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Security best practices for Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)

Michael_Cureton's avatar
Michael_Cureton
Icon for Microsoft rankMicrosoft
Aug 13, 2020

To help provide additional protection from potential malware attacks, Microsoft recommends using HTTPS with Windows Server Update Services (WSUS).

In this post, we will walk you through the steps required to configure each of your WSUS servers to use HTTPS. We will then share details on how to obtain and bind the necessary certificate, enforce Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption, and configure WSUS to use HTTPS. From there, we will discuss how to configure clients to use HTTPS and how to configure WSUS to use HTTPS for synchronization for downstream servers only. We will conclude with a recommended configuration order. These steps are critical in keeping the clients within your organization more secure and we hope you will find this post helpful.

At a time when malware attacks are on the rise across industries, configuring WSUS with HTTPS may further reduce the ability of a potential attacker to remotely compromise a client and elevate privileges. To ensure that the best security protocols are in place, we recommend that you use the SSL/TLS protocol to help secure your WSUS infrastructure. Windows Server Update Services uses SSL/TLS to authenticate client computers and downstream WSUS servers to the upstream WSUS server. WSUS also uses SSL/TLS to encrypt update metadata.

Configuring WSUS to use HTTPS

Note: Securing your server with TLS may result in a slight loss in performance.

To configure WSUS to use HTTPS, you will need to:

  1. Obtain a certificate.
  2. Bind the certificate.
  3. Enforce SSL/TLS encryption (require SSL) on the following applications:
    1. ApiRemoting30
    2. ClientWebService
    3. DSSAuthWebService
    4. ServerSyncWebService
    5. SimpleAuthWebService
  4. Configure WSUS to use HTTPS using the wsusutil configuressl command.
  5. Configure clients to use HTTPS communications with WSUS, and specify the intranet Microsoft update service location.

If you have downstream WSUS servers, you will need to complete an additional step. Please reference configure downstream WSUS servers to use HTTPS when syncing. (Use SSL when synchronizing update information.)

Important: Follow the WSUS best practices for disabling recycling and configuring memory limits prior to configuring WSUS to use HTTPS.

Obtain a certificate

There are a few methods available to obtain a certificate for use with Internet Information Services (IIS). For example, you can create a certificate request and send that request to a known certificate authority (CA), such as Verisign or GeoTrust, or obtain a certificate from an online CA in your intranet domain. If you are using an online CA in your intranet domain, you can follow the steps below to create the required certificate.

  1. Log on to the WSUS server using a user account that is a member of the local Administrators group.

    NOTE: By default, the WebServer certificate template will only issue to Domain Admins. If the user logging in is not a domain admin, their user account will need to be granted the Enroll permission on the WebServer certificate template.

  2. Launch Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.
  3. Click on your server and then launch Server Certificates.
  4. In the Actions pane, select Create Domain Certificate.
  5. Fill in the Distinguished Name Properties and select Next. The Common name value must be the FQDN of the WSUS server.
  6. On the Online Certification Authority page, select your CA and enter a friendly name for the certificate and select Finish.

Bind the certificate

  1. In Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager expand your server, expand Sites, and select WSUS Administration.
  2. In the Actions pane, select Bindings.
  3. Select the SSL binding and click Edit.
  4. In the drop-down for SSL certificate, select the appropriate SSL certificate and click OK.
  5. Select Close on the Site Bindings dialog box.

Enforce SSL/TLS encryption

  1. In Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager expand your server, expand Sites, and expand WSUS Administration.
  2. Select the application ApiRemoting30 and launch SSL Settings.
  3. Check Require SSL and then click Apply.
  4. Repeat the same steps for the other applications noted above.

Configure WSUS to use HTTPS

  1. Launch an elevated command prompt on the WSUS server.
  2. Navigate to your WSUS installation folder, e.g. cd “c:\Program Files\Update Services\Tools”.
  3. Execute the following command:
    WSUSUtil.exe configuressl FQDNofWSUSServer
  4. Restart the WSUS server to make sure all changes take effect.

Configure clients to use HTTPS

To configure clients to require HTTPS communication to the WSUS server, simply update the domain Group Policy Object (GPO) or the Configuration Service Provider (CSP) policy used to configure WSUS to leverage HTTPS and the desired port.

  • For those using Group Policy, configure the Specify intranet Microsoft update service location policy values of : Set the intranet update service for detecting updates and Set the intranet statistics server  to point to your desired port  (ex. HTTPS://servername:8531). See To enable WSUS through a domain GPO for more info.
  • For those using a mobile device management (MDM) tool, CSPs, please configure the Update/UpdateServiceUrl policy to point to your desired port (for example, HTTPS://servername:8531).

Configure WSUS to use HTTPS for synchronization (Downstream servers only)

  1. Log on to the WSUS server using a user account that is a member of the local Administrators group or the WSUS Administrators group.
  2. Launch Windows Server Update Services.
  3. In the right pane, expand the server name.
  4. Select Options, and then select Update Source and Proxy Server.
  5. On the Update Source tab, under Synchronize from another Windows Server Update Services server, type the port number that the server uses for SSL connections into the Port number text box.
  6. Select Use SSL when synchronizing update information and then select OK.

Configuration order

Because every WSUS server must be configured to use the SSL/TLS protocol, the order in which the steps are performed will depend on your environment. If you have a simple infrastructure where the required steps can be performed on all WSUS servers within a single timeframe, then a top-down approach can be used. However, if you have a large infrastructure that will require a phased approach, then a bottom-up approach should be used.

Example 1: Environment with a small number of WSUS Servers

In this example, it is assumed that all WSUS servers can be configured within a single timeframe. In this case, the upstream WSUS server can be configured first using the steps above. Any downstream WSUS servers can then be configured using the steps above in addition to setting the WSUS option to Use SSL when synchronizing update information.

Example 2: Environment with many WSUS Servers

In this example, it is assumed that a phased approach will be required to configure all WSUS servers. In this case, a bottom-up approach should be leveraged. All downstream WSUS servers should be configured for HTTPS before their upstream WSUS server is configured to use HTTPS. After their upstream WSUS server is configured to use HTTPS, the WSUS setting Use SSL when synchronizing update information on each downstream server can be enabled.

Call to action

We recommend that you review the security of your WSUS infrastructure. If HTTPS is not currently in use, see Securing WSUS and follow the instructions in this article to achieve a greater level of security.

 

Updated Aug 13, 2020
Version 2.0
security
servicing and updates

21 Comments

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  • FrankMan's avatar
    FrankMan
    Copper Contributor
    May 31, 2024

    I'm confused regarding the command "WSUSUtil.exe configuressl FQDNofWSUSServer" and it's output. No matter what I try the command always returns as URL http://server:8530. When I check a sample output of the command under https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/sum/get-started/software-update-point-ssl#bkmk_wsusutil I would expect that the returned output of the command should be https://fqdn:8531.

     

    I tried the command on several systems but I always get the same output. Not sure if I'm missing something or not. I can connect to the WSUS via SSL and 8531 and everything looks like as it is working. But I'm still wondering.

     

  • Michael_Cureton's avatar
    Michael_Cureton
    Icon for Microsoft rankMicrosoft
    Dec 09, 2020

    RSA111 yes. This assumes you have clients communicating with the DSS for which you want to leverage https. What you have configured thus far covers the communication between the USS and DSS.

  • RSA111's avatar
    RSA111
    Copper Contributor
    Dec 04, 2020

    HI, 

    For configuring WSUS downstream server (which is a replica of upstream server) do I need to perform IIS -> Certificate Bind -> SSL/TLS Encryption force on downstream server as well?

     

    I have just followed below points on downstream so far :- 

    1. Select Options, and then select Update Source and Proxy Server.
    2. On the Update Source tab, under Synchronize from another Windows Server Update Services server, type the port number that the server uses for SSL connections into the Port number text box.
    3. Select Use SSL when synchronizing update information and then select OK.
  • Karl-WE's avatar
    Karl-WE
    MVP
    Sep 23, 2020

    The_Smart_One I am aware we are offtopic discussing DO for most time, yet I find it important because the thing is yes WSUS is scifi class "Lost tech"

     

    I've seen this comparison you brough up long ago.

    I can pretty much recall it because the funny scifi classification.

     

    "WU+DO doesn't. (1) The only choice it gives you is to check for updates for all supported Microsoft products, not just Windows. (2) It checks for update whenever it likes and downloads them immediately, (3 and 4) won't give you any chance to test or approve them, and (5) installs them immediately. You might be able to emulate #3 and #4 using Group Policy and Intune"

     

    you can

    - setup groups and rings via GPO and control install and download time, and enforcements (watch enforcements will disable any set time)

    - thus you can test using WU+DO, it does not mean everyone gets same updates at a time. Use GPO and security groups to apply on computer accounts. Use DO GPO to control peer to peer.

    - dashboard: Desktop Health dashboard in Azure / Analytics (paid per use)

     

    you cannot: 

    - manage to approve updates - this is by design - Microsoft wants us to stop doing that and rather using policies. install on the 1st week of months of prev. updates is fine with most scenarios. One week earlier for testing.

     

    - revoke updates / uninstall updates at scale without powershell scripting.

     

  • mle_ii's avatar
    mle_ii
    Copper Contributor
    Sep 14, 2020

    The_Smart_One  Yeah, most times the 100% cpu use just "magically" goes away on its own by the time I have a chance to look at it, and I cannot figure out the repro for our setup.

     

    You were talking about the "Supports admin approval" field in my table.

    Got it, that's what I thought I understood from your table, thanks for the confirmation.  That is pretty bad that WU+DO does what it does there.  Apparently these folks don't maintain servers on their own.  And indeed WSUS can pull down SQL Server updates, luckily all I use that feature for is to see what SQL server updates there are for our servers.  I then create a case to handle those manually due to them requiring downtime and don't approve them in WSUS so they don't get applied without our say so.

  • The_Smart_One's avatar
    The_Smart_One
    Iron Contributor
    Sep 13, 2020

    mle_ii

    You seem to know a lot, have you figured out what causes the random 100% cpu/core use with the TiWorker process?

    I saw it but while I was investigating it, the problem disappeared. I suspect it is because I started using a modified version of Invoke-WsusDbMaintenance.ps1 by Prox. The modifications are mine, so don't worry about copyright stuff.

     

    My main concern was with how your table seems to indicate that WU+DO does not have this aspect, though perhaps I'm misunderstanding your table and what you've said.

    Okay, let me try again. You were talking about the "Supports admin approval" field in my table. This field says "WU+DO" does NOT support admin approval while WSUS does. What I meant was this:

    • WSUS let's you (1) choose, (2) download, (3) test, (4) approve, and (5) install updates at your convenience, whether (a) manually, (b) by script, or (c) by schedule. (That's 15 different variations, right?)
    • WU+DO doesn't. (1) The only choice it gives you is to check for updates for all supported Microsoft products, not just Windows. (2) It checks for update whenever it likes and downloads them immediately, (3 and 4) won't give you any chance to test or approve them, and (5) installs them immediately. You might be able to emulate #3 and #4 using Group Policy and Intune. There are blog posts in this blog covering this subject. The result of this emulation, however, is inelegant. There is no one dashboard to rule them all.

    So, (i) if you enable Windows Update on your SQL Server machines, (ii) tell it to check for all kinds of updates (not just Windows), and (iii) Windows Update supports SQL Server, then WU tries to update your SQL Server whenever it wants. The third part is what trips me. Does WU support SQL Server? I don't know. (We used SQL Server a long time ago, and only briefly. Our in-house developers moved on to MariaDB. I've seen things like "SQL Sever 2019 Cumulative Update" on WSUS though.)

  • mle_ii's avatar
    mle_ii
    Copper Contributor
    Sep 11, 2020

    Sorry if I wasn't clear, we use WSUS and it's my job to go through and approve/release/deny updates there on the server.  We also use it to tell us what is out of date for other things that we install manually as we cannot have unexpected/uncontrolled downtime.  We are able to control most of it and patching through our scripting, but for updates like MS SQL we install updates manually as we want to control exactly when it installs and reboots.  Luckily we only have a handful or two of those and it's not too difficult to handle manually.

    My main concern was with how your table seems to indicate that WU+DO does not have this aspect, though perhaps I'm misunderstanding your table and what you've said.

    Really do appreciate your feedback here, it'll help for sure if/when we want to see about using something besides WSUS to control how/when servers are updated and what shows up.

    Also for a bit more detail on the issue we hit with error 0x800f0922 I posted here in the Reddit Patch Thursday thread for July 2020.
    https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/hr2eav/patch_tuesday_megathread_20200714/fyd4ttu/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

    Also interesting information on the Dual Scan issue, I'll have to see if that's something we're hitting on the Windows 10 boxes our developers use.

     

    You seem to know a lot, have you figured out what causes the random 100% cpu/core use with the TiWorker process?  TiWorker is a process related to WU in case you're not familiar with that name.  It seems to happen randomly and I have yet to figure out why, though now that I know the WU logs better I need to take another look.  Normally it doesn't seem to happen outside of the weeks when we're doing patch Tuesday installs.  But it'll even sit there eating up a core with 100% use on a fully patched box.  😕  Mainly 2016 and 2019 but sometimes 2012 R2.

  • The_Smart_One's avatar
    The_Smart_One
    Iron Contributor
    Sep 11, 2020

    mle_ii  Hello, Mike. Thanks for the tip about 0x800f0922. It was driving me crazy for a while, and now, I know why it is not happening: The COVID-19 quarantine has brought that chance down. I'll make sure it'll never happens ever again.

     

    As for the admin approval mode:

    • The default WSUS settings make it check for updates (the term is "synchronize" in WSUS) round the clock and immediately install them, so that you won't end up installing WSUS and accidentally keep your network out of date. (Better to run up a huge Internet bill than have your latest military drone drawings stolen.) But immediately after the initial setup, you can delete all auto-approval rules, so that no update gets installed without your consent. Personally, I'd add an auto-approval rule for Windows Defender (and maybe MSE) only.
    • The bad news is that there are a huge lot of updates that you don't need and want to deny, e.g. 32-bit, prerelease, farm, failover cluster, security-only, and ARM64 updates. The good news is, after a year, my PowerShell script did all the denying with impeccable accuracy.
    • You can keep the rest of the updates in the pending state until your departments are ready to receive them, e.g. until midnight or whatever. I had schedules for them.
    • The most annoying part is remembering to disable Dual Scan.

    You can see all of this as either flexibility or complexity; I think it is both. But with WU+DO, none of them is possible; updates come whenever Windows Update (a piece of code that is dumber than soup) decides.

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(WSUS)","id":"message:1587536","revisionNum":2,"repliesCount":21,"author":{"__ref":"User:user:399308"},"depth":0,"hasGivenKudo":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Windows-ITPro-blog"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:1587536"},"messagePolicies":{"__typename":"MessagePolicies","canPublishArticleOnEdit":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_edit_workflow_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_edit_workflow_action.accessDenied","args":[]}},"canModerateSpamMessage":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.moderate_entity.allowed.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.moderate_entity.allowed.accessDenied","args":[]}}},"contentWorkflow":{"__typename":"ContentWorkflow","state":"PUBLISH","scheduledPublishTime":null,"scheduledTimezone":null,"userContext":{"__typename":"MessageWorkflowContext","canSubmitForReview":null,"canEdit":false,"canRecall":null,"canSubmitForPublication":null,"canReturnToAuthor":null,"canPublish":null,"canReturnToReview":null,"canSchedule":false},"shortScheduledTimezone":null},"readOnly":false,"editFrozen":false,"moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:1587536"},"teaser":"

Learn how to configure your WSUS servers to use HTTPS for greater protection against potential malware attacks.

\n

 

\n

\n

 

\n

 

","body":"

To help provide additional protection from potential malware attacks, Microsoft recommends using HTTPS with Windows Server Update Services (WSUS).

\n

In this post, we will walk you through the steps required to configure each of your WSUS servers to use HTTPS. We will then share details on how to obtain and bind the necessary certificate, enforce Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption, and configure WSUS to use HTTPS. From there, we will discuss how to configure clients to use HTTPS and how to configure WSUS to use HTTPS for synchronization for downstream servers only. We will conclude with a recommended configuration order. These steps are critical in keeping the clients within your organization more secure and we hope you will find this post helpful.

\n

At a time when malware attacks are on the rise across industries, configuring WSUS with HTTPS may further reduce the ability of a potential attacker to remotely compromise a client and elevate privileges. To ensure that the best security protocols are in place, we recommend that you use the SSL/TLS protocol to help secure your WSUS infrastructure. Windows Server Update Services uses SSL/TLS to authenticate client computers and downstream WSUS servers to the upstream WSUS server. WSUS also uses SSL/TLS to encrypt update metadata.

\n

Configuring WSUS to use HTTPS

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Note: Securing your server with TLS may result in a slight loss in performance.

\n
\n

To configure WSUS to use HTTPS, you will need to:

\n
    \n
  1. Obtain a certificate.
    2. \n
  2. Bind the certificate.
    3. \n
  3. Enforce SSL/TLS encryption (require SSL) on the following applications:\n
      \n
    1. ApiRemoting30
      2. \n
    2. ClientWebService
      3. \n
    3. DSSAuthWebService
      4. \n
    4. ServerSyncWebService
      5. \n
    5. SimpleAuthWebService
      6. \n
    \n
    4. \n
  4. Configure WSUS to use HTTPS using the wsusutil configuressl command.
    5. \n
  5. Configure clients to use HTTPS communications with WSUS, and specify the intranet Microsoft update service location.
    6. \n
\n

If you have downstream WSUS servers, you will need to complete an additional step. Please reference configure downstream WSUS servers to use HTTPS when syncing. (Use SSL when synchronizing update information.)

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Important: Follow the WSUS best practices for disabling recycling and configuring memory limits prior to configuring WSUS to use HTTPS.

\n
\n

Obtain a certificate

\n

There are a few methods available to obtain a certificate for use with Internet Information Services (IIS). For example, you can create a certificate request and send that request to a known certificate authority (CA), such as Verisign or GeoTrust, or obtain a certificate from an online CA in your intranet domain. If you are using an online CA in your intranet domain, you can follow the steps below to create the required certificate.

\n
    \n
  1. Log on to the WSUS server using a user account that is a member of the local Administrators group.

    NOTE: By default, the WebServer certificate template will only issue to Domain Admins. If the user logging in is not a domain admin, their user account will need to be granted the Enroll permission on the WebServer certificate template.

    2. \n
  2. Launch Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.
    3. \n
  3. Click on your server and then launch Server Certificates.
    4. \n
  4. In the Actions pane, select Create Domain Certificate.
    5. \n
  5. Fill in the Distinguished Name Properties and select Next. The Common name value must be the FQDN of the WSUS server.
    6. \n
  6. On the Online Certification Authority page, select your CA and enter a friendly name for the certificate and select Finish.
    7. \n
\n

Bind the certificate

\n
    \n
  1. In Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager expand your server, expand Sites, and select WSUS Administration.
    2. \n
  2. In the Actions pane, select Bindings.
    3. \n
  3. Select the SSL binding and click Edit.
    4. \n
  4. In the drop-down for SSL certificate, select the appropriate SSL certificate and click OK.
    5. \n
  5. Select Close on the Site Bindings dialog box.
    6. \n
\n

Enforce SSL/TLS encryption

\n
    \n
  1. In Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager expand your server, expand Sites, and expand WSUS Administration.
    2. \n
  2. Select the application ApiRemoting30 and launch SSL Settings.
    3. \n
  3. Check Require SSL and then click Apply.
    4. \n
  4. Repeat the same steps for the other applications noted above.
    5. \n
\n

Configure WSUS to use HTTPS

\n
    \n
  1. Launch an elevated command prompt on the WSUS server.
    2. \n
  2. Navigate to your WSUS installation folder, e.g. cd “c:\\Program Files\\Update Services\\Tools”.
    3. \n
  3. Execute the following command:
    WSUSUtil.exe configuressl FQDNofWSUSServer
    4. \n
  4. Restart the WSUS server to make sure all changes take effect.
    5. \n
\n

Configure clients to use HTTPS

\n

To configure clients to require HTTPS communication to the WSUS server, simply update the domain Group Policy Object (GPO) or the Configuration Service Provider (CSP) policy used to configure WSUS to leverage HTTPS and the desired port.

\n\n

Configure WSUS to use HTTPS for synchronization (Downstream servers only)

\n
    \n
  1. Log on to the WSUS server using a user account that is a member of the local Administrators group or the WSUS Administrators group.
    2. \n
  2. Launch Windows Server Update Services.
    3. \n
  3. In the right pane, expand the server name.
    4. \n
  4. Select Options, and then select Update Source and Proxy Server.
    5. \n
  5. On the Update Source tab, under Synchronize from another Windows Server Update Services server, type the port number that the server uses for SSL connections into the Port number text box.
    6. \n
  6. Select Use SSL when synchronizing update information and then select OK.
    7. \n
\n

Configuration order

\n

Because every WSUS server must be configured to use the SSL/TLS protocol, the order in which the steps are performed will depend on your environment. If you have a simple infrastructure where the required steps can be performed on all WSUS servers within a single timeframe, then a top-down approach can be used. However, if you have a large infrastructure that will require a phased approach, then a bottom-up approach should be used.

\n

Example 1: Environment with a small number of WSUS Servers

\n

In this example, it is assumed that all WSUS servers can be configured within a single timeframe. In this case, the upstream WSUS server can be configured first using the steps above. Any downstream WSUS servers can then be configured using the steps above in addition to setting the WSUS option to Use SSL when synchronizing update information.

\n

Example 2: Environment with many WSUS Servers

\n

In this example, it is assumed that a phased approach will be required to configure all WSUS servers. In this case, a bottom-up approach should be leveraged. All downstream WSUS servers should be configured for HTTPS before their upstream WSUS server is configured to use HTTPS. After their upstream WSUS server is configured to use HTTPS, the WSUS setting Use SSL when synchronizing update information on each downstream server can be enabled.

\n

Call to action

\n

We recommend that you review the security of your WSUS infrastructure. If HTTPS is not currently in use, see Securing WSUS and follow the instructions in this article to achieve a greater level of security.

\n

 

","body@stringLength":"13707","rawBody":"

To help provide additional protection from potential malware attacks, Microsoft recommends using HTTPS with Windows Server Update Services (WSUS).

\n

In this post, we will walk you through the steps required to configure each of your WSUS servers to use HTTPS. We will then share details on how to obtain and bind the necessary certificate, enforce Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption, and configure WSUS to use HTTPS. From there, we will discuss how to configure clients to use HTTPS and how to configure WSUS to use HTTPS for synchronization for downstream servers only. We will conclude with a recommended configuration order. These steps are critical in keeping the clients within your organization more secure and we hope you will find this post helpful.

\n

At a time when malware attacks are on the rise across industries, configuring WSUS with HTTPS may further reduce the ability of a potential attacker to remotely compromise a client and elevate privileges. To ensure that the best security protocols are in place, we recommend that you use the SSL/TLS protocol to help secure your WSUS infrastructure. Windows Server Update Services uses SSL/TLS to authenticate client computers and downstream WSUS servers to the upstream WSUS server. WSUS also uses SSL/TLS to encrypt update metadata.

\n

Configuring WSUS to use HTTPS

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Note: Securing your server with TLS may result in a slight loss in performance.

\n
\n

To configure WSUS to use HTTPS, you will need to:

\n
    \n
  1. Obtain a certificate.
    2. \n
  2. Bind the certificate.
    3. \n
  3. Enforce SSL/TLS encryption (require SSL) on the following applications:\n
      \n
    1. ApiRemoting30
      2. \n
    2. ClientWebService
      3. \n
    3. DSSAuthWebService
      4. \n
    4. ServerSyncWebService
      5. \n
    5. SimpleAuthWebService
      6. \n
    \n
    4. \n
  4. Configure WSUS to use HTTPS using the wsusutil configuressl command.
    5. \n
  5. Configure clients to use HTTPS communications with WSUS, and specify the intranet Microsoft update service location.
    6. \n
\n

If you have downstream WSUS servers, you will need to complete an additional step. Please reference configure downstream WSUS servers to use HTTPS when syncing. (Use SSL when synchronizing update information.)

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Important: Follow the WSUS best practices for disabling recycling and configuring memory limits prior to configuring WSUS to use HTTPS.

\n
\n

Obtain a certificate

\n

There are a few methods available to obtain a certificate for use with Internet Information Services (IIS). For example, you can create a certificate request and send that request to a known certificate authority (CA), such as Verisign or GeoTrust, or obtain a certificate from an online CA in your intranet domain. If you are using an online CA in your intranet domain, you can follow the steps below to create the required certificate.

\n
    \n
  1. Log on to the WSUS server using a user account that is a member of the local Administrators group.

    NOTE: By default, the WebServer certificate template will only issue to Domain Admins. If the user logging in is not a domain admin, their user account will need to be granted the Enroll permission on the WebServer certificate template.

    2. \n
  2. Launch Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.
    3. \n
  3. Click on your server and then launch Server Certificates.
    4. \n
  4. In the Actions pane, select Create Domain Certificate.
    5. \n
  5. Fill in the Distinguished Name Properties and select Next. The Common name value must be the FQDN of the WSUS server.
    6. \n
  6. On the Online Certification Authority page, select your CA and enter a friendly name for the certificate and select Finish.
    7. \n
\n

Bind the certificate

\n
    \n
  1. In Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager expand your server, expand Sites, and select WSUS Administration.
    2. \n
  2. In the Actions pane, select Bindings.
    3. \n
  3. Select the SSL binding and click Edit.
    4. \n
  4. In the drop-down for SSL certificate, select the appropriate SSL certificate and click OK.
    5. \n
  5. Select Close on the Site Bindings dialog box.
    6. \n
\n

Enforce SSL/TLS encryption

\n
    \n
  1. In Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager expand your server, expand Sites, and expand WSUS Administration.
    2. \n
  2. Select the application ApiRemoting30 and launch SSL Settings.
    3. \n
  3. Check Require SSL and then click Apply.
    4. \n
  4. Repeat the same steps for the other applications noted above.
    5. \n
\n

Configure WSUS to use HTTPS

\n
    \n
  1. Launch an elevated command prompt on the WSUS server.
    2. \n
  2. Navigate to your WSUS installation folder, e.g. cd “c:\\Program Files\\Update Services\\Tools”.
    3. \n
  3. Execute the following command:
    WSUSUtil.exe configuressl FQDNofWSUSServer
    4. \n
  4. Restart the WSUS server to make sure all changes take effect.
    5. \n
\n

Configure clients to use HTTPS

\n

To configure clients to require HTTPS communication to the WSUS server, simply update the domain Group Policy Object (GPO) or the Configuration Service Provider (CSP) policy used to configure WSUS to leverage HTTPS and the desired port.

\n\n

Configure WSUS to use HTTPS for synchronization (Downstream servers only)

\n
    \n
  1. Log on to the WSUS server using a user account that is a member of the local Administrators group or the WSUS Administrators group.
    2. \n
  2. Launch Windows Server Update Services.
    3. \n
  3. In the right pane, expand the server name.
    4. \n
  4. Select Options, and then select Update Source and Proxy Server.
    5. \n
  5. On the Update Source tab, under Synchronize from another Windows Server Update Services server, type the port number that the server uses for SSL connections into the Port number text box.
    6. \n
  6. Select Use SSL when synchronizing update information and then select OK.
    7. \n
\n

Configuration order

\n

Because every WSUS server must be configured to use the SSL/TLS protocol, the order in which the steps are performed will depend on your environment. If you have a simple infrastructure where the required steps can be performed on all WSUS servers within a single timeframe, then a top-down approach can be used. However, if you have a large infrastructure that will require a phased approach, then a bottom-up approach should be used.

\n

Example 1: Environment with a small number of WSUS Servers

\n

In this example, it is assumed that all WSUS servers can be configured within a single timeframe. In this case, the upstream WSUS server can be configured first using the steps above. Any downstream WSUS servers can then be configured using the steps above in addition to setting the WSUS option to Use SSL when synchronizing update information.

\n

Example 2: Environment with many WSUS Servers

\n

In this example, it is assumed that a phased approach will be required to configure all WSUS servers. In this case, a bottom-up approach should be leveraged. All downstream WSUS servers should be configured for HTTPS before their upstream WSUS server is configured to use HTTPS. After their upstream WSUS server is configured to use HTTPS, the WSUS setting Use SSL when synchronizing update information on each downstream server can be enabled.

\n

Call to action

\n

We recommend that you review the security of your WSUS infrastructure. If HTTPS is not currently in use, see Securing WSUS and follow the instructions in this article to achieve a greater level of security.

\n

 

","kudosSumWeight":0,"postTime":"2020-08-13T11:39:02.994-07:00","images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0xNTg3NTM2LTIxMjI5OWkzOTA0RjRFNUEyNDFGOEUx?revision=2\"}"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"tags":{"__typename":"TagConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDE","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:security","text":"security","time":"2016-06-23T13:36:20.889-07:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}},{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDI","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:servicing and updates","text":"servicing and updates","time":"2018-04-19T09:58:29.527-07:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}}]},"timeToRead":5,"rawTeaser":"

Learn how to configure your WSUS servers to use HTTPS for greater protection against potential malware attacks.

\n

 

\n

\n

 

\n

 

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Contributor","color":"333333","icon":null,"rankStyle":"TEXT"},"User:user:176872":{"__typename":"User","id":"user:176872","uid":176872,"login":"FrankMan","biography":null,"registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null,"registrationTime":"2018-08-16T03:12:33.147-07:00"},"deleted":false,"email":"","avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-9.svg?time=0"},"rank":{"__ref":"Rank:rank:37"},"entityType":"USER","eventPath":"community:gxcuf89792/user:176872"},"ModerationData:moderation_data:4156986":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:4156986","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:4156986":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:176872"},"id":"message:4156986","revisionNum":1,"uid":4156986,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Windows-ITPro-blog"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:1587536"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:1587536"},"subject":"Re: Security best practices for Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:4156986"},"body":"

I'm confused regarding the command \"WSUSUtil.exe configuressl FQDNofWSUSServer\" and it's output. No matter what I try the command always returns as URL http://server:8530. When I check a sample output of the command under https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/sum/get-started/software-update-point-ssl#bkmk_wsusutil I would expect that the returned output of the command should be https://fqdn:8531.

 

I tried the command on several systems but I always get the same output. Not sure if I'm missing something or not. I can connect to the WSUS via SSL and 8531 and everything looks like as it is working. But I'm still wondering.

 

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good.nice

","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"11","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2021-01-05T19:26:10.824-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-01-05T19:26:10.824-08:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":34846},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Windows/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Windows-ITPro-blog/message:1587536/message:2034967","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:1973931":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:1973931","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:1973931":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:399308"},"id":"message:1973931","revisionNum":1,"uid":1973931,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Windows-ITPro-blog"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:1587536"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:1587536"},"subject":"Re: Security best practices for Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:1973931"},"body":"

RSA111 yes. This assumes you have clients communicating with the DSS for which you want to leverage https. What you have configured thus far covers the communication between the USS and DSS.

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Dear Michael_Cureton can you please consider to leave an update on RSA111 question?

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HI, 

For configuring WSUS downstream server (which is a replica of upstream server) do I need to perform IIS -> Certificate Bind -> SSL/TLS Encryption force on downstream server as well?

 

I have just followed below points on downstream so far :- 

  1. Select Options, and then select Update Source and Proxy Server.
  2. On the Update Source tab, under Synchronize from another Windows Server Update Services server, type the port number that the server uses for SSL connections into the Port number text box.
  3. Select Use SSL when synchronizing update information and then select OK.
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The_Smart_One I am aware we are offtopic discussing DO for most time, yet I find it important because the thing is yes WSUS is scifi class \"Lost tech\"

 

I've seen this comparison you brough up long ago.

I can pretty much recall it because the funny scifi classification.

 

\"WU+DO doesn't. (1) The only choice it gives you is to check for updates for all supported Microsoft products, not just Windows. (2) It checks for update whenever it likes and downloads them immediately, (3 and 4) won't give you any chance to test or approve them, and (5) installs them immediately. You might be able to emulate #3 and #4 using Group Policy and Intune\"

 

you can

- setup groups and rings via GPO and control install and download time, and enforcements (watch enforcements will disable any set time)

- thus you can test using WU+DO, it does not mean everyone gets same updates at a time. Use GPO and security groups to apply on computer accounts. Use DO GPO to control peer to peer.

- dashboard: Desktop Health dashboard in Azure / Analytics (paid per use)

 

you cannot: 

- manage to approve updates - this is by design - Microsoft wants us to stop doing that and rather using policies. install on the 1st week of months of prev. updates is fine with most scenarios. One week earlier for testing.

 

- revoke updates / uninstall updates at scale without powershell scripting.

 

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The_Smart_One  Yeah, most times the 100% cpu use just \"magically\" goes away on its own by the time I have a chance to look at it, and I cannot figure out the repro for our setup.

 

You were talking about the \"Supports admin approval\" field in my table.

Got it, that's what I thought I understood from your table, thanks for the confirmation.  That is pretty bad that WU+DO does what it does there.  Apparently these folks don't maintain servers on their own.  And indeed WSUS can pull down SQL Server updates, luckily all I use that feature for is to see what SQL server updates there are for our servers.  I then create a case to handle those manually due to them requiring downtime and don't approve them in WSUS so they don't get applied without our say so.

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mle_ii

You seem to know a lot, have you figured out what causes the random 100% cpu/core use with the TiWorker process?

I saw it but while I was investigating it, the problem disappeared. I suspect it is because I started using a modified version of Invoke-WsusDbMaintenance.ps1 by Prox. The modifications are mine, so don't worry about copyright stuff.

 

My main concern was with how your table seems to indicate that WU+DO does not have this aspect, though perhaps I'm misunderstanding your table and what you've said.

Okay, let me try again. You were talking about the \"Supports admin approval\" field in my table. This field says \"WU+DO\" does NOT support admin approval while WSUS does. What I meant was this:

So, (i) if you enable Windows Update on your SQL Server machines, (ii) tell it to check for all kinds of updates (not just Windows), and (iii) Windows Update supports SQL Server, then WU tries to update your SQL Server whenever it wants. The third part is what trips me. Does WU support SQL Server? I don't know. (We used SQL Server a long time ago, and only briefly. Our in-house developers moved on to MariaDB. I've seen things like \"SQL Sever 2019 Cumulative Update\" on WSUS though.)

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Sorry if I wasn't clear, we use WSUS and it's my job to go through and approve/release/deny updates there on the server.  We also use it to tell us what is out of date for other things that we install manually as we cannot have unexpected/uncontrolled downtime.  We are able to control most of it and patching through our scripting, but for updates like MS SQL we install updates manually as we want to control exactly when it installs and reboots.  Luckily we only have a handful or two of those and it's not too difficult to handle manually.

My main concern was with how your table seems to indicate that WU+DO does not have this aspect, though perhaps I'm misunderstanding your table and what you've said.

Really do appreciate your feedback here, it'll help for sure if/when we want to see about using something besides WSUS to control how/when servers are updated and what shows up.

Also for a bit more detail on the issue we hit with error 0x800f0922 I posted here in the Reddit Patch Thursday thread for July 2020.
https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/hr2eav/patch_tuesday_megathread_20200714/fyd4ttu/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

Also interesting information on the Dual Scan issue, I'll have to see if that's something we're hitting on the Windows 10 boxes our developers use.

 

You seem to know a lot, have you figured out what causes the random 100% cpu/core use with the TiWorker process?  TiWorker is a process related to WU in case you're not familiar with that name.  It seems to happen randomly and I have yet to figure out why, though now that I know the WU logs better I need to take another look.  Normally it doesn't seem to happen outside of the weeks when we're doing patch Tuesday installs.  But it'll even sit there eating up a core with 100% use on a fully patched box.  😕  Mainly 2016 and 2019 but sometimes 2012 R2.

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mle_ii  Hello, Mike. Thanks for the tip about 0x800f0922. It was driving me crazy for a while, and now, I know why it is not happening: The COVID-19 quarantine has brought that chance down. I'll make sure it'll never happens ever again.

 

As for the admin approval mode:

You can see all of this as either flexibility or complexity; I think it is both. But with WU+DO, none of them is possible; updates come whenever Windows Update (a piece of code that is dumber than soup) decides.

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