JSON Statement Help

eenochs-turner In the below code i could see two things which might need to be corrected 

"color": "if=([$EMR_x0020_Effective_x0020_Date] == ' ' && [$EMR_x0020_Effective_x0020_Date] +31556952000 <= @now, '#ff0000', '#000000')"

1. Your are using && operator instead of || 
2. You are trying to set color for a text which is blank which will never happen

If you want to achieve something like this I will write something like this:

{
  "$schema": "https://developer.microsoft.com/json-schemas/sp/column-formatting.schema.json",
  "elmType": "div",
  "attributes": {
    "class": "=if(toString([$Date]) =='','sp-field-severity--severeWarning',if([$Date] <= @now-31556952000,'sp-field-severity--severeWarning', ''))"
  },
  "children": [
    {
      "elmType": "span",
      "style": {
        "display": "inline-block",
        "padding": "0 4px"
      }
    },
    {
      "elmType": "span",
      "txtContent": "@currentField"
    }
  ]
}

 Hope this helps!