Install error - 0x800f081f for (KB5016632) 2022-08 Cumulative Update

In my case it was a corrupted user profile left in registry.

To check if that is your problem:

•  Open the log file found at "C:\$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Panther\setupact.log".
• Search for "Found valid profile but can't get user credentials."
• If there is such message, grab SSID (profile id) mentioned.
• Open registry (Windows key+R, then regedit and press ENTER)
• Navigate to Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList\
• Find the SSID mentioned.
  Important step: Verify that this is duplicate that needs to be deleted.
• Open CMD (Windows key+R, then cmd, select Run as administrator and press ENTER)
• Type "wmic useraccount get name,sid".
• Verify that the above SSID is not in the list (hence not used).
• If the answer is yes, then SSID mentioned in the log needs to be removed from the registry, but before that it would be good to do the backup or create a restore point. To create a restore point press windows key, type "create restore point" (without quotes) and follow the wizard. The same procedure is used for backup, but in that case search for "Windows backup".
• When the above precaution steps are completed it is safe to delete the corrupted SSID.
• Select Registry where the corrupted SSID is selected.
• Press key DEL and confirm removal.
• Finally, run the update again.