Dell Latitude 5285 running Win11 keeps crashing with a blue screen, error code CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED

The device is a Dell Latitude 5285. It repeatedly experiences blue screens while running Windows 11, with the stop code CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED. This issue occurs frequently in Normal Mode but does not occur in Safe Mode

Troubleshooting steps attempted:

Ran DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth; completed.

Ran sfc /scannow; no integrity conflicts were found.

Ran chkdsk C: /scan; no issues were found with the file system.

Performed a clean boot, disabling all non-Microsoft services and startup items; the blue screen still occurs.

The system has generated a mini-dump file: C:\Windows\Minidump\081226-9625-01.dmp.

In Device Manager, the USB Root Hub (USB 3.0) displays error code 43, but it has not yet been confirmed to be directly related to the blue screen.

Wireless network adapter model: Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-AC 8265.