Why do all my windows jump to the main monitor after waking from sleep?

Why do all my open windows suddenly move to my primary monitor after my Windows 11 PC wakes from sleep, even though I arranged them across two or three displays before? Why does it only happen after sleep and not after a normal restart, and why does it sometimes put windows partly off-screen?

Is this caused by a display driver issue, a problem with monitor detection on wake, or a setting in the graphics control panel? And is there a way to keep window positions from resetting every time the PC sleeps?