the training job.
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Click on “Compute”:
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(!) Note
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In case you followed all previous steps in the preceding section and did not delete the compute cluster, you will see your previously provisioned compute cluster under “Compute clusters”
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Then select “+ New” from the “Compute instances” tab.
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Give the compute instance a name of your choice. We call it “ANFTestCompute” in this example. Select a Virtual Machine size. For this demo, the least expensive instance is sufficient. Select “Next: ”.
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(i) Important
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Do not click on “Create” yet, but select “Next: ”.
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Select your scheduling preference and hit “Next:” for the Security page.
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In the “Security” tab, activate “Enable virtual network”, and select the VNet which we previously created. If you followed the guide, the VNet should be called “vnet (aml-anf-test)”.
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Then select the subnet which has not been delegated to Azure NetApp Files. In our case this is called “aml”.
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Now we can scroll through Applications, add any tags, and Review. click on “Create”.
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Provisioning the compute instance will take a couple of minutes. Wait until the “State” of the instance becomes “Running” as shown below.
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Configure the compute instance and download a dataset
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Under Notebooks, click on the “Terminal” to connect to the Compute instance as shown below.
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Install the nfs-common driver to allow nfs mounting onto the compute instance as shown below.
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azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ sudo apt install nfs-common -y Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: ca-certificates-java cmake-data cuda-command-line-tools-11-1 cuda-command-line-tools-11-3 cuda-compiler-11-1 cuda-compiler-11-3 cuda-cudart-11-1 cuda-cudart-11-3 cuda-cudart-dev-11-1 cuda-cudart-dev-11-3 cuda-cuobjdump-11-1 cuda-cuobjdump-11-3 cuda-cupti-11-1 cuda-cupti-11-3 cuda-cupti-dev-11-1 cuda-cupti-dev-11-3 cuda-cuxxfilt-11-3 cuda-documentation-11-1 cuda-documentation-11-3 cuda-driver-dev-11-1 …
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We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
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Next, create a new folder and mount the Azure NetApp Files volume. Replace the mount path 10.0.2.4:/vol1 with the mount path of your Azure NetApp Files volume if necessary.
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azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ mkdir data azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ sudo mount -t nfs -o rw,hard,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,vers=3,tcp 10.0.2.4:/vol1 /data
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Your screen should now look like:
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(!) Note
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If the “data” folder is not shown on the left side, click on the “Refresh” button.
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The titanic dataset established itself as the standard first data science project for emerging data scientists. Use this dataset as an example or a dataset of your choosing. Download the dataset to the Azure NetApp Files volume.
Click on the “Plus Button” on the left to create a new Jupyter/Azure Machine Learning Studio notebook.
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Select “Create new file”.
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For this example we call the Notebook “ANFNotebook”:
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Click on “Create”.
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From the Notebook we can now access the files on the Azure NetApp Files volume and build our models based on it. We entered the code seen below into the notebook. We ingest the titanic csv file into a pandas data frame to show access to data on Azure NetApp Files as an example.
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Snapshots
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Snapshots are a valuable tool for data science tasks to protect the data. They can also be used as an effective and space efficient way to version a data set. You can easily create a snapshot of Azure NetApp Files volumes by:
As an example, this article uses the Azure Cloud Shell to create and restore a snapshot.
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Creating a snapshot using the Azure Cloud Shell
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Open the Azure Cloud Shell and enter the following command. Replace the account name, resource group, pool name and volume name with the names of your resources. As an example, we are naming the snapshot “timeInPointCopy”:
For this example we will restore a snapshot to a new volume. This means a new volume with a new name will be created based on the selected snapshot, and the volume data will automatically be restored to this volume. Be sure there is adequate space left in the capacity pool or expand the capacity pool for this operation. You could also restore to a new capacity pool. In this case, we expanded our current capacity pool using the dropdown menu for the capacity pool pool1.
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The below example's volume creation is based on the snapshot Setting variables and Provisioning of services. Additionally, we need to specify the new volume's name, the mount point, and the snapshot id. Replace these variables with values in your environment.
We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
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More information on the az netappfiles volume create command can be found in the documentation.
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(!) Note
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Entering the command from above might be prone to errors, due to its length and the number of required details.
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This operation might be easier to conduct using the Azure GUI.
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Summary
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In this article we described how we can make Azure training jobs and Azure Machine Learning studio notebooks use enterprise-grade high performance persistent storage backed by Azure NetApp Files volumes for training machine learning models and as persistent storage for studio notebooks. We also showed the ease in creating and restoring from snapshots using Azure NetApp Files. Get started with Azure NetApp Files today.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) workloads all have a similar profile – high performance requirements, large capacity and oftentimes, high file counts, which result in high metadata. When datasets are as large and cumbersome as AI/ML datasets, it becomes as difficult to scale to meet their needs as it is to migrate these workloads where you need them. Because of the need for scale and data real estate, many workload owners are looking towards cloud providers like Microsoft Azure with Microsoft Machine Learning to fulfill their needs without breaking the bank in cost.
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Azure NetApp Files is one way to address the unique requirements for an AI/ML/DL workload. Azure NetApp Files delivers a blend of high performance, massive scale and simple migration tools that enhance the AI/ML/DL use case by reducing job completion times and providing a way to save money by changing performance levels on the fly and automatically tiering inactive datasets to lower cost Azure storage.
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In addition, Azure NetApp Files provides industry-leading snapshot technology for near-instantaneous backup and restore of critical datasets, as well as a fast, efficient method to create exact replicas of datasets across cloud regions in Azure for better data locality.
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Azure NetApp Files also provides a way to quickly clone volumes to new volumes that can be reformatted, normalized and manipulated while preserving the original “gold-source” without having to physically migrate data.
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Two possible use-cases are discussed: integration of Azure NetApp Files into training jobs, and integration of Azure NetApp Files into Azure Machine Learning Studio Notebooks. In this article you learn:
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How to create an Azure NetApp Files account, capacity pool, and delegated subnet using the CLI
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How to provision an Azure NetApp Files NFS volume using the CLI
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How to create an Azure Machine learning studio workspace using the CLI
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How to leverage a NFS volume for high performance AI model training
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How to connect an NFS volume to an Azure Machine Learning notebook instance
Data scientists face several challenges today. They need to have access to high performance persistent data volumes to train machine learning models, while also needing to protect these critical datasets. They work with large amounts of data and need to instantly be able to consistently create data volumes that are exact replicas or previous versions of existing volumes. Azure NetApp Files, coupled with the Azure Machine Learning studio, inherently provide the functionality required by today’s data scientists.
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The Azure Machine Learning studio is the web portal for data scientists in Azure Machine Learning. The studio combines no-code and code-first experiences for an inclusive data science platform. Azure NetApp Files is an enterprise-class, high-performance, metered file storage service. You can select service and performance levels, create capacity pools, volumes, and manage data protection. Azure NetApp Files supports many workload types and is highly available by design.
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The integration of the Azure Machine Learning studio with Azure NetApp Files is possible in several ways. This article covers step by step configuration of two scenarios: leveraging high-performance storage for AI model training tasks, and provisioning Azure NetApp Files volumes with Azure Machine Learning notebooks for data persistency and protection.
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Prepare the environment
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This section describes how to prepare the Azure environment for both use cases covered in this article. It provides steps to set up your resource-group, networking, Azure NetApp Files, and Azure Machine Learning Studio.
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Pre-requisites
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You must have:
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Microsoft Azure credentials that provide the necessary permissions to create resources. For example, a user account with Contributor role would suffice.
Ability to provision an Azure NetApp Files capacity pool
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Network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning studio and Azure NetApp Files
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Note on Connectivity
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You must ensure network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning studio and Azure NetApp Files. For this guide we initialize the Azure Machine Learning studio compute instances and Azure NetApp Files volumes into the same Azure Virtual Network (VNet), separated into two subnets. Azure Machine Learning studio is deployed on one subnet. The second subnet is delegated to Azure NetApp Files.
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Provision the working environment
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This section describes how to deploy, configure, and connect Azure Machine Learning studio with Azure NetApp Files using the Azure Cloud Shell and CLI commands hosted at azureml-with-azure-netapp-files.
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Although they are not covered in this aericle, you could also execute these steps using the Azure Portal.
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Access Azure Cloud Shell and install extensions
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Login to the Microsoft Azure Web-interface and open the Cloud Shell as shown below.
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Login by entering:
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user [~]$ az login Cloud Shell is automatically authenticated under the initial account signed-in with. Run 'az login' only if you need to use a different account To sign in, use a web browser to open the page https://microsoft.com/devicelogin and enter the code “Secure Code” to authenticate.
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Install the following CLI extension from the Cloud Shell to allow provisioning Azure Machine Learning from the Cloud Shell. Register Azure NetApp files:
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user [ ~ ]$az extension add --name ml user [ ~ ]$az provider register --namespace Microsoft.NetApp --wait
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Setting variables
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Create and set variables. Modify the values and location and names to what is applicable for your environment. Ensure the location selected supports Azure NetApp Files and ensure there is network connectivity between Azure Machine Learning Studio subnet and Azure NetApp Files delegated subnet. We use the below variables as an example throughout this article.
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These variables are not persistent, if you log out of cloud shell you must re-initialize them.
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# Resource group name rg='aml-anf-test' location='westeurope'
We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
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(!) Note
When creating the capacity pool, the allocation size used here is 4 TiB (defined by “—size 4”). Although that might be a bit much for some customers, the extra space can provide advantages. Azure NetApp Files allows you to provision the speed of a volume independently from its size. Thus, you can provision the extra space’s speed to a smaller volume, and therefore possibly select a lower service level. Furthermore, the capacity pools can be shared with additional volumes for other workloads as required.
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Provision Azure NetApp Files persistent storage with Azure Machine Learning studio for AI model training
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After the working environment has been prepared, this section describes the steps to deploy an Azure Machine Learning environment using Azure NetApp Files for AI Model Training. It shows how to use Azure NetApp Files for persistent storage, deploy a compute cluster and run a training job. It also shows how to test and view performance results. It requires a script and yml files downloaded from github.
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Prepare the repository
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We have created a repository on github with yaml and python files to use for this setup and demonstration. To access the prepared YAML files, download the repository and unzip it as shown below. After it is unzipped, change directory to the new anf-with-azureml-main directory:
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user [~ ]$ wget https://github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/archive/refs/heads/main.zip --2024-01-08 16:19:16-- https://github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/archive/refs/heads/main.zip Resolving github.com... 140.82.112.3 Connecting to github.com|140.82.112.3|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://codeload.github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/zip/refs/heads/main [following] --2024-01-08 16:19:16-- https://codeload.github.com/prabuarjunan/anf-with-azureml/zip/refs/heads/main
Resolving codeload.github.com... 140.82.113.10 Connecting to codeload.github.com|140.82.113.10|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [application/zip] Saving to: ‘main.zip’
From the directory, execute the environment YAML to create an Azure Machine Learning environment. The environment.yaml file uses a Dockerfile to create the environment. The Dockerfile uses an Azure Machine Learning ubuntu image as its base and adds the NFS driver, python libraries for our script, and fio for testing.
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user [ ~/anf-with-azureml-main ]$ az ml environment create --file environment.yml Uploading environment (0.0 MBs): 100%|| 638/638 [00:00<00:00, 1260.22it/s] { \"build\": { \"dockerfile_path\": \"Dockerfile\", \"path\": \"https://amlanfstoraged50e45d9af7.blob.core.windows.net/azureml-blobstore-xxx/LocalUpload/<number>/environment/\" }, \"creation_context\": { \"created_at\": \"2024-01-08T16:21:24.448106+00:00\", \"created_by\": \"user\", \"created_by_type\": \"User\", \"last_modified_at\": \"2024-01-08T16:21:24.448106+00:00\", \"last_modified_by\": \"user\", \"last_modified_by_type\": \"User\" }, \"description\": \"Environment with NFS drivers and a few Python libraries.\", \"id\": \"azureml:/subscriptions/<number>/resourceGroups/aml-anf-test/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/aml-anf/environments/python-base-nfs/versions/1\", \"name\": \"python-base-nfs\", \"os_type\": \"linux\", \"resourceGroup\": \"aml-anf-test\", \"tags\": {}, \"version\": \"1\" }
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Spin up an Azure Machine Learning compute cluster:
As soon as the cluster is ready, schedule a job which accesses the Azure NetApp Files volume. Train.yml will mount the VM to the Azure NetApp Files volume. You may need to change the train.yml file to mount to the correct mount path in your environment. Before executing the below command, be sure you are logged into the correct Azure account:
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user [ ~/anf-with-azureml-main ]$ $ az ml job create -f train.yml --web Uploading code (0.0 MBs): 100%|| 134/134 [00:00<00:00, 19167.75it/s]
Failed to connect to MSI. Please make sure MSI is configured correctly. Get Token request returned: <Response [400]>
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It may be due to inadequate authentication. Try:
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az login
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As seen below, train.yml mounts the Azure NetApp Files volume to /data. It then runs a small python script to emulate a real program and does storage benchmark that compares the speed of the compute clusters’ integrated storage on the directory /test to the speed of the attached Azure NetApp Files volume mounted to /data.
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$ cat train.yml schema: https://azuremlschemas.azureedge.net/latest/commandJob.schema.json compute: azureml:cpu-cluster environment: azureml:python-base-nfs:1 code: code/ command: | mkdir /data mount -t nfs -o rw,hard,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,vers=3,tcp 10.0.2.4:/vol1 /data df -h python train.py # Run fio on NFS share cd /data fio –name=4krandomreads –rw=randread –direct=1 –ioengine=libaio –bs=4k –numjobs=4 –iodepth=128 –size=1G --runtime=60 –group_reporting # Run fio on local disk mkdir /test cd /test fio –name=4krandomreads –rw=randread –direct=1 –ioengine=libaio –bs=4k –numjobs=4 –iodepth=128 –size=1G --runtime=60 –group_reporting
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The small Python script is being executed to emulate a program for training. For example, the Python script could contain the code to train for Natural Language Processing (NLP) or Object Detection model.
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Training job results
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To show the performance difference between using a local disk vs an Azure NetApp Files NFS share, return to the Azure GUI and navigate to the Azure Machine Learning view. There is a workspace with your defined name. If you used the same resource names used in this guide, the name will be “amf-anf”.
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Next, select this workspace and you’ll see a screen similar to the screen below.
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To see the results, proceed by clicking on the “Studio web URL” on the right. After opening Azure Machine Learning studio click on “Jobs” to the left. All the jobs which have run are displayed in the Azure Machine Learning studio.
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Next, change the view from “All experiments” to “All jobs”. If you followed this document, there should be one job listed. Wait until the status of the job changes to “Completed”.
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Then click on the job to get more information and options.
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Next, select “Outputs + logs”, followed by a click on “user_logs”, and then select “std_log.txt” to see the results from the benchmark.
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In the log you’ll see that Azure NetApp Files has almost twice the performance as the compute cluster’s integrated storage.
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You can now delete the job and the compute cluster.
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Provision Azure NetApp Files persistent storage with Azure Machine Learning Studio for Studio Notebooks
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After the working environment has been prepared, this section describes the steps to deploy an Azure Machine Learning environment using Azure NetApp Files for persistent storage with studio notebooks.
Open the Azure Machine Learning studio. In case you have never accessed the Azure Machine Learning studio, follow the steps from Results of training job until the point where we access the results from the training job.
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Click on “Compute”:
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(!) Note
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In case you followed all previous steps in the preceding section and did not delete the compute cluster, you will see your previously provisioned compute cluster under “Compute clusters”
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Then select “+ New” from the “Compute instances” tab.
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Give the compute instance a name of your choice. We call it “ANFTestCompute” in this example. Select a Virtual Machine size. For this demo, the least expensive instance is sufficient. Select “Next: ”.
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(i) Important
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Do not click on “Create” yet, but select “Next: ”.
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Select your scheduling preference and hit “Next:” for the Security page.
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In the “Security” tab, activate “Enable virtual network”, and select the VNet which we previously created. If you followed the guide, the VNet should be called “vnet (aml-anf-test)”.
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Then select the subnet which has not been delegated to Azure NetApp Files. In our case this is called “aml”.
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Now we can scroll through Applications, add any tags, and Review. click on “Create”.
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Provisioning the compute instance will take a couple of minutes. Wait until the “State” of the instance becomes “Running” as shown below.
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Configure the compute instance and download a dataset
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Under Notebooks, click on the “Terminal” to connect to the Compute instance as shown below.
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Install the nfs-common driver to allow nfs mounting onto the compute instance as shown below.
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azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ sudo apt install nfs-common -y Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: ca-certificates-java cmake-data cuda-command-line-tools-11-1 cuda-command-line-tools-11-3 cuda-compiler-11-1 cuda-compiler-11-3 cuda-cudart-11-1 cuda-cudart-11-3 cuda-cudart-dev-11-1 cuda-cudart-dev-11-3 cuda-cuobjdump-11-1 cuda-cuobjdump-11-3 cuda-cupti-11-1 cuda-cupti-11-3 cuda-cupti-dev-11-1 cuda-cupti-dev-11-3 cuda-cuxxfilt-11-3 cuda-documentation-11-1 cuda-documentation-11-3 cuda-driver-dev-11-1 …
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We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
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Next, create a new folder and mount the Azure NetApp Files volume. Replace the mount path 10.0.2.4:/vol1 with the mount path of your Azure NetApp Files volume if necessary.
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azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ mkdir data azureuser@anftestcompute:~/cloudfiles/code/Users/user$ sudo mount -t nfs -o rw,hard,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,vers=3,tcp 10.0.2.4:/vol1 /data
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Your screen should now look like:
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(!) Note
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If the “data” folder is not shown on the left side, click on the “Refresh” button.
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The titanic dataset established itself as the standard first data science project for emerging data scientists. Use this dataset as an example or a dataset of your choosing. Download the dataset to the Azure NetApp Files volume.
Click on the “Plus Button” on the left to create a new Jupyter/Azure Machine Learning Studio notebook.
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Select “Create new file”.
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For this example we call the Notebook “ANFNotebook”:
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Click on “Create”.
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From the Notebook we can now access the files on the Azure NetApp Files volume and build our models based on it. We entered the code seen below into the notebook. We ingest the titanic csv file into a pandas data frame to show access to data on Azure NetApp Files as an example.
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Snapshots
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Snapshots are a valuable tool for data science tasks to protect the data. They can also be used as an effective and space efficient way to version a data set. You can easily create a snapshot of Azure NetApp Files volumes by:
As an example, this article uses the Azure Cloud Shell to create and restore a snapshot.
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Creating a snapshot using the Azure Cloud Shell
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Open the Azure Cloud Shell and enter the following command. Replace the account name, resource group, pool name and volume name with the names of your resources. As an example, we are naming the snapshot “timeInPointCopy”:
For this example we will restore a snapshot to a new volume. This means a new volume with a new name will be created based on the selected snapshot, and the volume data will automatically be restored to this volume. Be sure there is adequate space left in the capacity pool or expand the capacity pool for this operation. You could also restore to a new capacity pool. In this case, we expanded our current capacity pool using the dropdown menu for the capacity pool pool1.
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The below example's volume creation is based on the snapshot Setting variables and Provisioning of services. Additionally, we need to specify the new volume's name, the mount point, and the snapshot id. Replace these variables with values in your environment.
We reduced the output of certain fields indicated by “…” for readability.
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More information on the az netappfiles volume create command can be found in the documentation.
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(!) Note
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Entering the command from above might be prone to errors, due to its length and the number of required details.
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This operation might be easier to conduct using the Azure GUI.
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Summary
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In this article we described how we can make Azure training jobs and Azure Machine Learning studio notebooks use enterprise-grade high performance persistent storage backed by Azure NetApp Files volumes for training machine learning models and as persistent storage for studio notebooks. We also showed the ease in creating and restoring from snapshots using Azure NetApp Files. Get started with Azure NetApp Files today.
This article describes how to provide enterprise grade high performance persistent storage with data protection capability for AI Model training tasks using studio compute instances with Azure NetApp Files (ANF).
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