It seems that after installing the CAB file using DISM on Windows 10 1809, you still have to do more to add the language to the list in the language settings. There are a couple powershell commands you can run to do this... but they have to be run AS THE USER that needs to select the language. In my case (and maybe others), there does not appear to be a way to add languages to a machine during build time and have those languages available for any user to select.
For reference, here is what works for me:
Installing ALL language CAB files (client language pack plus ALL FOD CAB files) via DISM:
Get-ChildItem -filter *.cab | % {Add-WindowsPackage -Online -PackagePath $($_.name)}
After they are all added, run these commands (Japanese for example):
$LangCode = "ja-JP"
$langs = Get-WinUserLanguageList
$langs.add($LangCode)
Set-WinUserLanguageList $langs -force
I hope this helps others.