Data bars

That's a good solution SergeiBaklan and with the right format you can show the Data Bar values

and it is flexible if you use a different percent range

h_christo1 you could add an other 4 Conditional Format rules to overlay the text:

like this: 

For the new Conditional format rule, select the "Use a formula to determine which cells to format"

Set the formula as:

=B2="0-25%"

=B2="25-50%"

=B2="50-75%"

=B2=75-100%"

Set the Format Cells using the "Number" tab and Category = Custom

The Type for each rule is entered as

"0-25%"

"25-50%"

"50-75%"

"75-100%"

To give these 4 new rules

If you do not see the text, then check the Data Bar rule has not got the "Show Bar Only" selected

When you do not want to have a both the column with the "0-25%"... and the progress bar, you could consider putting a single values instead of the percent ranges.

Here for example 

B14:17 are blank

C14 = 25

C15 = 50

C16 = 75

C17 =100

then the conditional formatting rules are: 

with the Data Bar simplified to

When you use this solution you can also add "Data Validation" as a list to only allow the values 25, 50, 75 & 100 in these cells and prevent anyone form entering an invalid value.