Adaptive Scopes

For Microsoft 365 (Entra Groups) you can use the following properties to build your Adaptive scope queries. 

• Name
• Display name
• Description
• Email addresses
• Alias
• Exchange custom attributes: CustomAttribute1 - CustomAttribute15
• Exchange extension custom attributes: Extension Custom Attribute 1 - Extension Custom Attribute 5

I always try to avoid using Display Name as even with a defined provisioning process that adds prefixes (e.g., HR-GroupName), owners can change the Display Name at any time. Instead, use custom attributes, as users cannot modify these values. If you have a provisioning process, you can write the value (e.g., HR) to the relevant custom attribute after the group has been created.

As you mentioned, the Adaptive Scopes can take some time to populate, so I recommend testing the query using Exchange Online PowerShell and applying the appropriate filter e.g. Groups starting with SAM.

Get-Recipient -RecipientTypeDetails GroupMailbox -Filter {DisplayName -like "SAM*"}

This way you get to see what groups will appear in the Adaptive scope. If you need more details, please share your query and what you want to include in the scope. 

Reference

Adaptive scopes | Microsoft Learn