File Explorer in Windows 11 does not show text under buttons. This is confusing for older people.

I suspect it's confusing for everyone, but I'm older, so what would I know.  I only program computers.

Back to the issue: I have a better solution than offering an option to show either hieroglyphics or both hieroglyphics + text: offer a third solution to show only text.  The hieroglyphics add nothing for me, or--I suspect--for anyone who wants text labels.

As for the problem of having too many actions crammed into one list, how about this: Have a top level choice, maybe call it "Edit"; under that you could have "Copy", "Paste", "Cut", and then maybe a "More...".  Clicking on the "More" (or for Old Fogies like me, using the keyboard to navigate there) would bring up these other choices.  Or some of the other choices might better go under some other top-level item, maybe call it "Tools".

There remains the question of what to call these new-fangled ways of interacting with one's computer.  I'd suggest we use the word "menu".  You'll have to admit, in some ways "menu" makes more sense than "ribbon".

I know, this is radically new.  Who on earth would read text labels?  Who would use their keyboard to navigate these things, rather than a mouse?  But it's worth a try, IMHO.  And don't stop at the File Manager, try these funky menus out in Word and other Microsoft products.