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Single Page Application(SPA) is really important technology for web apps developers.
In ASP.NET Core, there is SPA integration feature.
You can see it on create a new project wizard...
sbzdyl I think you also have to change API path to production on HelloWorld.vue.
There is a code to call /api/value API.
const r = await fetch('/api/values');
After rewriting the path to '/your app name/api/values', I guess you can see a correct page on IIS.
But it is not good approach, I have updated the github repo(https://github.com/runceel/VueJsAndAspNetCore) to use .NET Core 3.1, latest Vue CLI, and adding a few changes easy to deploy to IIS.
Could you try following steps?
Clone the repo
Change publicPath on vue.config.js like following: