System crashes and Blue Screen of Death errors

Frequent blue screens after cleaning and repasting should be diagnosed from the stop information rather than masked with power-plan or fan settings. Record the exact stop code and any named driver, then review Reliability Monitor and the newest Minidump files. Install current Windows updates, BIOS or firmware, chipset, storage, graphics, and network drivers from the system manufacturer. Remove recently added hardware or software and return BIOS settings, memory profiles, undervolting, and overclocking to defaults. Test in Safe Mode or a clean boot to isolate third-party drivers and services, then run Windows memory and manufacturer storage diagnostics. IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL often involves drivers or memory, while WHEA errors more strongly indicate hardware or firmware. Do not disable thermal protection or use aggressive fan software as a workaround. If crashes continue at default settings with current drivers, preserve the dumps and have the suspected component professionally tested.