In general you may filter the chart independently from data source, but not the scatter one. If to separate data for the chart from the source table, Advanced filter shall work, but I'd prefer to do that through data model. In any case Refresh All will be required in case of changes.

We may add data to data model from Power Pivot menu

or if it's not activated by creating dummy PivotTable with adding data to data model.

Next, form Data->Existing Connections let select the table

and put it in desired place in the workbook. Now we may build the chart based on this table applying to it filter independently on data source

The question is how to apply filters. That could be direct filtering of the second table, slicers or some parameters defined in another range/table of the sheet. With the latest we may add them also into the data model and returned the second table not as the copy of the source, but as result of DAX expression evaluation which builds resulting table taking parameters into account.

Forum Discussion

Create a chart based on a subset of the data in a table