Ken_Tryon I used sudo - I haven't enabled root logins on any Mac so far, though it's good to know that's possible. And yes, ditto(1) is command line. You don't need to create the directory in advance. For example, you could do
% ditto /Users/Username /Volumes/External/Username
to clone Username's home directory onto the External volume. It's probably good enough to specify /Volumes/External, i.e. the destination directory, just like with cp -R or mv, but I found the man page slightly ambiguous on that point so I specified the full pathname I wanted the cloned directory to have.
And just FTR, no, on most other Unix systems the file wouldn't be associated with the user name in perpetuity, but with a numeric UID which could belong to a different user on a different system. It all depends on which user is mapped to that UID on a given system, traditionally via /etc/passwd (but not, it seems, under MacOS - I don't see any of my user accounts in /etc/passwd). That's the behavior I'm used to, so the way things work in Apple world was a bit of a surprise, to say the least.