Azure VM Networking Components Real Case Scenario

📌 Public IP 📌 

🔹 Public IPs allow internet-based services to reach Azure resources, such as web applications hosted on VMs or Azure App Services.
🔹 Azure resources can use Public IPs to communicate with external services, ensuring connectivity for APIs, databases, and other cloud-based applications.
🔹 Public IPs can be assigned as static (fixed address) or dynamic (changes over time). Static IPs are ideal for services requiring a consistent address, while dynamic IPs are useful for temporary workloads.

📌 Azure Load Balancer (External / Internal) 📌

🔹 Distributes Internet Traffic – Balances incoming requests from the internet across multiple backend resources.
🔹 Balances Private Network Traffic – Distributes requests within an Azure Virtual Network (VNet).
🔹 Supports Multi-Tier Architectures – Ideal for backend services like databases and application layers.
🔹 Enhances Availability – Ensures high availability by routing traffic to healthy instances.
🔹 Provides Outbound Connectivity – Enables Azure VMs to communicate with external services using NAT.

📌 VNET Subnets Segmentation  📌

🔹 Web Subnet – Contains two VMs, each with a Network Interface Card (NIC) and is protected by a Network Security Group (NSG) to filter traffic based on rules.
🔹 App Subnet – Similar to the Web Subnet, hosting two VMs with NICs and NSGs, but uses an internal load balancer to balance traffic within the subnet.
🔹 Data Subnet – Also includes two VMs with NICs and NSGs, leveraging an internal load balancer for optimized traffic management.
🔹 Gateway Subnet – Hosts the VPN Gateway, ensuring connectivity between on-premises networks and Azure.

📌 Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs)📌

🔹 Traffic Filtering – NSGs allow or deny inbound and outbound traffic based on defined security rules.
🔹 Granular Control – Rules can be applied at the subnet or network interface level for precise traffic management.
🔹 Default Security Rules – Azure provides built-in rules to ensure basic security, which can be overridden with custom rules.
🔹 Priority-Based Processing – Rules are evaluated in order of priority (100-4096), with lower numbers processed first.
🔹 Supports Service Tags – Simplifies rule management by using predefined tags like Internet, VirtualNetwork, and AzureLoadBalancer.

📌 Azure VPN Gateway 📌

🔹 Secure Connectivity – Establishes encrypted connections between Azure Virtual Networks (VNets) and on-premises networks.
🔹 Site-to-Site VPN – Enables secure communication between an on-premises network and Azure using IPsec/IKE VPN tunnels.
🔹 Point-to-Site VPN – Allows individual devices to securely connect to Azure from remote locations using OpenVPN, IKEv2, or SSTP.
🔹 VNet-to-VNet Connectivity – Facilitates secure communication between multiple Azure VNets.
🔹 ExpressRoute Failover – Provides a backup connection for ExpressRoute in case of failure.
🔹 High Availability – Supports active-active configurations for redundancy and reliability.

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