Which partner role to use making a business apps claim in Partner Center?

SuperNeil I don't think there's one role that covers all. I believe you'll need to do multiple claims to get what you want. 

To earn money on the EA you'll need the "Build Intent - Advisor" role. This is the only CPOR claim where you can earn an incentive/rebate on EAs. But do note that you need to claim this within 120 days of the customer purchasing their EA. Since you've been working with them for a few years, I doubt you'll still earn an incentive, but worth a try.

Maybe for their next purchase in their EA you'll earn an incentive as it's based on customer license growth (High-Water Mark). Eg; if the customer has 50 licenses now, and increases those to 60 licenses, you'll get a one-time incentive for those 10 new licenses. 

For revenue/usage recognition, which will count for your partner points / designation status, you need the "Usage recognition" and "Influenced Revenue recognition" roles. Though these do not earn any money, this is just for the partner points. 

An additional step you can take to earn an incentive for the Power Platform licenses, you'll need to do a Partner Admin Link (PAL) registration. Actually not 100% sure if this also helps with partner points or not. 

In short: 

• Build intent - Advisor = OSA incentive, earn money based on license growth. See "Biz Apps Presales Advisor incentives (prev. OSA)" in the incentives guide for more details.
• Partner activities = does not relate to license recognition, but for fundings. See "Partner Activity Pre-Sales & Post-Sales" in the incentives guide for more details. 
• Usage recognition - Non-Incentivized = OSU incentive, though does not actually earn an incentive, only get recognition for license usage (adoption points). 
• Influenced Revenue recognition - Non-Incentivized = this is for getting recognition of the license purchase (growth points). Though also does not earn any money. 
• Partner Admin Link = earn incentives for Power Platform licenses. See "Power Apps and Power Automate Usage Incentive" in the incentives guide for more details. 

Hope it helps a bit for getting a healthy and happy life