Windows 10: Empty blue screen upon logging in

Hello,

I don't know why, but whenever my laptop with Windows 10 reboots, right after signing in, the very first thing that shows up every time, before even the desktop has the chance to show up or any program can load, is an empty blue screen. It's not the BSOD, but a screen with a blue background similar to the one that appears sometimes after Windows Update installs some updates and Windows asks you to set something up, except that this one doesn't have any text image. Two buttons are available on the bottom: "Repeat" and "Cancel". If I hit "Repeat", it seems the system tries to do something – the rotating loading circles and the words "One moment..." appear very briefly in the center of the screen, but nothing happens and the screen goes blue again with no text. I tried to do this multiple time, but nothing different happens. On the bottom of the screen there are also icons to access accessibility options ("Ease of Access") and audio volume. If you hit "Cancel", the screen disappears, I'm taken to the desktop screen, and the startup process continues normally, with programs opening, etc.

Here's how this annoying screen looks:

It seems harmless enough, seeing as the solution is simply to hit "Cancel" every time, but the problem is that this laptop is being used as a file server and should be as autonomous as possible, and whenever it starts up, it should be able to complete the whole sign in process unattended to be able to load programs and everything, so I would like to check if anyone has any idea what this screen is and how to get rid of it. I tried restoring Windows to a previous state (from up to 1 month ago) and it didn't solve the problem. Searching the web for similar cases also haven't gotten me anywhere, unfortunately, so any help is appreciated.

Thanks,

Fabio