Gary Pearson- Thanks for sharing your findings so far. I had previously changed the redirection policies to redirect back to the local user profile, and verified that the "Policy Removal" setting was set to Redirect the folder back to the local userprofile location when policy is removed. Once the profiles had been redirected to the local profile, I removed my account from the group that the policy is scoped to. My expectation was that this would result in the folders being back in their default location with no redirection policy applied.
Based on your post, I tried a few different things yesterday, with no luck so far. I added the account back into the policy scope, and after it applied I changed the setting for each folder to Not Configured. This doesn't seem to have made any difference. One thing I find interesting, when looking at the Settings report for this GPO in Group Policy Management, The Folder Redirection policies are still listed for each folder that I had previously redirected, but it shows "Setting: Not configured" next to each one. It must not remove the settings from the actual policy, just removing the configuration of the setting instead. I wonder if the fact that they still appear in the policy at all, even as not configured, might be relevant? They do not appear in the report when I run the Group Policy Results wizard for my computer and account, so probably not.
Michael Richter- For what it's worth, I did open a ticket (#687064) with OneDrive support last week. The support engineer was completely unfamiliar with this new feature of course, and his troubleshooting methods did not turn up anything at all. In the end, I zipped up the logs from '%localappdata%\Microsoft\OneDrive\logs' and sent them to him for further review. That was last Friday, and since then I've been receiving regular updates stating that they are still researching the issue but have nothing to report at this time. I suspect Stephen Rose is a little busy to be getting involved in individual support cases, but on the off chance my case details might be helpful he's welcome to pass my case # on to any appropriate parties.