Are my passwords really secure in Edge or Chrome?

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Hi,

Short Answer: Yes

Long Answer:

IF someone manages to hack into your system and gain access then they can do everything you can do.

but that's a Big IF. browsers like Chrome or Edge have no problem related to the safety of the passwords, even if they were to save your passwords in a plain text, that wouldn't be much of an issue.

The thing you should be worried about is to prevent hackers from gaining access to your system in the first place. I can say about 90% of the time it's the user's fault and their actions/decisions.

the other 10% could be related to the installed programs and OS which you can take care of by always installing the latest Windows 10 version and keep it updated and also get rid of the unnecessary programs (to reduce attack surface) and make sure they are always updated as well.

there are lots of articles about Hardening the OS for the extra protection. but none of them can help when the user intentionally/accidentally compromises his/her own system by his/her actions/decisions.