How can i recognize a Quality from Feature update without using an OS?

These are large, major upgrades that typically include new features, UI changes, and significant system modifications. They are usually released twice a year (e.g., Windows 11 version 21H2, 22H2).

If you have access to the Windows Update log files or can connect the drive to another system, you can also analyze the update history there, but that requires booting into some environment.