Invisibletoe I removed your image from your original comment to protect your privacy. From what I can tell based on your version number, you're version was last updated in July of 2020. This means that most likely your admin for your edu account has configured you for semi-annual updates of Office. This means that next July is likely the first time you will have access to StockHistory function on your Mac. If you are the admin for your subscription you can change to current channel and should get an update to Office that would include the function. Overview of update channels for Microsoft 365 Apps - Deploy Office | Microsoft Docs
One thing you can try is going to Excel.office.com and trying to use the function in the Web browser. If you are still unable to use the function signed in with your edu email on the Web, we may have a bug. Please send feedback from the Help tab in Excel for the Web and include ATTN: KayceeR in the body of your problem report.