Windows 11 23H2 → 25H2 in-place upgrade fails in SAFE_OS / MIGRATE_DATA

I'm trying to in-place upgrade a Windows 11 23H2 system to 25H2 and consistently get a rollback in the SAFE_OS / MIGRATE_DATA phase with 0x8007042B – 0x2000D. After a lot of analysis (Panther logs, S...