Understanding server-side protocol initialization error codes

[SQL-Server-Team]

First published on MSDN on Jan 10, 2006

With SQL Server 2005, a server-side protocol error will generally prevent the instance from starting.  To fascilitate the identification of the source of the problem, the server will write an entry into the errorlog  with the following format:

TDSSNIClient initialization failed with error <x>, status code <y>

Where   <x> is the error code returned by the underlying communication or security subsystem

<y> is an internal SQL Server protocol error state

The underlying error code, <x>, is typically an error code returned by the Windows network layer or by an SSPI call.  For Windows network error codes, the "net helpmsg" command may be able to assist in interpreting the code.  SSPI error codes are not as easy to decipher and require searching in the Microsoft knowledge base or looking through the WinError.h file if the platform SDK is installed.  However, in many cases, the root of the problem may be determined just from inspecting the error state (more details below).

An example of an error that may be logged is:

TDSSNIClient initialization failed with error 0x80092004, status code 0x38.

The 0x80092004 is an SSPI error code that translates to CRYPT_E_NOT_FOUND and 0x38 is the SQL Server protocol error state that indicates that SSL support could not be started.  This error was generated because the SSL layer was unable to load the specified SSL certificate.

The general categories of the SQL Server protocol error states are summarized in the following table:

ERROR STATES	PROTOCOL AREA
3 (0x03), 64-79 (0x40-0x4F)	Shared Memory
6-30 (0x09-0x1E)	TCP/IP
31-35 (0x1F-0x23)	DAC
53 (0x35), 80-95 (0x50-0x5F)	Named Pipes
54 (0x36), 96-111 (0x60-0x6F)	VIA
112-127 (0x70-0x7F)	HTTP
56 (0x38), 128-143 (0x80-0x8F)	SSL
144-159 (0x90-0x9F)	General

The next table describes some commonly encountered error states:

ERROR STATE	DESCRIPTION
0x03	Error starting shared memory support
0x04	All protocols disabled
0x0A	Unable to initialize the TCP/IP listener
0x1C	Server configured to listen on a specific IP address in a cluster environment
0x1E	Duplicate IP address detected in network
0x35	Error starting named pipe support
0x36	Error starting VIA support
0x38	Error obtaining or using the Certificate for SSL
0x3A	Unable to initialize the communication listeners
0x40	Unable to initialize the Shared Memory listener
0x50	Unable to initialize the Named Pipe listener
0x60	Unable to initialize the VIA listener