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Hyper-V orphaned or unnecceasry file script
I am trying to create a script that I can run against a Hyper-V cluster or host that can scan and identify orphaned files or files that are unused. THe idea is to clean up a cluster that has a lot of messy files because of migrations, or failed backups, snapshots, etc.
Access denied when I want create to File in Powershell
Hi, Please, your help me! I have problem to access denied, when i want create to file. I have the account in the group administrator. I valued the permission in the tab security and i have administrator permission. PS U:\> $cre | Export-Clixml -Path C:\ Export-Clixml : Acceso denegado a la ruta de acceso 'C:\'. En línea: 1 Carácter: 8 + $cre | Export-Clixml -Path C:\ + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : OpenError: (:) [Export-Clixml], UnauthorizedAccessException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : FileOpenFailure,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ExportClixmlCommand Regards. #PowerShell
Microsoft Graph Sign in Log Script
Hi all, I'm trying to create a script that will check sign ins based on the location. How ever the location always appears as 'Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models.MicrosoftGraphSignInLocation'. I am able to see the location if I select the property 'location' by itself and expand the property, but then that only show's a list of the locations. If I add other properties, it either doesn't work or it displays like this: I tried exporting as a csv and the location column values showed up as 'Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models.MicrosoftGraphSignInLocation'. This is what I have currently: Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -Filter "location/countryOrRegion eq 'AU'" -Top 10 | format-list And if I try selecting properties (I would add more properties later, this is just an example: $properties = 'location, userprincipalname' Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -All -Filter "location/countryOrRegion eq 'AU'" -Top 10 -Property $properties | Select -ExpandProperty $properties Has anyone tried something similar?
Add parent team in a shared channel with powershell
Hello, I'm trying to add the team, where my shared channel is, as a member oh this channel but I can't find the good command. The last one I used is : $TeamGrouId = "000-000-000-000" #ID de l'équipe concernée $Channel = "Mon canal partagé" $channelID = (Get-TeamChannel -GroupId $TeamGroupId | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -Like $Channel}).Id $paramstest = @{ "@odata.type" = "microsoft.graph.aadUserConversationMember" roles = @("member") "*** Adresse électronique supprimée pour cause de confidentialité ***" = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/groups/$TeamGroupId" } Add-MgTeamChannelMember -TeamId $TeamGroupId -ChannelId $channelId -BodyParameter $paramstest The error message I'm encoutering is : Add-MgTeamChannelMember : Bind requests not expected for action payload. Status: 400 (BadRequest) ErrorCode: BadRequest If anyone have a solution :-) Best regards P.S. : I'm french so my english may be a little bad.Unable to update help in MS PowerShell
Dear community, I have just started learning Microsoft PowerShell, so I apologize in advance in case my problem turns out to be too trivial. I have Windows 10 (Version 10.0.15063) installed on my virtual machine. PSVersion 5.1.15063.0 When trying to run Update-Help (in Administrator privilege) the process finished with multiple errors. PS C:\> Update-Help Update-Help : Failed to update Help for the module(s) "AppBackgroundTask, AppvClient, AssignedAccess, BitsTransfer, CimCmdlets, Defender, DnsClient, iSCSI, ISE, Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive, Microsoft.PowerShell.Core, Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics, Microsoft.PowerShell.Host, Microsoft.PowerShell.LocalAccounts, Microsoft.PowerShell.Management, Microsoft.PowerShell.ODataUtils, Microsoft.PowerShell.Operation.Validation, Microsoft.PowerShell.Security, Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility, Microsoft.WSMan.Management, NetAdapter, NetEventPacketCapture, NetLbfo, NetNat, NetQos, NetSwitchTeam, NetTCPIP, PackageManagement, PowerShellGet, PSReadline, PSScheduledJob, PSWorkflow, PSWorkflowUtility, ScheduledTasks, Storage, TLS, UEV, WindowsDeveloper License, WindowsErrorReporting, WindowsSearch" with UI culture(s) {ru-RU}: Unable to connect to Help content. The server on which Help content is stored might not be available. Verify that the server is available, or wait until the server is back online, and then try the command again. At line:1 char:1 + Update-Help + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [Update-Help], Exception + FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnableToConnect,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.UpdateHelpCommand Update-Help : Failed to update Help for the module(s) "PSDesiredStateConfiguration, VpnClient" with UI culture(s) {ru-RU}: Unable to retrieve the HelpInfo XML file for UI culture en-US. Make sure the HelpInfoUri property in the module manifest is valid or check your network connection and then try the command again. At line:1 char:1 + Update-Help + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : ResourceUnavailable: (:) [Update-Help], Exception + FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnableToRetrieveHelpInfoXml,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.UpdateHelpCommand I would be extremely grateful if anyone could help me deal with this issue!Threat Hunting with PowerShell - Security even with a small budget - there is no excuse!
Dear Threat Hunter, Lack of IT security is often excused by little or no available money. In my view, this is a very poor excuse. In this article I will try to give you a jump start on how to investigate threats with PowerShell. Is this a comprehensive and conclusive list of how you can find or detect threats/threats? NO, absolutely not. But it is meant to provide you with the support that you need to move forward on your own. Let's talk about the "general conditions": 1. If you use the PowerShell scripts I show/explain in this article, this is entirely your responsibility. I use the scripts in different situations, they are not dangerous, but you should already know what you are doing. 2. Written permission! If you are not sure if you are allowed to do an investigation, organize a written permission from your supervisor. 3. In the different scripts I sometimes (for this article deliberately) use standard search words like "malware", "malicious", "hacker" etc. Such search patterns/search words need to be customized, of course. These simply serve as an example. 4. The last part of the article examines some Microsoft cloud services. I am absolutely aware that there are a huge number of tools for hunting in the Microsoft cloud services. It starts with Azure Sentinel and continues with Cloud App Security. Since the focus is on a small budget, I'll leave those tools on the side. Introduction: So first, why should you use PowerShell for threat hunting? PowerShell is a useful threat hunting tool because it is a powerful scripting language and a platform for automating tools and accessing data across any Windows environment. It allows you to quickly gather information from various sources such as event logs, registries, files, and processes. Additionally, it can also be easily integrated with other tools and technologies making it a flexible and efficient tool for threat hunting. Some common use cases for PowerShell in the threat hunting environment include automated collection of log data, identification of unusual behavior anomalies in the system, the discovery of malware or malicious activity by known signatures or patterns or behaviors. These are just a few examples of how PowerShell can be used in a threat hunting capacity. Its versatility and ability to access and manipulate data from across the Windows environment make it a very valuable tool for any security professional. Threat Hunting in PowerShell - Use Cases: All right. So now that we understand where PowerShell can benefit an organization from a threat hunting perspective. Let's take a deeper look at some of the actual use cases you might encounter on a day to day basis, first being identify malicious processor files. So specifically, you can conduct raw file analysis to sift through different data shares to look for particular files in question whether that be a signature or even an extension of a certain file being able to quickly search and triage through files is an extreme benefit of using PowerShell for threat hunting. But how exactly do we start, what can we use as a guide? For example, the MITRE ATT&CK Framework. Here are a few examples: Indicator Removal: Clear Windows Event Logs https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/001/ Event Triggered Execution: Installer Packages https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/016/ Hide Artifacts: NTFS File Attributes https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/004/ Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001/ Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003/ Event Triggered Execution: Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/003/ Credentials from Password Stores: Windows Credential Manager https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004/ Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Bypass User Account Control https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002/ The MITRE ATT@CK framework provides a comprehensive and regularly updated overview of tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by various threat actors. We can locate these TTPs using PowerShell, here are a few examples: Indicator Removal: Clear Windows Event Logs https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Active_Directory/06_Account_Events.ps1 Event Triggered Execution: Installer Packages https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/08_Get-ItemProperty_Software.ps1 Hide Artifacts: NTFS File Attributes https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/08_Get-ItemProperty_Software.ps1 Windows Installer Service is running https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/01_WIS_is_running.ps1 Search Alternate Data Streams on NTFS File Systems https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/02_Search_ADS_on_NTFS%20_(specific%20file).ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/03_Search_ADS_on_NTFS_file_systems.ps1 Read the Contents of a File https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/06_Read_the_contents_file.ps1 Locating Data Patterns within a File https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/05_locating_data_patterns_within_file.ps1 Search for Encoding with Regex https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/07_Search_encoding_with_regex.ps1 Search for Command and Scripting Interpreter: https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Tactics_Techniques_Procedures_(TTPs)/04_Searching_for_PIDs.ps1 Threat hunting in different environments with PowerShell: Coming examples are about collecting information in very different environments. Also here a few examples as a kind => as first starting points: Hunt for Threats in Active Directory: https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Active_Directory/01_Resetting_Password_Unlocking_Accounts.ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Active_Directory/02_Search_stale_accounts.ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Active_Directory/03_Users_without_Manager.ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Active_Directory/04_Password_Expiration.ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Active_Directory/05_Group_Membership_Report.ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Active_Directory/06_Account_Events.ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Active_Directory_Advanced_Threat_Hunting/blob/main/PowerShell/Tracking_the_Source_of_Account_Lock_Outs_and_Bad_Passwords.ps1 https://github.com/tomwechsler/Active_Directory_Advanced_Threat_Hunting/blob/main/PowerShell/Finding_Unused_Group_Policy_Objects.ps1 Some of the scripts are structured in such a way that they must be executed block by block/line by line. So do not execute the whole script at once. Pay attention to the different information that is collected. With some investigations in the Active Directory accounts can be indicated like "guest" or "krbtgt", there must be clear of course how this information is to be estimated. Depending on how and what information is searched. Hunt for Threats in Exchange Online: https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Exchange_Online/Exchange_Mailbox_LastLogin.ps1 Find mailboxes with the last login. Hunt for Threats in Azure: https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Azure/Collect_vms_subscription.ps1 We search Azure for all virtual machines in a subscription. https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_Azure/02_Graph_Create_Time_Last_Password.ps1 When was the last password change and when were the accounts created? Hunt for Threats in SharePoint: https://github.com/tomwechsler/Threat_Hunting_with_PowerShell/blob/main/Hunting_SharePoint_Online/SharePoint_Online_specific_files.ps1 With this script we search for files with the extension .ps1 in a SharePoint Online page. Summary: Is this the best tactic to hunt for threats? No! There are many different tactics/techniques to search for threats. First of all, there are a huge number of different tools that can be used, for example SIEM/SOAR (Security Information and Event Management/Security Orchestration, Automation and Response). These tools are really great, sometimes cost a lot and often it takes a lot of knowledge to use such tools. But what is the use of such tools if the information generated by these tools cannot be understood properly, not very much. For this reason, I have tried in this article with simple tools to generate information that hopefully can be interpreted. Is finished here at this point. NO, the journey continues. The examples in this article are neither exhaustive nor complete, but they should give you a starting point. I hope you can build on this foundation. I hope that this information is helpful to you and that you have received a good "little" foundation. But I still hope that this information is helpful for you. Thank you for taking the time to read the article. Happy Hunting, Tom Wechsler P.S. All scripts (#PowerShell, Azure CLI, #Terraform, #ARM) that I use can be found on github! https://github.com/tomwechslerGenerate vCard for each user in Exchange online and attach to user's mail.
We are looking best method to create vCard for each user in Exchange online and attach vCard in user's outlook for outgoing email. Is there any script or tool to programmatically create a vCard, that can generate .vcf files with the desired contact information for each user and integrate to Exchange online to apply to corresponding user.
is there a bug in bytes
There are multiple scripts involving creating Magic Packets for WOL. Basically, all consist of code creating a byte array and sending it via System.Net.Sockets.UdpClient with the 2nd parameter of the send command as the length of the packet. According to the WOL docs the length should be 102 bytes. The math works for some MAC addresses but gives 86 for others. Test below [PS 5.1 ISE]. The point being would a length of 86 still work with WOL uncomment as needed to test $MAC = "1A:2B:3C:4D:5E:6F" #should give 102 #$MAC = "74:86:31:7D:19" #should give 86 #$MAC = "1A:86:3C:7D:6F" #should give 102, but try your own to test #$ByteArray = $MAC -replace "[:\-]" -split "(..)" -ne '' | ForEach-Object { [Byte] "0x$_"} $ByteArray = $MAC -split ":" | ForEach-Object { [Byte] "0x$_"} [Byte[]] $MagicPacket = (,0xFF * 6) + ($ByteArray * 16) $MagicPacket.Length P.S. Tested determining the length in other languages and all came out 102.
