Not able to setup azure private endpoint url as webservice/backend for Azure API Management service
Hi all, I have integrated Private endpoint connected to private link service. Private link service is created by azure standard load balancer created by kubernetes load balancer service using below annotations . annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true" service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-create: "true" service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-name: myPLS service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-ip-configuration-subnet: YOUR SUBNET service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-ip-configuration-ip-address-count: "1" service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-ip-configuration-ip-address: SUBNET_IP service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-proxy-protocol: "false" service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-visibility: "*" # does not apply here because we will use Front Door later service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-pls-auto-approval: "YOUR SUBSCRIPTION ID" i am getting expected response i.e response from kubernetes service from Private endpoint ip which confirms that private link and private endpoint integration is working fine. we now want to integrate above private endpoint service with azure api management service so we tried adding private endpoint url as web service url for api management service but api management service is returning 500 error { "statusCode": 500, "message": "Internal server error", "activityId": "76261291-7121-4814-b0e4-66b52284d76c" } I also tried api management service Troubleshoot & analysis page for exact error its showing below error: BackendConnectionFailure An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions <private_endpoint_url>:80 Please help me what i am doing wrong in this implementation Our requirement is to have kubernetes private load balancer and integrate it with azure api management service. so user can access api only through api management service and only api management service should be able to access load balancer service. Thanks in advanceAzure Networking Portfolio Consolidation
Overview Over the past decade, Azure Networking has expanded rapidly, bringing incredible tools and capabilities to help customers build, connect, and secure their cloud infrastructure. But we've also heard strong feedback: with over 40 different products, it hasn't always been easy to navigate and find the right solution. The complexity often led to confusion, slower onboarding, and missed capabilities. That's why we're excited to introduce a more focused, streamlined, and intuitive experience across Azure.com, the Azure portal, and our documentation pivoting around four core networking scenarios: Network foundations: Network foundations provide the core connectivity for your resources, using Virtual Network, Private Link, and DNS to build the foundation for your Azure network. Try it with this link: Network foundations Hybrid connectivity: Hybrid connectivity securely connects on-premises, private, and public cloud environments, enabling seamless integration, global availability, and end-to-end visibility, presenting major opportunities as organizations advance their cloud transformation. Try it with this link: Hybrid connectivity Load balancing and content delivery: Load balancing and content delivery helps you choose the right option to ensure your applications are fast, reliable, and tailored to your business needs. Try it with this link: Load balancing and content delivery Network security: Securing your environment is just as essential as building and connecting it. The Network Security hub brings together Azure Firewall, DDoS Protection, and Web Application Firewall (WAF) to provide a centralized, unified approach to cloud protection. With unified controls, it helps you manage security more efficiently and strengthen your security posture. Try it with this link: Network security This new structure makes it easier to discover the right networking services and get started with just a few clicks so you can focus more on building, and less on searching. What you’ll notice: Clearer starting points: Azure Networking is now organized around four core scenarios and twelve essential services, reflecting the most common customer needs. Additional services are presented within the context of these scenarios, helping you stay focused and find the right solution without feeling overwhelmed. Simplified choices: We’ve merged overlapping or closely related services to reduce redundancy. That means fewer, more meaningful options that are easier to evaluate and act on. Sunsetting outdated services: To reduce clutter and improve clarity, we’re sunsetting underused offerings such as white-label CDN services and China CDN. These capabilities have been rolled into newer, more robust services, so you can focus on what’s current and supported. What this means for you Faster decision-making: With clearer guidance and fewer overlapping products, it's easier to discover what you need and move forward confidently. More productive sales conversations: With this simplified approach, you’ll get more focused recommendations and less confusion among sellers. Better product experience: This update makes the Azure Networking portfolio more cohesive and consistent, helping you get started quickly, stay aligned with best practices, and unlock more value from day one. The portfolio consolidation initiative is a strategic effort to simplify and enhance the Azure Networking portfolio, ensuring better alignment with customer needs and industry best practices. By focusing on top-line services, combining related products, and retiring outdated offerings, Azure Networking aims to provide a more cohesive and efficient product experience. Azure.com Before: Our original Solution page on Azure.com was disorganized and static, displaying a small portion of services in no discernable order. After: The revised solution page is now dynamic, allowing customers to click deeper into each networking and network security category, displaying the top line services, simplifying the customer experience. Azure Portal Before: With over 40 networking services available, we know it can feel overwhelming to figure out what’s right for you and where to get started. After: To make it easier, we've introduced four streamlined networking hubs each built around a specific scenario to help you quickly identify the services that match your needs. Each offers an overview to set the stage, key services to help you get started, guidance to support decision-making, and a streamlined left-hand navigation for easy access to all services and features. Documentation For documentation, we looked at our current assets as well as created new assets that aligned with the changes in the portal experience. Like Azure.com, we found the old experiences were disorganized and not well aligned. We updated our assets to focus on our top-line networking services, and to call out the pillars. Our belief is these changes will allow our customers to more easily find the relevant and important information they need for their Azure infrastructure. Azure Network Hub Before the updates, we had a hub page organized around different categories and not well laid out. In the updated hub page, we provided relevant links for top-line services within all of the Azure networking scenarios, as well as a section linking to each scenario's hub page. Scenario Hub pages We added scenario hub pages for each of the scenarios. This provides our customers with a central hub for information about the top-line services for each scenario and how to get started. Also, we included common scenarios and use cases for each scenario, along with references for deeper learning across the Azure Architecture Center, Well Architected Framework, and Cloud Adoption Framework libraries. Scenario Overview articles We created new overview articles for each scenario. These articles were designed to provide customers with an introduction to the services included in each scenario, guidance on choosing the right solutions, and an introduction to the new portal experience. Here's the Load balancing and content delivery overview: Documentation links Azure Networking hub page: Azure networking documentation | Microsoft Learn Scenario Hub pages: Azure load balancing and content delivery | Microsoft Learn Azure network foundation documentation | Microsoft Learn Azure hybrid connectivity documentation | Microsoft Learn Azure network security documentation | Microsoft Learn Scenario Overview pages What is load balancing and content delivery? | Microsoft Learn Azure Network Foundation Services Overview | Microsoft Learn What is hybrid connectivity? | Microsoft Learn What is Azure network security? | Microsoft Lea Improving user experience is a journey and in coming months we plan to do more on this. Watch out for more blogs over the next few months for further improvements.
Unlock enterprise AI/ML with confidence: Azure Application Gateway as your scalable AI access layer
As enterprises accelerate their adoption of generative AI and machine learning to transform operations, enhance productivity, and deliver smarter customer experiences, Microsoft Azure has emerged as a leading platform for hosting and scaling intelligent applications. With offerings like Azure OpenAI, Azure Machine Learning, and Cognitive Services, organizations are building copilots, virtual agents, recommendation engines, and advanced analytics platforms that push the boundaries of what is possible. However, scaling these applications to serve global users introduces new complexities: latency, traffic bursts, backend rate limits, quota distribution, and regional failovers must all be managed effectively to ensure seamless user experiences and resilient architectures. Azure Application Gateway: The AI access layer Azure Application Gateway plays a foundational role in enabling AI/ML at scale by acting as a high-performance Layer 7 reverse proxy—built to intelligently route, protect, and optimize traffic between clients and AI services. Hundreds of enterprise customers are already using Azure Application Gateway to efficiently manage traffic across diverse Azure-hosted AI/ML models—ensuring uptime, performance, and security at global scale. The AI delivery challenge Inferencing against AI/ML backends is more than connecting to a service. It is about doing so: Reliably: across regions, regardless of load conditions Securely: protecting access from bad actors and abusive patterns Efficiently: minimizing latency and request cost Scalable: handling bursts and high concurrency without errors Observably: with real-time insights, diagnostics, and feedback loops for proactive tuning Key features of Azure Application Gateway for AI traffic Smart request distribution: Path-based and round-robin routing across OpenAI and ML endpoints. Built-in health probes: Automatically bypass unhealthy endpoints Security enforcement: With WAF, TLS offload, and mTLS to protect sensitive AI/ML workloads Unified endpoint: Expose a single endpoint for clients; manage complexity internally. Observability: Full diagnostics, logs, and metrics for traffic and routing visibility. Smart rewrite rules: Append path, or rewrite headers per policy. Horizontal scalability: Easily scale to handle surges in demand by distributing load across multiple regions, instances, or models. SSE and real-time streaming: Optimize connection handling and buffering to enable seamless AI response streaming. Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) Protections for AI/ML Workloads When deploying AI/ML workloads, especially those exposed via APIs, model endpoints, or interactive web apps, security is as critical as performance. A modern WAF helps protect not just the application, but also the sensitive models, training data, and inference pipelines behind it. Core Protections: SQL injection – Prevents malicious database queries targeting training datasets, metadata stores, or experiment tracking systems. Cross-site scripting (XSS) – Blocks injected scripts that could compromise AI dashboards, model monitoring tools, or annotation platforms. Malformed payloads – Stops corrupted or adversarial crafted inputs designed to break parsing logic or exploit model pre/post-processing pipelines. Bot protections – Bot Protection Rule Set detects & blocks known malicious bot patterns (credential stuffing, password spraying). Block traffic based on request body size, HTTP headers, IP addresses, or geolocation to prevent oversized payloads or region-specific attacks on model APIs. Enforce header requirements to ensure only authorized clients can access model inference or fine-tuning endpoints. Rate limiting based on IP, headers, or user agent to prevent inference overloads, cost spikes, or denial of service against AI models. By integrating these WAF protections, AI/ML workloads can be shielded from both conventional web threats and emerging AI-specific attack vectors, ensuring models remain accurate, reliable, and secure. Architecture Real-world architectures with Azure Application Gateway Industries across sectors rely on Azure Application Gateway to securely expose AI and ML workloads: Healthcare → Protecting patient-facing copilots and clinical decision support tools with HIPAA-compliant routing, private inference endpoints, and strict access control. Finance → Safeguarding trading assistants, fraud-detection APIs, and customer chatbots with enterprise WAF rules, rate limiting, and region-specific compliance. Retail & eCommerce → Defending product recommendation engines, conversational shopping copilots, and personalization APIs from scraping and automated abuse. Manufacturing & industrial IoT → Securing AI-driven quality control, predictive maintenance APIs, and digital twin interfaces with private routing and bot protection. Education → Hosting learning copilots and tutoring assistants safely behind WAF, preventing misuse while scaling access for students and researchers. Public sector & government → Enforcing FIPS-compliant TLS, private routing, and zero-trust controls for citizen services and AI-powered case management. Telecommunications & media → Protecting inference endpoints powering real-time translation, content moderation, and media recommendations at scale. Energy & utilities → Safeguarding smart grid analytics, sustainability dashboards, and AI-powered forecasting models through secure gateway routing. Advanced integrations Position Azure Application Gateway as the secure, scalable network entry point to your AI infrastructure Private-only Azure Application Gateway: Host AI endpoints entirely within virtual networks for secure internal access SSE support: Configure HTTP settings for streaming completions via Server-Sent Events Azure Application Gateway+ Azure Functions: Build adaptive policies that reroute traffic based on usage, cost, or time of day Azure Application Gateway + API management to protect OpenAI workloads What’s next: Adaptive AI gateways Microsoft is evolving Azure Application Gateway into a more intelligent, AI aware platform with capabilities such as: Auto rerouting to healthy endpoints or more cost-efficient models. Dynamic token management directly within Azure Application Gateway to optimize AI inference usage. Integrated feedback loops with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics for real-time performance tuning. The goal is to transform Azure Application Gateway from a traditional traffic manager into an adaptive inference orchestrator one that predicts failures, optimizes operational costs, and safeguards AI workloads from misuse. Conclusion Azure Application Gateway is not just a load balancer—it’s becoming a critical enabler for enterprise-grade AI delivery. Today, it delivers smart routing, security enforcement, adaptive observability, and a compliance-ready architecture, enabling organizations to scale AI confidently while safeguarding performance and cost. Looking ahead, Microsoft’s vision includes future capabilities such as quota resiliency to intelligently manage and balance AI usage limits, auto-rerouting to healthy endpoints or more cost-efficient models, dynamic token management within Azure Application Gateway to optimize inference usage, and integrated feedback loops with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics for real-time performance tuning. Together, these advancements will transform Azure Application Gateway from a traditional traffic manager into an adaptive inference orchestrator capable of anticipating failures, optimizing costs, and protecting AI workloads from misuse. If you’re building with Azure OpenAI, Machine Learning, or Cognitive Services, let Azure Application Gateway be your intelligent command center—anticipating needs, adapting in real time, and orchestrating every interaction so your AI can deliver with precision, security, and limitless scale. For more information, please visit: What is Azure Application Gateway v2? | Microsoft Learn What Is Azure Web Application Firewall on Azure Application Gateway? | Microsoft Learn Azure Application Gateway URL-based content routing overview | Microsoft Learn Using Server-sent events with Application Gateway (Preview) | Microsoft Learn AI Architecture Design - Azure Architecture Center | Microsoft Learn
Decoding On-Premises ADC Rules: Migration to Azure Application Gateway
Overview As Azure Application Gateway evolves, many organizations are considering how their existing on-premises solutions—such as F5, NetScaler, and Radware—can transition to leverage Azure’s native services. During this shift to cloud-native architecture, a frequent question arises: ‘Can Application Gateway support my current load balancing configurations?’” The short answer: It depends on your use case. With the right approach, the transition can be smooth, scalable, and secure. Azure Application Gateway, especially when used with Azure-native services like Web Application Firewall (WAF), Azure Front Door, and Azure Firewall, can support common use cases. This guide provides a functional comparison, outlines what’s supported and offers a blueprint for successful migration. Key Capabilities of Application Gateway Azure Application Gateway v2 brings a host of enhancements that align with the needs of modern, cloud-first organizations: Autoscaling & Zone Redundancy Native WAF + Azure DDoS Protection Native support for Header Rewrites, URL-based routing, and SSL termination Integration with Azure Monitor, Log Analytics, Defender for Cloud Azure-native deployment: ARM/Bicep, CLI, GitOps, Terraform, CI/CD These features make App Gateway a strong option for cloud-first and hybrid scenarios, especially for cloud-first and hybrid scenarios. customers benefit from simplified operations, improved agility, and enhanced security. What are ADC Rules? On-premises ADCs (Application Delivery Controllers) often include advanced traffic management features, such as iRules and Citrix policy expressions. These Layer 4–7 devices go beyond basic load balancing, enabling traffic manipulation at various stages of the connection lifecycle. ADCs are powerful, flexible, and often deeply embedded in enterprise traffic logic. If you rely on these features, migration is still possible—Azure Application Gateway supports many commonly used functionalities out of the box. Common ADCs scenarios: Redirects and rewrites IP filtering and geo-blocking Custom error handling Event-driven logic like HTTP_REQUEST, CLIENT_ACCEPTED Application Gateway Feature Patterns ADCs traffic management features are powerful and flexible, often deeply embedded in enterprise traffic flows. Application Gateway does provide native support for many common scenarios. In this guide, we’ll show you how to translate advanced rules typical patterns into configurations. [Note]: When migrating WAF rules, enable detection mode first to identify false positives before enforcing blocks Citrix Features iRule Feature App Gateway v2 Equivalent Supported for App Gateway? Responder Policies Redirects (301/302) Native redirect rules ✅ Rewrite Policies Header rewrites Rewrite Set rules ✅ GSLB + Responder Policies Geo-based Routing Combining with Azure Front Door ✅ Content Switching Policies URL-based routing Path-based routing rules ✅ Responder/ACLs IP filtering WAF custom rules or NSGs ✅ GSLB + Policy Expressions Geo-blocking WAF rules ✅ Content Switching Policies Path-based routing URL path maps ✅ Content Switching / Rewrite Policies Header-based Routing Limited with parameter-based path selection ➗ Advanced Policy Expressions (Regex supported) Regex-based routing Limited regex support via path parameters ➗ Priority Queues / Rate Control Real-time traffic shaping Limited with Azure Front Door ➗ AppExpert with TCP expressions TCP payload inspection Not supported ❌ Not supported Event-driven hooks (HTTP_REQUEST, etc) Not supported ❌ Not Supported Query Pool Not supported ❌ Not supported Per-request scripting Not supported ❌ Deep packet inspection + Policies (limited) Payload-based routing Not supported ❌ Not supported Full scripting (TCL) Not supported ❌ Translating Advanced Rules Migrating features such as iRules and Citrix policy expressions from ADCs is less about line-by-line translation and more about recognizing patterns. Think of it as translating a language—not word-for-word, but intent-for-intent. How to get started: Tool-assisted translation: Use Copilot or GPT-based tools to translate common ADC rule patterns. Inventory & analyze: Break complex rules into modular App Gateway functions (Redirects, Rewrites) Document: Document everything of original goal and their translated equivalents. Where to Configure in Azure You can implement routing and rewrite logic via: Azure portal UI Azure CLI / PowerShell (az network application-gateway) ARM templates / Bicep (for infrastructure-as-code deployments) REST API (for automation/CI-CD pipelines) Example: Configure header rewrite in the portal Open your Application Gateway in the Azure portal Navigate to Rewrites on the sidebar Click + Add Rewrite Set, then apply it to your routing rule Define your rewrite conditions and actions [NOTE]: Not sure what rewrites are? Learn more here about Rewrite HTTP Headers. Rewrite configuration: click + Add Rewrite set to apply a new Rewrite to your routing rule: Resources Application Gateway v1 to v2: Migrate from App Gateway v1 to v2 Best Practices: Architecture Best Practices for Azure Application Gateway v2 - Microsoft Azure Well-Architected Framework | Microsoft Learn Rewrites: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/application-gateway/rewrite-http-headers-url Header-based routing: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/application-gateway/parameter-based-path-selection-portal Tuning WAF rules: Tune Azure Web Application Firewall for Azure Front Door | Microsoft Learn Conclusion While AI-powered assistants can help interpret and translate common ADC traffic management patterns, manual recreation and validation of rules are still necessary to ensure accuracy and alignment with your specific requirements. Nevertheless, migrating to Application Gateway v2 is not only feasible—it represents a strategic move toward a modern, cloud-native infrastructure. With thoughtful planning and the right mindset, organizations can maintain traffic flexibility while gaining the agility, scalability, and operational efficiency of the Azure ecosystem. If you are unsure whether your current on-premises configuration can be supported in Azure Application Gateway, please consult the official Azure documentation or reach out to Microsoft support for guidance.
App Connectivity issue
I have come across an issue being reported by one of the user stating that he is unable to connect to an application on port 5672 hosted behind azure internal load balancer. on my observation from Azure portal post login i see that Azure front end load balancer is marking the front end port as unresponsive/down for service 5672, while the back end port 2009 on azure internal load balancer is seen up on the back end pool virtual F5 .port mapping done properly on azure Error as seen on Azure is “TCP probe out, unhealthy backend instances or unhealthy app listening on port” However when I check on the Virtual F5 the backend server is responding on port 5672 normally, the health checks look ok, thereby the vip is marked as up. is this abnormal behaviour on the application side against 5672 service or something more to check on the azure side which is resulting to TCP probe out error.. pls suggest
Accelerate designing, troubleshooting & securing your network with Gen-AI powered tools, now GA.
We are thrilled to announce the general availability of Azure Networking skills in Copilot, an extension of Copilot in Azure and Security Copilot designed to enhance cloud networking experience. Azure Networking Copilot is set to transform how organizations design, operate, and optimize their Azure Network by providing contextualized responses tailored to networking-specific scenarios and using your network topology.A Guide to Azure Data Transfer Pricing
Understanding Azure networking charges is essential for businesses aiming to manage their budgets effectively. Given the complexity of Azure networking pricing, which involves various influencing factors, the goal here is to bring a clearer understanding of the associated data transfer costs by breaking down the pricing models into the following use cases: VM to VM VM to Private Endpoint VM to Internal Standard Load Balancer (ILB) VM to Internet Hybrid connectivity Please note this is a first version, with a second version to follow that will include additional scenarios. Disclaimer: Pricing may change over time, check the public Azure pricing calculator for up-to-date pricing information. Actual pricing may vary depending on agreements, purchase dates, and currency exchange rates. Sign in to the Azure pricing calculator to see pricing based on your current program/offer with Microsoft. 1. VM to VM 1.1. VM to VM, same VNet Data transfer within the same virtual network (VNet) is free of charge. This means that traffic between VMs within the same VNet will not incur any additional costs. Doc. Data transfer across Availability Zones (AZ) is free. Doc. 1.2. VM to VM, across VNet peering Azure VNet peering enables seamless connectivity between two virtual networks, allowing resources in different VNets to communicate with each other as if they were within the same network. When data is transferred between VNets, charges apply for both ingress and egress data. Doc: VM to VM, across VNet peering, same region VM to VM, across Global VNet peering Azure regions are grouped into 3 Zones (distinct from Avaialbility Zones within a specific Azure region). The pricing for Global VNet Peering is based on that geographic structure. Data transfer between VNets in different zones incurs outbound and inbound data transfer rates for the respective zones. When data is transferred from a VNet in Zone 1 to a VNet in Zone 2, outbound data transfer rates for Zone 1 and inbound data transfer rates for Zone 2 will be applicable. Doc. 1.3. VM to VM, through Network Virtual Appliance (NVA) Data transfer through an NVA involves charges for both ingress and egress data, depending on the volume of data processed. When an NVA is in the path, such as for spoke VNet to spoke VNet connectivity via an NVA (firewall...) in the hub VNet, it incurs VM to VM pricing twice. The table above reflects only data transfer charges and does not include NVA/Azure Firewall processing costs. 2. VM to Private Endpoint (PE) Private Endpoint pricing includes charges for the provisioned resource and data transfer costs based on traffic direction. For instance, writing to a Storage Account through a Private Endpoint incurs outbound data charges, while reading incurs inbound data charges. Doc: 2.1. VM to PE, same VNet Since data transfer within a VNet is free, charges are only applied for data processing through the Private Endpoint. Cross-region traffic will incur additional costs if the Storage Account and the Private Endpoint are located in different regions. 2.2. VM to PE, across VNet peering Accessing Private Endpoints from a peered network incurs only Private Link Premium charges, with no peering fees. Doc. VM to PE, across VNet peering, same region VM to PE, across VNet peering, PE region != SA region 2.3. VM to PE, through NVA When an NVA is in the path, such as for spoke VNet to spoke VNet connectivity via a firewall in the hub VNet, it incurs VM to VM charges between the VM and the NVA. However, as per the PE pricing model, there are no charges between the NVA and the PE. The table above reflects only data transfer charges and does not include NVA/Azure Firewall processing costs. 3. VM to Internal Load Balancer (ILB) Azure Standard Load Balancer pricing is based on the number of load balancing rules as well as the volume of data processed. Doc: 3.1. VM to ILB, same VNet Data transfer within the same virtual network (VNet) is free. However, the data processed by the ILB is charged based on its volume and on the number load balancing rules implemented. Only the inbound traffic is processed by the ILB (and charged), the return traffic goes direct from the backend to the source VM (free of charge). 3.2. VM to ILB, across VNet peering In addition to the Load Balancer costs, data transfer charges between VNets apply for both ingress and egress. 3.3. VM to ILB, through NVA When an NVA is in the path, such as for spoke VNet to spoke VNet connectivity via a firewall in the hub VNet, it incurs VM to VM charges between the VM and the NVA and VM to ILB charges between the NVA and the ILB/backend resource. The table above reflects only data transfer charges and does not include NVA/Azure Firewall processing costs. 4. VM to internet 4.1. Data transfer and inter-region pricing model Bandwidth refers to data moving in and out of Azure data centers, as well as data moving between Azure data centers; other transfers are explicitly covered by the Content Delivery Network, ExpressRoute pricing, or Peering. Doc: 4.2. Routing Preference in Azure and internet egress pricing model When creating a public IP in Azure, Azure Routing Preference allows you to choose how your traffic routes between Azure and the Internet. You can select either the Microsoft Global Network or the public internet for routing your traffic. Doc: See how this choice can impact the performance and reliability of network traffic: By selecting a Routing Preference set to Microsoft network, ingress traffic enters the Microsoft network closest to the user, and egress traffic exits the network closest to the user, minimizing travel on the public internet (“Cold Potato” routing). On the contrary, setting the Routing Preference to internet, ingress traffic enters the Microsoft network closest to the hosted service region. Transit ISP networks are used to route traffic, travel on the Microsoft Global Network is minimized (“Hot Potato” routing). Bandwidth pricing for internet egress, Doc: 4.3. VM to internet, direct Data transferred out of Azure to the internet incurs charges, while data transferred into Azure is free of charge. Doc. It is important to note that default outbound access for VMs in Azure will be retired on September 30 2025, migration to an explicit outbound internet connectivity method is recommended. Doc. 4.4. VM to internet, with a public IP Here a standard public IP is explicitly associated to a VM NIC, that incurs additional costs. Like in the previous scenario, data transferred out of Azure to the internet incurs charges, while data transferred into Azure is free of charge. Doc. 4.5. VM to internet, with NAT Gateway In addition to the previous costs, data transfer through a NAT Gateway involves charges for both the data processed and the NAT Gateway itself, Doc: 5. Hybrid connectivity Hybrid connectivity involves connecting on-premises networks to Azure VNets. The pricing model includes charges for data transfer between the on-premises network and Azure, as well as any additional costs for using Network Virtual Appliances (NVAs) or Azure Firewalls in the hub VNet. 5.1. H&S Hybrid connectivity without firewall inspection in the hub For an inbound flow, from the ExpressRoute Gateway to a spoke VNet, VNet peering charges are applied once on the spoke inbound. There are no charges on the hub outbound. For an outbound flow, from a spoke VNet to an ER branch, VNet peering charges are applied once, outbound of the spoke only. There are no charges on the hub inbound. Doc. The table above does not include ExpressRoute connectivity related costs. 5.2. H&S Hybrid connectivity with firewall inspection in the hub Since traffic transits and is inspected via a firewall in the hub VNet (Azure Firewall or 3P firewall NVA), the previous concepts do not apply. “Standard” inter-VNet VM-to-VM charges apply between the FW and the destination VM : inbound and outbound on both directions. Once outbound from the source VNet (Hub or Spoke), once inbound on the destination VNet (Spoke or Hub). The table above reflects only data transfer charges within Azure and does not include NVA/Azure Firewall processing costs nor the costs related to ExpressRoute connectivity. 5.3. H&S Hybrid connectivity via a 3rd party connectivity NVA (SDWAN or IPSec) Standard inter-VNet VM-to-VM charges apply between the NVA and the destination VM: inbound and outbound on both directions, both in the Hub VNet and in the Spoke VNet. 5.4. vWAN scenarios VNet peering is charged only from the point of view of the spoke – see examples and vWAN pricing components. Next steps with cost management To optimize cost management, Azure offers tools for monitoring and analyzing network charges. Azure Cost Management and Billing allows you to track and allocate costs across various services and resources, ensuring transparency and control over your expenses. By leveraging these tools, businesses can gain a deeper understanding of their network costs and make informed decisions to optimize their Azure spending.Announcing the General Availability of Azure Load Balancer Health Event Logs
Health event logs are now fully available in all public, Azure China, and Government regions under the Azure Monitor resource log category LoadBalancerHealthEvent, providing you with enhanced capabilities to monitor and troubleshoot your load balancer resources. Health Event Types As announced in our previous public preview blog, the following health events are now logged when detected by the Azure Load Balancer platform. These events are designed to address the most critical issues affecting your load balancer’s health and availability: LoadBalancerHealthEventType Scenario DataPathAvailabilityWarning Detect when the Data Path Availability metric of the frontend IP is less than 90% due to platform issues DataPathAvailabilityCritical Detect when the Data Path Availability metric of the frontend IP is less than 25% due to platform issues NoHealthyBackends Detect when all backend instances in a pool are not responding to the configured health probes HighSnatPortUsage Detect when a backend instance utilizes more than 75% of its allocated ports from a single frontend IP SnatPortExhaustion Detect when a backend instance has exhausted all allocated ports and will fail further outbound connections until ports have been released or more ports are allocated Benefits of Using Health Event Logs Health event logs provide deeper insights into the health of your load balancer, eliminating the need to set thresholds for metric-based alerts or manage complex metric data for historical analysis. Here’s how you can get started using these logs today: Create Diagnostic Settings: Archive or analyze these logs for long-term insights. Leverage Log Analytics: Use powerful querying capabilities to gain detailed insights. Configure Alerts: Set up alerts to trigger actions based on the generated logs. For more detailed instructions on how to enable and use health event logs, refer to our documentation here. Contoso’s Story Context: Contoso uses a Standard Public Load Balancer with outbound rules to connect their application to public APIs. They allocate 8k ports to each backend instance using an outbound rule, anticipating up to 8 backend instances in a pool. Problem: Contoso is concerned about SNAT port exhaustion and wants to create alerts to warn them if backend instances are close to consuming all allocated SNAT ports. Solution with metrics: Initially, they create an alert using the Used SNAT ports metric, triggering when the value exceeds 6k ports (out of 8k). However, this requires constant adjustment as they scale their infrastructure and update port allocation on outbound rules. Solution with health event logs: With the new health event logs, Contoso configures two alerts: HighSnatPortUsage: Sends an email and creates an incident whenever this event is generated, warning network engineers to allocate more SNAT ports. SnatPortExhaustion: Notifies the on-call engineer immediately to address critical impact to outbound connectivity due to lack of SNAT ports. Now, Contoso no longer needs to adjust alert rules as they scale, ensuring seamless monitoring and response. What’s Next? This general availability announcement marks a significant step in enhancing the health and monitoring capabilities of Azure Load Balancer. We are committed to expanding these capabilities with additional health event types, providing configuration guidance, best practices, and warnings for service-related limits. We welcome your feedback and look forward to hearing about your experiences with health event logs. Get started today by exploring our public documentation. Stay tuned on Azure Updates for future announcements and enhancements!
Azure Firewall has no capacity to maintain source IP on outbound traffic?
Hello all, My use case: To have multiple static public IP addresses attached to Azure Firewall with SNAT rules configured so that the public IP isn't just randomly selected. We have multiple services that have whitelisting configured for specific public load balancer IPs and now we are trying to move them behind Azure Firewall. Since there is whitelisting on the destination, the public IP being randomly selected won't work. My resources: One instance of premium SKU Azure Firewall. Hub and spoke architecture. Route tables being used to force traffic through Firewall (routed to private IP of firewall) The research I have conducted: I have tried absolutely everything I can think of before coming to this forum and from what I can tell the 4 ways of outbound connectivity provided by Azure are: Default outbound connectivity. Against best practice to do this and won't work since its routing through a virtual appliance (firewall) Associate a NAT gateway to a subnet. This won't work since we have only one instance of Azure Firewall and the requirement for multiple public IPs to be used. Assign a public IP to a virtual machine. Not applicable, sitting in backend pool of a load balancer, single public IP to be used for multiple member servers. Using the frontend IP address(es) of a load balancer for outbound via outbound rules. Needs to go through the firewall, impossible unless we can somehow integrate the firewall between the load balancer and the backend pool? Expanding more on the load balancer scenario, I ran across this documentation in Microsoft Learn. This looks great to tackle the asymmetric routing issue, however, we are only interested in maintaining the source IP for outbound traffic, this would again just use the firewalls public IP for outbound traffic and again randomly select it. Consensus: It seems bizarre to me that Azure has no capacity for static SNAT configuration like most firewalls do. I would have thought a large amount of use cases would require this function. Am I missing something? Is there another workaround? Or is Azure just behind the 8ball with networking. Thanks heaps in advance for any help :) Much Appreciated, usernameone101Introducing Copilot in Azure for Networking: Your AI-Powered Azure Networking Assistant
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