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rovert506
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Joined Oct 04, 2017
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Re: Microsoft Teams won't send dial pad inputs when navigating a phone tree during a conference call
SFB/Lync absolutely did suffer from this same issue (DTMF outbound in active conference call). Proof: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/avmcu-does-not-support-dtmf-in-lync-server-or-skype-for-business-server-f1702fe3-728f-158d-1ca5-f80ca04e15a4 SIP mention only marginally relevant here. SFB/Lync utilized the Centralized Conference Control Protocol (3CP) for management of conferences, and that protocol got translated to specific SIP standards for integration with telephony. Info: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/office_protocols/ms-confbas/6cb739fe-3a84-4266-8d52-0af777f6f1fa?redirectedfrom=MSDN While Teams has shifted to a REST-based communication protocol that is closely aligned with Skype Consumer, the AVMCU functionality is still largely structured off the prior SFB AVMCU capabilities (hence the issue still being present). Either way, we still get SIP transport for telephony integration by way of Direct Routing, Calling Plans, and Audio Conf Dial-In/Out. Now...all that being said, I am now noticing the URL about Call Merge has some limitations listed at the bottom which I did not notice prior. One notable limitation: meetings. That is an incredibly frustrating and unfortunate limitation. Hopefully they close the gap on that.6.6KViews1like2CommentsRe: Microsoft Teams won't send dial pad inputs when navigating a phone tree during a conference call
This issue is a long-standing "feature" that harkens all the way back to Skype for Business and Lync Server. If you are currently in a conference call and need to add a remote party into that call, (and you know the remote party can only be reached by DTMF tones, such as an extension that must be entered at a lead auto attendant) the Audio Conferencing service DOES NOT SUPPORT DTMF tones for any outbound call you initiate from it. The dial pad in the meeting window will allow you to smash DTMF numbers all day long, but the Audio Conferencing service does not pass on those tones to the remote party. Even if it did support DTMF tones, it would blast DTMF tones out to all participants on the conference call, which could result in issues for remote parties already connected. The only workaround for this is to use "Merge Calls": https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/merge-calls-in-teams-15fd64cf-1500-4143-b199-1bbda98fd695 Merging requires you to initiate a brand-new PSTN call to your remote party, issue required DTMF tones as necessary until the call is connected to the user, and then merge the call with the ongoing conference call.6.7KViews1like4CommentsRe: Migrate Teams Voice tenant to tenant (M&A)
thecomputerguy74 The last I checked, existing "Teams migration" tools only migrate collab related data, not voice data (Quest/BinaryTree/BitTitan/etc). As a result, you are effectively looking at a net-new greenfield deployment into whatever tenant is the destination (assuming you are going from your tenant to another, of which the destination is not currently using Teams for voice). Look at tools like the Microsoft365DSC or Backup-TeamsConfig or BackupRestoreTeamsEV to export your existing voice configuration (dial plans, PSTN Usages, routes, etc), then you could use those same tools to import into the destination after some fiddling. If you're using Direct Routing, you'll have to deal with the fact that you will need to edit the FQDN of the SBCs in your voice routes since you cannot have the same FQDN (or DNS Domain) exist in two tenants at the same time. This will mean you can update the FQDNs in your tenant configuration ahead of time, but you'll have to have a "cutover" event to update your SBCs/DNS if you aren't able to figure out how to support multiple domains within a single SBC. If you're using Calling Plans, you'll have to deal with the fact that you will need to request MSFT to move the DIDs between tenants. The numbers must be unassigned from users, then moved, then reassigned - so be prepared for some downtime. HTH.6.7KViews0likes0CommentsRe: Yealink Teams Phone, firewall rules.
A few thoughts: 1) Make sure you have IPs/Ports listed in the article set as *destination*. RFC1918->52.112.0.0/14, for instance. The overwhelming majority of ports flow in a direction of client *to* server. Be careful of IPv6 ranges, too, if it is enabled on your networks! 2) Make sure you also include all the "Microsoft 365 Common" IPs/URLS, as well. Since Teams is an amalgamation of services from M365, there are some core services (such as authentication and Intune) that are not mentioned within the Teams specific section. You *must* make the Common services available to all endpoints, phones included. 3) If you've got a proxy server, enforced by WPAD for instance, you need to make sure that the URLs listed by Microsoft are not subject to a) SSL break/inspection, and b) proxy server authentication. You can use the Get-PacFile script to easily gather all the URLs necessary: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/enterprise/managing-office-365-endpoints?view=o365-worldwide#use-a-pac-file-for-direct-routing-of-vital-office-365-traffic 4) Be careful of Data VLANs vs Voice VLANs. Many customers I've worked with have more stringent configurations in place for Voice VLANs and Teams phones don't work correctly as a result. This could be due to proxy requirements, or firewall restrictions, or even routing restrictions, but in the end do not assume your voice VLANs have the same setup and capabilities as data VLANs.21KViews0likes0CommentsRe: Direct Routing - routing outbound calls based on SBC rather than dialled number...
solidpro There are several ways in which outbound routing will attempt to find another path due to SBC "outage": Sip Options Failure 10 second 18X timer SIP Failover Response Code During your testing, did you see the SBC reported as offline in the Admin Center (Voice>Direct Routing>SBCs)? If the SBC was truly offline (from the perspective of Microsoft), you should see the TLS connectivity status and SIP options status showing "Inactive" and "Warning". https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/direct-routing-health-dashboard If the outbound routing re-route is working with a SIP Response Code (this was your scenario where there was no trunk available from the PSTN), it should work in scenario where the entire SBC is "offline". Make sure the -SendSipOptions and -FailoverTimeSeconds parameters are enabled on your CsOnlinePstnGateway object for your SBCs. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/skype/set-csonlinepstngateway?view=skype-ps Make sure you are using separate and unique FQDNs/IPs for each of your SBCs. You cannot share a single FQDN/IP across multiple SBCs in geographically disperse data centers. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/direct-routing-trunk-failover-on-outbound-call https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/direct-routing-monitor-and-troubleshoot#monitoring-availability-of-session-border-controllers-using-session-initiation-protocol-sip-options-messages Make sure your SBC is truly offline and has zero alternative Layer-3 network routes to reach M365. If your SBC is multi-homed (which it should be if it is deployed on-premises), you need to make sure that Options requests aren't somehow routing out another NIC to M365, and making it look "up" when it should be down. Try disabling the SBC in Direct Routing through the -Enabled $False param instead of manipulating the SBC in the data center. Would strongly suggest opening an M365 support incident and/or involve a Ribbon partner to troubleshoot further. Something tells me you're still missing configuration, either on the SBC or within Direct Routing.6.8KViews0likes0CommentsRe: Direct Routing - routing outbound calls based on SBC rather than dialled number...
solidpro Examples First: If you want both SBCs to be utilized for calls within a single "Class of Service", you'd have a voice policy that has a single PSTN Usage assigned: PSTN Usage Voice Route PSTN Gateway AllEnterprise-NANPA-USDCEgress AllEnterprise-NANPA-USDCEgress sbc1.contoso.com sbc2.contoso.com In this instance, Outbound Routing should Round-Robin the calls to each PSTN Gateway assigned to the Voice Route. Effectively no ordering here and operates more of a HA pair for all SBCs in the Voice Route. If you want ordered failover for calls within a single "Class of Service", you'd have a voice policy that has two PSTN Usage assigned: PSTN Usage Voice Route PSTN Gateway AllEnterprise-NANPA-NYDCEgress AllEnterprise-NANPA-NYDCEgress sbc1.contoso.com AllEnterprise-NANPA-WADCEgress AllEnterprise-NANPA-WADCEgress sbc2.contoso.com In this instance, Outbound Routing will NEVER attempt to route to the second PSTN usage unless the first path is deemed "Offline". This could be SIP OPTIONS pings failing or certain SIP 5XX response failures, but there is explicit ordering here that will always use the first path and only use that path until a failure occurs. Testing recommendations: After any change is made in the Admin Center or through Voice Routing, you need to wait at least 15 minutes. There are notorious replication delays within M365 so do not make a change and then immediately make a call - chances are your changes are not yet effective within the service. After your 15 minute waiting period, you need to sign-out and sign-in within the Teams app. The app itself uses caching to handle offline scenarios and improve general performance, so do not make a change and then immediately make a call - chances are your changes are not yet effective on the client. SBC Notes: The SIP failure an SBC will provide when it cannot route a call to an upstream peer (either SIP or T1/E1 related) varies with each vendor and reason for upstream failure. If a call from Teams reaches the SBC and the SBC has nowhere to send it, you must look at the SIP Call Ladder post-call to determine what failure is being sent back to Teams. If that failure is not a 5XX level failure, Outbound Routing in Teams may not attempt to find another route. This may require SIP manipulations on the SBC to "fix". Make sure you are using an approved SBC vendor and that you are running at least the minimum firmware https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/MicrosoftTeams/direct-routing-border-controllers. Anything outside of that list is just futility and is a waste of your time. Your desire for ordered SBC usage is absolutely possible - The service supports it and we've deployed as such many, many times.6.9KViews1like4CommentsRe: Direct Routing - routing outbound calls based on SBC rather than dialled number...
solidpro Each of your SBCs needs its own PSTN Usage and Voice Route, and each of your PSTN usages must be ordered in your desired routing manner within your voice policies. You cannot combine all SBCs into a single PSTN usage and single voice route within a single voice policy, otherwise you will have the scenario you are experiencing. The voice policy defines the Class of Service your users are allowed to call & outbound routing paths/failover. Your PSTN Usage and Voice Routes work to define number types and class of service, plus egress routing paths (including ordered failover) to your PSTN gateways. Proper design gets you a configuration that looks similar to below AllEnterprise-NANPA (Voice Policy): PSTN Usage Voice Route PSTN Gateway AllEnterprise-NANPA-NYDCEgress AllEnterprise-NANPA-NYDCEgress sbc1.contoso.com AllEnterprise-NANPA-TXDCEgress AllEnterprise-NANPA-TXDCEgress sbc2.contoso.com AllEnterprise-NANPA-CADCEgress AllEnterprise-NANPA-CADCEgress sbc3.contoso.com Outbound routing in the Teams/Skype world is firstly based of dialed digits, so your voice routes need to have some level of matching of DNIS for the call to work. If you are using wildcard (.*) then simply having unique voice policies for your specific use cases, along with ordered PSTN Usages and Voice Routes will get you what you want. All that being said, I am not a fan of wildcard routes and I generally never advise customers to deploy in that manner. It's the "easiest method" but it also does not allow for any separation of class of service for calls and potentially allows calls to number types which you do not want (9XX, for instance). You should also be normalizing all numbers into E.164 format in your dial plans and structuring voice routing configuration based on E.164 concepts. If you don't need to break out things like local dialing restrictions, or mobile dialing restrictions, or premium number dialing restrictions, then you would not need a wildly complex routing configuration. Regardless, I strongly suggest you have all configuration utilizing E.164 from dial plans, to voice routes, to trunk translations, as that is the way a proper design should be. Very few items have changed since the Lync days, as the concepts are largely still the same for Teams (basically brought forward). If you need to gain a better understanding, check out these videos or get in contact with a voice partner that can assist you. https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Lync-Conference/Lync-Conference-2014/BEST301 https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.ch9.ms%2Fsessions%2Fteched%2Feu%2F2013%2FOUC-B401.pptx7KViews1like6CommentsRe: CQD - Out-of-the-box reports
Tom Nohelty You need to download the Power BI Desktop app, open the template file from there, and choose the "Publish" option. The desktop app is the only way to get the reports into Power BI online. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/desktop-upload-desktop-files#to-publish-a-power-bi-desktop-dataset-and-reports8.1KViews0likes0CommentsRe: Phone System Administrator Accounts
Mark_TV Re Dialing: Your Dial Plans will have normalization rules that outline dialing habits for each of your locales. Normalization rules can be structured such that you could support if a user dials 9, then 1, then 10 digits for US NANPA. Or perhaps they only dial 1, then 10 digits. Or perhaps they only dial 7 digits where available for local calls. Or maybe they fully dial the E.164 number (after all, most cell phones support this today). What types of dialing habits will depend on country, city, whether you need short-digit extension, etc. Effectively you can support any number of dialing habits but the end result of all those rules should always be an E.164 number. In your example of a London number, no they do not have to dial E.164 - you could have normalization rules set up to allow 020 + 3XXXXXXX and it gets turned into +44 20 3XXXXXXX. Re VoiceRouting: Correct. The bulk of your effort is the planning and design of all the different Locales, Class of Services and Various Routes your calls need to take. You can choose to implement this logic directly within Teams (in the form of voice routing policies, pstn usages, and voice routes), or perhaps look at a solution from your Direct Routing SBC vendor. The SBC solutions offer capabilities around AD lookups or advanced dial plan functionality that may negate the need to have the control within Teams Routing configurations.2.3KViews0likes1CommentRe: MS Teams New Meeting Experience auto-unchecked
ccjeanty We had a similar case with a few internal folks and it seems that Office apps that are running (Outlook, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, etc) may interfere and prevent the setting from saving. So, if you have any of them open...close them first. Then make the change in your Teams client to enable multi-window meetings. Worked for us.14KViews1like2CommentsRe: Phone System Administrator Accounts
Mark_TV Re #1 - Not really. There are RBAC roles which provide limited configuration capabilities based on role membership, but as far as I know, a single RBAC role does not support scoping of those permissions to a group of users (such as a remote office location). It's all or none. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/MicrosoftTeams/using-admin-roles Re #2 - Once SBCs are input into Direct Routing they become available to be used globally, but usage in Outbound Routing is not active until someone adds the SBC/Gateway into the proper routing configuration. From what I know, if you have a user that is able to manipulate the Voice Routing configuration via RBAC, that applies to all configuration in Direct Routing. Again, all or none. Re VoiceRoutingPolicy - No. Users can only be assigned a single VoiceRoutingPolicy. That is why it is important to include all potential PSTN usages and voice routes (including class-of-service restrictions and primary/alternate routes for SBC failover) in that single usage. Re External Access Prefix (9 prefix) - This is supported. However, do not normalize the number such that the 9 appears in the dialed digits. Configuration should support allowing users to continue that legacy-PBX-trunk-habit, but proper E.164 routing configurations don't include 9+15555555555 as the normalized number the client dials. Proper configurations always stick to E.164-proper for any dialed number (+15555555555) and then you add/subtract digits as required on the Direct Routing trunk via CsTeamsTranslationRules or on your SBCs directly. It's a very common attempted shortcut to not do this, but trust me, it makes voice routing (especially global) so much easier if you stick to proper E.164. This advice has been true for a long time, even all the way back to OCS/Lync/SFB. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/skype/new-csteamstranslationrule?view=skype-ps https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.ch9.ms%2Fsessions%2Flync%2F2014%2FBEST301_Lasko.pptx2.4KViews0likes3CommentsRe: Skype for Business Online Call Queues
blue_man Messy setup, but possibly. Call Queues don't support business hours or holidays so you would have to use a primary Auto Attendant as a lead-in and then possibly branch off to a another AA for the "afternoon shift". Each of the AA's would then go to a dedicated CQ that has the desired users for moning/afternoon. The call flow logic would be a bit messy and you would have to handle holidays and business hours appropriately for each AA involved. For instance, the only way to route the call in the afternoon is to have non-business hours or a holiday specified on the lead AA so that the call gets transferred to the "afternoon" AA. All that being said, you may be better off just getting users to use the opt-in/opt-out functionality of a single Call Queue to avoid this complexity. When the AM shift goes to leave, they simply sign-out of the CQ and the afternoon person signs-in...voila. https://aka.ms/cqsettings There is no automatic way to accomplish that scenario, however, so it requires employees to be...*ahem*...cognizant of their job roles/duties. A bit of user training and you can keep the back-end complexity and call routing to a minimum. HTH.925Views1like1CommentRe: Local Media Optimization for Direct Routing _ firewall\transport relay question
AlistairKeay1 LMO and media bypass are not the same thing. LMO only impacts internal clients and is only applicable when the Direct Routing components & SBC are configured to support LMO. The addition of LMO does not change any RTP flows for external clients since it is not applicable to that topology. Regardless of media bypass configuration, LMO configuration, and client location (internal vs external), Transport Relays are always an available path for RTP streams: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/direct-routing-plan-media-bypass#call-flow-and-firewall-planning https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/microsoft-teams-online-call-flows#call-flows-in-various-topologies3KViews1like1CommentRe: Local Media Optimization for Direct Routing _ firewall\transport relay question
AlistairKeay1 Don't confuse Media Bypass with Local Media Optimization... The two items are technically separate and independent technologies, although they are complimentary in certain forms. Direct Routing with Media Bypass (No Upstream Firewall) In this scenario a Teams user that is outside of the corporate network would be able to send/receive RTP packets directly to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the public IP address. In this scenario a Teams user that is inside the corporate network would be able to send/receive RTP packets directly to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the public IP address. In this flow scenario the SBC sees RTP traffic coming from your client's NAT'd public IP address. Direct Routing with Media Bypass (Upstream Firewall Restricted to MSFT IPs) In this scenario a Teams user that is outside of the corporate network would not be able to send/receive RTP packets directly to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the public IP address. Since the RTP flows are blocked the client must establish traffic to the MSFT Transport Relays, which then communicate with the SBC IP address. In this scenario a Teams user that is inside the corporate network would not be able to send/receive RTP packets directly to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the public IP address. Since the RTP flows are blocked the client must establish traffic to the MSFT Transport Relays, which then communicate with the SBC IP address. Direct Routing with Media Bypass (Upstream Firewall but No Restrictions) In this scenario a Teams user that is outside of the corporate network would be able to send/receive RTP packets directly to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the public IP address. In this scenario a Teams user that is inside the corporate network would be able to send/receive RTP packets directly to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the public IP address. In this flow scenario the SBC sees RTP traffic coming from your client's NAT'd public IP address. Direct Routing with Local Media Optimization (No Firewall) In this scenario a Teams user that is inside the corporate network would be able to send/receive RTP packets to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the internal IP address. In this flow scenario the SBC sees traffic coming from your client's internal IP address (likely RFC 1918). In this scenario a Teams user that is outside of the corporate network would be able to send/receive RTP packets to the IP address associated with the SBC, specially the public IP address. LMO removes the restriction of internal users having to send RTP streams externally, which was a requirement in a "normal" Direct Routing with Media Bypass configurations. SBCs are voice-specific firewalls and when configured appropriately, exposing the SBC to the public Internet as a whole is not an issue. I generally don't recommend any level of firewall insertion or restrictions for Direct Routing unless there are extreme circumstances that require. The addition of the firewall not only could complicate troubleshooting, but adds a layer of complexity and potential latency if the firewall is wrongly configured for deep-packet inspection. Use the firewall ACLs on the SBCs themselves, if need be.3KViews1like3CommentsRe: Teams Meetings - Blocking Issues
Marcel Meth We have approximately 4,000 enterprise users enabled for Teams and generally speaking, the issues you outline are not present in our environment. A few thoughts and suggestions: If you are an Office 365 admin for your tenant, I strongly suggest opening a support ticket through the support portal. OR if you have an Enterprise Agreement, open a Premiere case. Either way, issues like this need to be identified, tracked and triaged to understand whether it is a Service Issue (Microsoft's responsibility) or an environment issue (customer responsibility). "Connecting" and "drop out" issues are most commonly related to network traffic flows from your clients to the Office365 service. This could manifest itself as a result of several network preparation tasks that may not have been completed for your enterprise network: Outbound firewall ports have not been enabled HTTP Proxy exemptions for O365 URLs have not been enabled TLS/SSL interception and decryption exemption for O365 URLs have not been enabled IDP/IPS exemptions for O365 URLs and O365 IP ranges have not been enabled Internet egress bandwidth planning and/or reservations for real-time media have not been enabled VPN split-tunneling have not been enabled Start with the support ticket first and then work in validating your network configuration: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/enterprise/network-planning-and-performance https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/enterprise/assessing-network-connectivity https://aka.ms/o365networkingprinciples There have been some service issues Microsoft has identified as of the past week. Downdetector is not a reliable source for those issues unless you start seeing thousands of reports in a given day. Always try to look at first-party sources such as the Office 365 portal and Office 365 twitter accounts first: https://twitter.com/MSFT365Status2.9KViews0likes0CommentsRe: Teams Direct Routing license requirement
athanzzz For users: You need a Phone System add-on license for every single user (500), assuming every user needs to be able to dial a PSTN number or EXT on your PBX. For IP Phones such as hallway phones or lobby phones: You need a Common Area Phone license for every single device. For IP Phones or Meeting Room systems: You need a Meeting Room license for every single device. For your SBC: You only need concurrent call licenses, meaning you only need to license what you believe the peak number of calls would be. User & device licensing is much different than the SBC licensing. You must license every single user that may require the capability to make a call through Direct Routing. SBCs, however, are not typically licensed in a 1:1 ratio (concurrent call:user) and are more commonly allocated in a 1:3 or 1:4 ratio, depending upon Erlang calculations.6.2KViews1like0CommentsRe: Question about Teams QoS guidance - port range sizes
David Phillips Enabling QoS on the meeting policy is a good start. That switch will force certain clients - mobility & Mac OS clients - to mark packets as they leave their respective devices. That switch does not guarantee QoS for packets that leave the Microsoft service and traverse the internet. Microsoft will provide QoS by default for their networks up until the point it leaves. After that, no QoS is present, and the customer must re-enable QoS markings upon ingress to their network (typically at the firewall). Windows client endpoints still require Group Policy Based settings to get DSCP tags applied. The meeting policy configuration has zero bearing on Windows endpoints. Stick with the default port ranges unless you have a reason to go larger, not smaller. ICE/STUN/TURN will negotiate several ports per call, so the default settings will allow at least some level of having multiple calls active/on-hold. If you know people will need to handle 10+ simultaneous calls, you can bump the range up to what it used to be in the OCS days, which was 40 ports per modality.3.2KViews1like1CommentRe: Multiple SBCs for Direct Routing
GerryArmstrong If you have two SBCs (i.e.: us-sbc1.contoso.com and us-sbc2.contoso.com), each SBC can be referenced by the the same SIP port (5061, for instance). The port is a child object that is always paired/matched with the SBC FQDN, so there's no restriction on being able to use port 5061 with one, or potentially hundreds, of SBCs. If you've got an SBC showing offline, items you may want to check: NTP server configured on SBC DNS configured on SBC Proper TLS certificate TLS certificate trust (root cert) SBC NAT (if applicable) SBC IP Routing Ingress/Egress Firewall rules for SBC3.9KViews0likes1CommentRe: Update TeamsEmergencyCallRoutingPolicy to avoid emergency call failures
msabat My previous point remains: there should be no reason to perform translations like you're doing. The call should simply have a DNIS of 911 from the time it is normalized in Teams, to the DNIS on the Direct Routing invite, all the way to the invite to CUCM. Perhaps there's a Calling Search Space configuration that requires you do it this way, but there's not a single deployment I've been involved with that has mirrored this setup. To your question on the normalization, no. If you want a voice route to catch numbers with, or without, a leading plus, it would look like this: ^(\+)?(911)$4.2KViews0likes1CommentRe: Update TeamsEmergencyCallRoutingPolicy to avoid emergency call failures
msabat Depending what US state you are in, the configuration you posted (where you take 911 and normalize it to a +1XXXXXXXXXX number) could be very, very illegal. For most states in the US, 911 calls are NOT allowed to be redirected to an internal security/response team, unless that security/response team meets the same standards as the local 911 PSAP. Additionally, there are national E-911 laws beginning to take effect that will make your configuration illegal nationally as of March of 2021. 911 should be normalized to 911 only, and all voice routes for that must route the call to your local 911 PSAP or an E-911 emergency routing service that you are subscribed to. If you need alerting or for a security/response team to be conferenced in to the call, there are other - legal - ways of doing so through Emergency Calling Policies and an E-911 service.4.2KViews0likes3Comments
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