A Beginner's Guide To Role-Based Access Control on Azure.
When creating access to systems, applications and environments it's important to keep security top of mind. Even working at a rapid pace it's important to consider what credentials and access we give to a resource. Examples of this kind of administration of roles could be access to a Windows Server or providing pull access to a Docker image from an Azure Kubernetes Cluster. These types of actions require some form of authentication and authorization in order to provide access. This guide provides you some information on getting started on understanding Azure RBAC with many of the articles you can find on Microsoft Docs and Microsoft Learn. Defining the difference Authorization and Authentication are the cornerstones of security for computing. Before we dig into examples, let's just define the words from Webster's dictionary. Authentication: an act, process, or method of showing something (such as an identity, a piece of art, or a financial transaction) to be real, true, or genuine : the act or process of authenticating something Authorization: The granting of power to perform various acts or duties To think about this in a practical sense, consider the hierarcy of a Wordpress CMS set of user roles. From Wordpress Docs, Summary of Roles Super Admin – somebody with access to the site network administration features and all other features. See the Create a Network article. Administrator – somebody who has access to all the administration features within a single site. Editor – somebody who can publish and manage posts including the posts of other users. Author – somebody who can publish and manage their own posts. Contributor – somebody who can write and manage their own posts but cannot publish them. Subscriber – somebody who can only manage their profile. When a user authenticates into Wordpress, the SQL database where user roles are stored then determines what rights the user will have when logged in. The Administrator user may be responsible for maintenance of plug-ins for the website. The admin would like to avoid users who are not part of the website maintenance plan to be able to install, delete or modify any of the plug-ins. By ensuring all of these users have a role that does not permit these rights, our website remains more reliable due to unplanned maintenance. The contributor role appears to be what's right: Contributor #Contributor delete_posts edit_posts read read Reusable Blocks In this case, the contributor role for someone who may be just posting new content update may make sense due to the specific set of roles the user is authorized to do. RBAC for Azure Role-Based Authentication (RBAC) is an authorization system built on Azure Resource Manager that provides fine-grained access management of Azure resources. Access management via RBAC on Azure allows you to better control the scope of what your users and applications can access along with what they authorized to do. What can I do with RBAC? Here are some examples of what you can do with RBAC: Allow one user to manage virtual machines in a subscription and another user to manage virtual networks Allow a DBA group to manage SQL databases in a subscription Allow a user to manage all resources in a resource group, such as virtual machines, websites, and subnets Allow an application to access all resources in a resource group Fundamentals The way you control access to resources using RBAC is to create role assignments. This is a key concept to understand – it's how permissions are enforced. A role assignment consists of three elements: security principal, role definition, and scope. User - An individual who has a profile in Azure Active Directory. You can also assign roles to users in other tenants. For information about users in other organizations, see Azure Active Directory B2B. Group - A set of users created in Azure Active Directory. When you assign a role to a group, all users within that group have that role. Service principal - A security identity used by applications or services to access specific Azure resources. You can think of it as a user identity (username and password or certificate) for an application. Managed identity - An identity in Azure Active Directory that is automatically managed by Azure. You typically use managed identities when developing cloud applications to manage the credentials for authenticating to Azure services. Azure RBAC roles Azure includes several built-in roles that you can use. The following lists four fundamental built-in roles. The first three apply to all resource types. Owner - Has full access to all resources including the right to delegate access to others. Contributor - Can create and manage all types of Azure resources but can't grant access to others. Reader - Can view existing Azure resources. User Access Administrator - Lets you manage user access to Azure resources. Different Azure resources also have built in roles to ensure secure access. By using RBAC we can ensure our DBA can log just into the development and UAT of our Azure SQL Database managed instances. We can assign them them with a the built in SQL Managed Instance Contributor role. This role permits users to manage SQL servers and databases, but not access to them, and not their security-related policies. How RBAC determines if a user has access to a resource The following are the high-level steps that RBAC uses to determine if you have access to a resource on the management plane. This is helpful to understand if you are trying to troubleshoot an access issue. A user (or service principal) acquires a token for Azure Resource Manager. The token includes the user's group memberships (including transitive group memberships). The user makes a REST API call to Azure Resource Manager with the token attached. Azure Resource Manager retrieves all the role assignments and deny assignments that apply to the resource upon which the action is being taken. Azure Resource Manager narrows the role assignments that apply to this user or their group and determines what roles the user has for this resource. Azure Resource Manager determines if the action in the API call is included in the roles the user has for this resource. If the user doesn't have a role with the action at the requested scope, access is not granted. Otherwise, Azure Resource Manager checks if a deny assignment applies. If a deny assignment applies, access is blocked. Otherwise access is granted. Next Steps You may want to learn more and get started you've got so many resources. Check out these links: What is role-based access control (RBAC) for Azure resources? Create custom roles for Azure resources with role-based access control (RBAC) Get $200 in Azure Credit
Microsoft Azure Hub-Spoke model by Enterprise Design 1 of 4
Microsoft Virtual Datacenter Transition to Azure (Hybrid Cloud) Microsoft Azure Hub-Spoke Architecture This Enterprise reference architecture shows how to implement a hub-spoke topology in Azure. The hub is a virtual network (VNet) in Azure that acts as a central point of connectivity to your on-premises network. The spokes are VNets that peer with the hub, and can be used to isolate workloads. Traffic flows between the on-premises datacenter and the hub through an ExpressRoute or VPN gateway connection. Read the complete Blogpost Journey to the Azure Cloud here[Solved] Allow PIN support for Windows 10 devices
I want to allow my Windows 10 1909 (Hyper-V VM) to be able to use PIN for sign ins. I have created a non-administrator account and joined my VM during Windows installation to the AAD from the start. I also configured this for PIN policy in Windows 10 in Azure portal - Intune I created a group in Intune and put my VM device + User into that. then I assigned this profile that I created for PIN to that group. added my administrator user as the group owner. I've also read this article: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3201940/can-t-configure-a-pin-when-convenience-pin-and-hello-for-business-poli still, in my Windows 10 account settings, there is no sign of PIN. i've waited 2 hours, synced my device from AAD portal and also from Windows settings to receive the latest policies. still nothing. I'm running out of clues that why this is not working. any ideas? Thanks in advance[FIXED] How to prevent sign in page from asking new users for additional security verification
Update: thanks for all the suggestions, I figured out it was the Windows insider that was causing it. when I installed Windows 10 build 1909 on a Hyper-V VM and signed into it during installation using AAD, i was not asked to provide phone number. it was also a new user that I created with no admin rights. I'm trying to build an AAD-based environment, created few users with standard rights (non-administrators). when I go to one of my Windows 10 machines and try to join it to AAD using work/school account, after entering Email and password, I'm presented with this screen asking for phone number and verification. I'm looking for a way to stop it from appearing. there is another option in that drop down menu that is for using authenticator app to receive codes but I want to entirely disable this "additional security verification" for the users I create in my ADD.access Azure File share on Azure AD joined Devices with Azure AD Credentials
Hi everyone We're currently testing Azure File for a customer. The customer already has an AVD environment, and we need an Azure File share for a specific application that runs on the AVD instance. We can mount the Azure File share on AVD with no problems and Azure AD credentials. All local and physical Windows Devices from the employees, which they use to open the AVD Application, are Azure AD joined. However, we also need to mount the Azure File share locally on every Azure AD joined Device. Problem is that we're not able to do that. We're able to mount the Azure File share with the storage account key, but this is a no-brainer. We're not giving out the storage account key to achieve this. Tbh, I'm not very fit in all these Azure Stuff but I think it's an authentication issue, because we're able to mount the Azure File share locally with the Storage Account Key. If we want to mount the share with the user logged on Azure AD credentials, it throws an error back that the network path could not be found (0x80070035). I think there is smth I'm missing out, which prevents me to mount the Azure File share on a Azure AD joined Devices and authenticate it with the user logged on AAD creds. Thanks for every reply, advice & help ❤️
Unable to modify Conditional Access Policies
So we have O365, and the "free" Azure which comes with it. I think a colleague previously signed up for Enterprise Mobility & Security Trial for our tenancy, and configured some Azure Conditional Access policies. (See below) So as you can see we have one of the Baseline Policies enabled, and 2 more custom ones. But when i click them to edit/view what settings are in them i get the following So it seems the only option i have is to Delete the policy, but...i have no way of knowing what impact this will have. How can i end up with a policy i can't edit? Is it due to that trial of Enterprise Mobility & Security? Is there ANYWAY i can see the settings in this policy before i delete it. Thanks
Azure Policy – New Zealand Information Security Manual (NZISM) [Preview]
Whilst working with a number of organizations that needed to have compliance with https://www.nzism.gcsb.govt.nz (amongst other standards and regulations), it was a laborious path to have decent visibility against Azure resources and the NZISM compliance without customization or outside custom automation. The NZISM is measure from the https://www.protectivesecurity.govt.nz/ policy framework. The Azure Security Benchmark and ISO 27001 in https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_Azure_Security/SecurityMenuBlade/22 supplied great general visibility towards standardized security compliance in general, but lacked the translation and mapping against NZISM requirements. The only other Azure Policy option available was to create a custom Azure Policy Set (Initiative) to map and show compliance. In-steps the new https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/samples/new-zealand-ism to save the day! With this being a built-in or out-of-the-box feature it means less overhead compared with the custom route. As with all things, each policy in the policy set should be reviewed prior to application to ensure it fits with expectations. The policy set should also not be used in isolation, i.e. it should be used in conjunction with other policies and features (such as the https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_Azure_Expert/AdvisorMenuBlade/overview) to have a well rounded view. The policy set is also available on https://github.com/Azure/azure-policy/blob/master/built-in-policies/policySetDefinitions/Regulatory%20Compliance/nz_ism.json and open to contributions for any improvements or alignments needed towards the NZISM. Periodic reviews for compliance (of the policies themselves and their compliance against your resources) should also be in place as part of due diligence as always. There are a number of methods in which you can look to apply or deploy the policy set; https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-portal https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-azurecli (automation) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-powershell (automation) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-dotnet (automation) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-javascript (automation) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-python (automation) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-rest-api (automation) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-template (automation) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/assign-policy-terraform (automation) All of the above automation tagged options you can pull into pipelines and automation vehicles (such as https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/user-guide/services?view=azure-devops) to make life repeatable and easier. Even better is to include this in your Cloud Adoption Framework journey through https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/govern/policy-compliance/. The Policy can also be applied at various levels; Tenant Management Group(s) Subscription(s) Resource Group(s) All that aside, how does it look in the real world? The two options that I ran through were the Azure Portal and PowerShell (AzModule) to test the waters for the policy at a subscription level scope. This is with a view to move towards subscription or management group level ARM deployments via an Azure DevOps pipeline. The application of the policy was reasonably straight forwards. Taking all of the current defaulted values from the policy (post review of each policy) set as-is means the following policy parameters need to be defined when applying: "Allowed locations" listOfAllowedLocations-e56962a6-4747-49cd-b67b-bf8b01975c4c Value = ['australiaeast','australiasoutheast'] "Allowed locations for resource groups" listOfAllowedLocations-e765b5de-1225-4ba3-bd56-1ac6695af988 Value = ['australiaeast','australiasoutheast'] "Audit Windows machines missing any of specified members in the Administrators group" MembersToInclude-30f71ea1-ac77-4f26-9fc5-2d926bbd4ba7 Value = [] "Audit Windows machines that have the specified members in the Administrators group" MembersToExclude-69bf4abd-ca1e-4cf6-8b5a-762d42e61d4f Value = [] Note: If you wish to include the Australia Central regions, these will need to be added into the values above. By default this is limited overall to Australasian and global regions. With the NZISM policy applied to the subscription, it took the usual time for it to evaluate the resources and produce it's compliance statistics. The only defaulted blocking feature of the policyset is the regional resource group and resource creations. Anything outside of the allowed regions or Global will be denied after the policy is applied. All existing resource will be allowed to exist, but show as non-compliant. This can be adjusted by setting the default action of the Policy Enforcement from Enabled (default) to Disabled. There are also optional settings to have configurable non-complaint messages (to display when a policy that is denying is blocking), but the defaulted message and appearance has enough details for the resource blocking, but the resource group blocking looks to be slightly less friendly by default at the moment: Example of Policy in “Deny” effect for disallowed locations for resource creation Example of Policy in “Deny” effect for disallowed locations for resource group creations All in all it is great built-in feature that can be very useful for those needing to comply with NZISM now with a lower amount of effort upfront. Further details are below for the two method of application used. PowerShell Note: Prior authentication and setting context to the appropriate subscription required. ################################################################# ## Register the Azure Policy Insights resource provider [One off against subscription] Register-AzResourceProvider -ProviderNamespace 'Microsoft.PolicyInsights' ###################################################################### # Assign a Policy Set/Initiative $policySetName = "d1a462af-7e6d-4901-98ac-61570b4ed22a" # New Zealand Information Security Manual $policySetAssignmentDisplayName = "New Zealand Information Security Manual" $policySetDefinition = (Get-AzPolicySetDefinition -Name $policySetName) $context=(Get-AzContext) $location='Australia East' # Region for the Managed Identity used for remediation $logAnalyticsWorkspaceId='*ADD_LA_WORKSPACE_RESOURCEID_HERE*' # LA Workspace Resource ID $parameters = [ordered]@{'MembersToInclude-30f71ea1-ac77-4f26-9fc5-2d926bbd4ba7'=('');` 'MembersToExclude-69bf4abd-ca1e-4cf6-8b5a-762d42e61d4f'=('');` 'listOfAllowedLocations-e56962a6-4747-49cd-b67b-bf8b01975c4c'=('australiaeast','australiasoutheast');` 'listOfAllowedLocations-e765b5de-1225-4ba3-bd56-1ac6695af988'=('australiaeast','australiasoutheast');` 'logAnalyticsWorkspaceId-f47b5582-33ec-4c5c-87c0-b010a6b2e917'=(''+$logAnalyticsWorkspaceId+'')} # Assign to subscription scope New-AzPolicyAssignment ` -PolicySetDefinition $policySetDefinition ` -Name $policySetName ` -AssignIdentity ` -Scope ("/subscriptions/"+$context.Subscription.Id) ` -Location $location ` -DisplayName $policySetAssignmentDisplayName ` -PolicyParameterObject $parameters ` -EnforcementMode DoNotEnforce ###################################################################### # Allow Policy System Identity access to remediate against subscription $roleDef=(Get-AzRoleDefinition -Name 'Contributor') $policySetAssignment=(Get-AzPolicyAssignment -Name $policySetName) New-AzRoleAssignment -Scope ("/subscriptions/"+$context.Subscription.Id) -ObjectId $policySetAssignment.Identity.principalId -RoleDefinitionId $roleDef.Id ###################################################################### Azure Portal Initiative/Definition Set Browse to the Azure Policy Initiative/Definition Set for the NZISM built in policy: https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_Azure_Policy/PolicyMenuBlade/Definitions Definition ID: /providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policySetDefinitions/d1a462af-7e6d-4901-98ac-61570b4ed22a Go into the Policy by left-clicking on the policy name. Assign the policy to a scope by left-clicking the Assign button. Assign the scope as appropriate and required; Management group(s), Subscription(s), Resource Group(s). Basics Set the assignment Basics information, then left-click Next. Recommendation: Set the Policy enforcement as Disabled initial to review compliance prior to harder restrictions being put in place. Parameters Review and set all parameters for the assignment, then left-click next: Recommendation: Initially set policies to Audit (AuditIfNotExist) to review compliance prior to enforcement. Current values that should be set outside of the defaults are the following allowed locations policies: "Allowed locations" listOfAllowedLocations-e56962a6-4747-49cd-b67b-bf8b01975c4c "value": 'australiaeast','australiasoutheast' "Allowed locations for resource groups" listOfAllowedLocations-e765b5de-1225-4ba3-bd56-1ac6695af988 "value": 'australiaeast','australiasoutheast' Remediation Review and set the appropriate location for the compliance remediation managed identity to be created. Non-compliance messages Review and set either a default non-compliance message, or an individual non-compliance message per policy, then left-click next. Review + create Review the settings on the summary page and if no adjustments are required, left-click Create to set the assignment. After the creation completes, the policy will appear and start the evaluation process. This can take some time to complete. Once completed, the policy compliance can be reviewed to see what remediation is required or if appropriate, what exemptions (time based or permanent) can be approved and put in place. References Microsoft Doc’s References https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/compliance/regulatory/offering-nz-cc-framework-nz https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/samples/new-zealand-ism Microsoft Github Initiative Reference https://github.com/Azure/azure-policy/blob/master/built-in-policies/policySetDefinitions/Regulatory%20Compliance/nz_ism.json NZISM https://www.nzism.gcsb.govt.nz/ Protective Security Requirements https://www.protectivesecurity.govt.nz/
