easy way to troubleshoot configurations?

Honestly David, troubleshhoting custom Windows 10 policies/profiles in the admin UI is not going to provide you much of a hint of what's wrong. Not yet anyway.

The best way to troubleshoot these custom OMA-URIs is to do so on the client. Export the MDM XML file from "Add Work or School" settings -> Related Settings. Export the XML to html or better yet test your custom profiles using the latest Insider build and it will do it for you. Look for the OMA-URI aka CSP and make sure it is applying the correct value. If it is missing or the value is not correct, more than likely it is not supported on that OS edition or build. Of course, the obvious reason is because the OMA-URI was not entered in correctly or using the incorrect value.

Also, if the custom OMA-URIs are really that important, I would provide https://microsoftintune.uservoice.com/forums/291681-ideas for the Intune product team to just make it a simple toggle switch to enable them. That way it can be clearly documented what OS it supports and more. Also, if the OMA-URIs ever change for newer builds, Microsoft will proactively change it. Less head straching when errors start to occurr after an update.