I can't remove old devices

Hi,
In the Windows 11 settings panel (Accounts > Linked devices), I have two devices. One is an old Windows installation from my current laptop, before I added RAM, and the other is a laptop I sold six months ago. The current version of my laptop isn't listed there. I wanted to remove these devices. But when I click "Remove device," it takes me to my account page and I get the error TraceID: /p0VbM8UCUugzS4/.28.135 with an image of a melted orange ice cream. However, on the MS website, I don't have a single device listed in my account, not even the current one. The problem has been occurring for several months now, after I've reinstalled the system twice. I previously had version 24H2, and now I have version 25H2.