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Smart City is a Sustainable City","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:3040537"},"id":"message:3040537","revisionNum":21,"uid":3040537,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:1053965"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Cities and Climate, Climate and Cities. Cities and climate could hardly be more intertwined. Increases in mean and extreme precipitation levels convey the impact of urbanization, which has had a dramatic impact upon the natural water cycle. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":7891},"postTime":"2022-01-04T08:52:51.474-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-01-04T08:52:51.474-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n \n   \n Cities and Climate, Climate and Cities \n Cities and climate could hardly be more intertwined. As ‘heat islands,’ urban areas affect climate by increasing temperatures on regional scales. Given that 68% of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050 according to UN projections, many citizens are working to combine sustainability goals with technology modernization initiatives to build cities that contribute to a livable future. \n   \n With two-thirds of the planet’s population localized to urban areas, the vulnerability of cities to climate change is of pressing concern. For inland urban areas, the gravest impact of climate change will likely be temperature extremes. The situation for urban areas in coastal settings is considerably worse: in addition to the potential for heat-related stress, the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)AR6 report for coastal cities include high-confidence projections for increased flooding. \n   \n Climate change amplifies existing demographic inequities in urban areas, and this underscores the importance of the Biden Administration’s infrastructure bill which is investing $1 trillion to address long-standing infrastructural inequities according to the New York Times. As cities work to prioritize investments that have the greatest positive impact, many civic leaders have asked us for guidance on how to think about the use of technology to create smarter, more sustainable cities. \n   \n A Roadmap for Smarter Cities \n Motivated in part by concerns relating to climate and global change, in March 2021 ESI ThoughtLab released a study co-sponsored by Microsoft entitled “Smart City Solutions for a Riskier World.” The results are described as “a forward-looking study that provides city decision-makers with an evidence-based playbook for driving better social, environmental, and economic outcomes in today’s transformed world.” \n   \n Arising from the survey of 167 city leaders spanning 82 countries is a nominal definition of Smart Cities 4.0: Hyperconnected cities that use technology, data, and citizen engagement to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). They are in step with new ways of working under Industry 4.0 and excel at using partners to drive change and provide innovative funding methods. By identifying 20 cities that exemplify these qualities, the ESI ThoughtLab study illuminates key patterns for how urban areas can adopt the connected and sustainable practices of leading cities: \n   \n \n   \n Based upon findings from the ESI ThoughtLab study, Cities 4.0 uptake of specific technologies can be assigned to the following broad categories: \n \n Established technologies – ubiquitous adoption of cloud computing and IoT leads the way, while mobile, biometrics, blockchain, AI, and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) lag behind    \n Innovative technologies – over the next three years, digital twins, data warehouses, augmented and virtual reality, blockchain, digital dashboards, drones, and even 3-D printing, are expected to factor into the mix \n \n Predicting and Managing Floods in Smart Cities \n One example city from the study, the Town of Cary, North Carolina, is far enough inland to avoid the direct impact of storm surges that accompany Atlantic hurricanes. However, it remains an area prone to flooding. In their efforts to better predict and manage floods, the Town of Cary has worked through these four steps: \n   \n \n Leverage the latest technology: IoT and analytics technologies were leveraged to predict and manage floods. This allowed the data collected (see below) to be visualized through a real-time flood-risk dashboard, and to be integrated for use within existing business (e.g., CRM) and/or technical (e.g., geospatial analysis) applications. Such an integrated solution resulted in the ability for stormwater personnel to receive notifications and generate work orders automatically. To ensure even more proactive measures, the Town has built a digital twin of the watershed. \n Make data a strategic asset: Quantitative data was captured in real-time at its source by equipping areas of concern with rain gauges and water-level sensors. This was a transformative moment for the Town, as informal reports from concerned citizens were the primary source of data in the past. Making flood data a strategic asset allows the Town to draw upon diverse types of data from traditional (e.g., scientific instruments) and non-traditional (e.g., citizen observers) sources and leverage it effectively. High-quality data is now a strategic asset to the Town of Cary as well as regional and state partners. \n Utilize the ecosystem: Collaboration was a key reason the Town of Cary was able to move swiftly from their vision to the realization of a useful tool. Notably, industry partners factored into the success of the project by contributing technology and expertise. In other words, the Town of Cary leveraged public and private-sector partnerships to extend their reach and develop a solution to predict and manage floods. These results obtained at township scale can also be applied to regional and state-scale concerns. \n Engage citizens: Citizen engagement may demonstrate the most-profound result of this town’s undertaking: a 180° pivot from reactively responding to informal reports from citizens to proactively alerting citizens to potentially dangerous situations. Such a pivot establishes a framework for future efforts that allows the Town to proactively understand the needs and expectations of its citizens and employees alike. \n \n \n See additional details on the innovation around flood prediction and management in the case of the Town of Cary. \n   \n Moving forward \n With this roadmap, urban centers gain a clearer path to how they can progress towards a more connected and sustainable city, one that uses technology to improve the lives of citizens and the health of the community. To rapidly progress a population center towards the ideal of Smarter Cities 4.0 designation, there is an implicit need for collaboration, along with roadmaps that can be adapted and customized for use by any city, municipality, county, province, or other urban area, regardless of size or geographic scope. \n   \n Learn how to begin your sustainability journey with technology and how you can use digital twins in your smart building journey. You can find more details on how to promote environmental sustainability from the inside out, as well as a how we’ve created a new era of smart buildings in Singapore. \n   \n   ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"6654","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":3,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMDQwNTM3LTMzNDQ2NWkwN0YyRUFBOEYyOUZDMjEy?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMDQwNTM3LTMzNzA1Mmk0RjVFOENBMzY5Qzk3OEJC?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMDQwNTM3LTMzNzA0NGlGNjIwOThCNzM5NzFGOTM2?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMDQwNTM3LTMzNzA0M2kwRDdFNDA3OTg4NkFEMEI4?revision=21\"}"}}],"totalCount":4,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:3942679":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:3942679","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":3942679},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2024-02-21T11:02:49.981-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:1718159":{"__typename":"User","uid":1718159,"login":"AriyaKhamvongsa","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0xNzE4MTU5LTQzOTE0Nmk0RUMzOEM4RkJBQzhEOEQw"},"id":"user:1718159"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zOTQyNjc5LTUxMjY4NWlGM0FEQUI3RDQ2RjA5RkM1?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zOTQyNjc5LTUxMjY4NWlGM0FEQUI3RDQ2RjA5RkM1?revision=7","title":"AriyaKhamvongsa_0-1696100656510.png","associationType":"TEASER","width":940,"height":529,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zOTQyNjc5LTUxMjY4NmkwNDVCMDA3MDgyMTIyRUM2?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zOTQyNjc5LTUxMjY4NmkwNDVCMDA3MDgyMTIyRUM2?revision=7","title":"AriyaKhamvongsa_1-1696100709076.png","associationType":"BODY","width":940,"height":524,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:3942679":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"Achieve your sustainability and environmental goals with the Cloud Adoption Framework","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:3942679"},"id":"message:3942679","revisionNum":7,"uid":3942679,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:1718159"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n   \n While the impact and benefits of the cloud have been traditionally measured with financial and efficiency metrics, it's become more common for customers to seek to understand how the cloud can help them to achieve their sustainability and environmental goals. In this episode of the Azure Enablement Show, Thomas and Tobias dig into the newly released Sustainability guidance as part of Microsoft’s Cloud Adoption Framework. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":4412},"postTime":"2023-09-30T12:13:49.183-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2024-02-21T11:01:59.627-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Your host Thomas Maurer and guest Tobias Zimmergren will discuss the sustainability guidance recently released in the Cloud Adoption Framework (CAF). Sustainability guidance has been published in several of the methodologies, given that sustainability as a topic touches all aspects of a customer’s cloud adoption. The following methodologies have sustainability considerations: \n   \n \n Strategy \n Plan \n Govern \n Manage \n \n Tobias will talk about why Microsoft released the guidance and how the Cloud Adoption Framework (CAF) guidance differs from the Well Architected Framework guidance (WAF). He will also share some details on what's included in this guidance for each of the Cloud Adoption Framework methodologies and provide information on where you can get started. \n What was the driving factor to create the sustainability guidance in the Cloud Adoption Framework? \n   \n One of the factors was cloud impact was measured traditionally with financial metrics. So, if you move to the cloud, if you migrate to the cloud; cost was the driving factor. Today, customers also want to know more about sustainability and they're really more carbon aware. Some common questions that come up are: How do I reduce my carbon emission? How do I make an impact on the climate, not just my wallet? This leads to; how does this intersect with cost management, cost optimization and general cloud economics discussions. This is something many companies are discussing now. \n   \n Who needs sustainability guidance? \n   \n For example, people in roles such as CFO or Chief Sustainability Officers now use sustainability as a goal today, which was something which wasn’t discussed before. So that means you also need to measure engagement. How do you do that and how do you know if you're on track? How do you define the teams and responsibilities to help track these things?? \n In WAF, the , the guidance that was published there, is about sustainability, workload guidance, so specifically for workloads. Now adding on to that with the guidance in CAF, the , has two broad themes. One theme is cloud economics with customers who come and say, “How do I drive cost awareness and cost optimization in my organization?” An outcome of that might be that if you drive cost optimization, you can also drive sustainability. \n The other theme in CAF is compliance. So, if your organization is driving some kind of regulatory compliance management or you need to abide by specific laws or regulations, or if you're getting mandates from investors, whatever it might be, organizations now have different compliance requirements on them. In addition, you have green requirements saying that you should use renewable energy as an example. Often these discussions happen in hindsight or new requirements are added later in the project. The CAF sustainability guidance was created to address this as well. all the way from building the strategy, to operating when you're then later in the cloud. This has been rooted in the field with partnerships for sustainability. There are subject matter experts that Tobias and team works with at Microsoft including some members of the Green Software Foundation as well to help really drive awareness with this. \n   \n Differences between guidance for CAF and WAF. \n Thomas mentioned to Tobias that Microsoft has already published some guidance in the Well Architected Framework around sustainability and wanted to know what is the difference in the CAF sustainability guidance. So how is that different from what we already have published in the well architected framework? \n Tobias noted in the Well Architected Framework, to paint the picture, is they have architects, developers, workload owners, they need to design a more optimized system so they can really impact sustainability on the workload level. So, after you've deployed things to Azure or when you're deploying things to Azure, you can design them the right way with the right size, with the right SKUs and all these things to really have an impact on the carbon emissions. And in CAF what they wanted to do is to bring relevant guidance to the executives, IT decision makers, platform managers, IT operations team and anyone who's really managing the cloud estate. So, it's at a different altitude for a different audience. In the CAF sustainability guidance, they talked about a shared responsibility from decision makers to implementers, between cloud providers and the customer. Shared responsibility is often mentioned along with security. For example, if you work a lot with security, you know it's a shared responsibility between all parties and the same is true with sustainability. \n   \n For sustainability, Microsoft is responsible for the data centers and the relevant considerations of those and the customer is responsible for what they deploy into those data centers. A simple example of this is if you deploy an app service and you utilize only on average 5% of the entire CPU capacity, that means you can probably do right sizing because it's over allocated, so it's underutilized. \n To minimize that or you draw down the SKU and the tier you're deployed on, you're going to save on carbon emissions as well. Hence, decision makers can impact how organizations adopt and adapt green software practices as well as push the organizational altitude forward for sustainability and that spans both CAF and WAF guidance. \n What’s included in the CAF sustainability guidance? \n Tobias noted at a high-level there are really two things: one is they have sprinkled sustainability all across Cloud Adoption Framework. Therefore, wherever you are in your cloud journey you will be exposed to the line of thinking of sustainability. So whatever decisions you make, sustainability will be right there and making you aware that when you make these decisions, to also think about the climate and the future impact that it will have. \n   \n The second item is they have also created net new guidance; so, a specific set of pages for some of the methodologies we have where we talk about specific recommendations across four of those existing methodologies. \n   \n \n Strategy: The first one that we use is strategy; they talk about the early stages in your strategies, building your green teams and setting up the goals for those teams and other objectives. \n Plan: Then in the plan methodology; they talk about identifying your current emissions, designing roles and responsibilities. This would include nominating sustainability leads to help drive these things in your organization before you then really kick things off. \n Govern: Then if you've migrated to the cloud or you're up and running in the cloud you also need to govern things. So, in the govern methodology, they talked about governance at large, but maybe with that sustainability lens, so slightly different than just normal governance. For example, you can use Azure policies to help drive sustainability outcomes as well by restricting what and where you can deploy things. If for example, you live in a part of the world that has a lot of renewable energy, you can also restrict where you can deploy resources to always say we only want to use renewable energy when we deploy these types of resources. \n Manage: Then you have the manage methodology. For example, when you're up and running already in the cloud, this talks about what kind of considerations you need to look at. An example is, how do you monitor carbon emissions practically using cost as a proxy for sustainability? Because if you drive cost awareness and cost optimization, usually the outcome is you're lowering the tiers that you deploy on ultimately leading to less carbon emissions released into the atmosphere as well. \n \n   \n Sustainability is a continuous effort. \n Just like with security, sustainability is a continuous effort. It never really stops. It's not like you drive a project and then you come over the finish line and drop everything. You have to drive this all the time. In the future Microsoft will be adding more guidance as we learn more about how things work with our customers and work with our partners. The next steps would also be to read the WAF guidance that was talked about below in Resources. \n Resources \n \n Sustainability outcomes and benefits for business \n Sustainability considerations in cloud adoption planning \n Sustainability considerations in your cloud governance strategy \n Sustainability alignment in cloud management \n Explore more cloud enablement resources \n Green Software Foundation \n \n Recommended Next Steps \n If you’d like to learn more about the general principles prescribed by Microsoft, we recommend Microsoft Cloud Adoption Framework for platform and environment-level guidance and Azure Well-Architected Framework. You can also register for an upcoming workshop led by Azure partners on cloud migration and adoption topics and incorporate click-through labs to ensure effective, pragmatic training. \n   \n \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   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ubject":"Part one: A review of the Microsoft 2020 Environmental Sustainability Report \"A Year of Action\"","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2115986"},"id":"message:2115986","revisionNum":10,"uid":2115986,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:896663"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" A review of the new 2020 Microsoft Environmental Sustainability Report, \"A Year of Action.\" Part One is a high level overview for those who want the CliffsNotes. \n   \n \n   \n   \n   \n   ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":17149},"postTime":"2021-02-05T14:42:11.403-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-07-13T14:11:01.542-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" On January 28, 2021 Microsoft released its first Environmental Sustainability Report “A Year of Action” documenting progress the company made since announcing its 2020 commitments to become a carbon negative, water positive, zero waste company that protects more land than it uses by 2030. Read more on those commitments in my previous blog post “2020 The Year of Sustainability.” \n   \n At 96 pages, one could spend weeks digesting the report and the companion blog posts published by Chief Environmental Officer Lucas Joppa and President Brad Smith. Lucky for you, I read all of them and have distilled the report down to three short blog posts . This first post will focus on overall impressions, highlights, and key takeaways – think of it as the CliffsNotes version. Part Two will cover the carbon negative commitment, and Part Three will close out with a deeper look at water positive, zero waste, and ecosystems, including the mysterious Planetary Computer. \n   \n First impressions \n   \n \n   \n \"A Year of Action\" is beautiful, rich, and frankly, dense. Each page is a wealth of information, conveyed through brightly colored infographics, text, data visualizations, and hyperlinks that take the reader across the web to learn more about sustainability. The sheer volume of information says a lot about the progress Microsoft has made in year one and just as importantly, its commitment to transparency. Brad Smith addresses this in the forward: \n   \n \"In Microsoft’s first annual sustainability report, we look back at how and why we made our commitments, details about them, progress to date, and key lessons we have learned. We intend to not only share our successes, but also share our challenges.\" \n   \n And there are plenty of challenges here. Beneath the flashy appearance and abundance of data lies a simple and unavoidable truth: what Microsoft is attempting to do is unprecedented and damn near impossible, not just for a single company, but for human civilization. This report is a microcosm of what we must do as a global society to successfully avoid the worst-case scenarios of a climate disaster. I work at Microsoft, I work in sustainability, I know many of the people who put this report together and still, I was awestruck by the depth and complexity of what the team attempted to do in year one, and just as importantly, what they'll have to do by 2030. \n   \n Highlights and progress to date \n The bulk of the report focuses on progress made in each of the company’s four environmental focus areas: carbon, water, waste, and ecosystems. Let’s start with the big picture: \n \n \n All up, Microsoft invested $129M across funds and organizations innovating in carbon reduction, water management, and circular economy (a system in which economic activity is decoupled from the consumption of scarce resources; waste is designed out, and there is an emphasis on repair, disassembly, and reuse.) \n The biggest barrier to more progress isn’t something Microsoft can directly control. Universally accepted methodologies and standards for measuring and reporting on sustainability data don't exist yet. In some cases, Microsoft is leading the charge to create them. From what risk means, to carbon accounting standards, and the digitization of waste and water data, Microsoft spent its first year operating in uncharted territory as it tried to measure and report on its own progress in this space. Until we are all speaking the same language and using the same standards of measurement, progress will be incremental and fragmented. \n \n Here’s a list of the accomplishments so far. If you want to know more, be sure to check back in on part two and three of this series, where I’ll go deeper on these focus areas! \n   \n \n A company is carbon negative when it removes more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than it emits each year (note, the term \"carbon\" is used as shorthand to refer to all kinds of greenhouse gases). Microsoft will achieve this through a combination of reduction and removal, making deep reductions first and foremost, then using removal only for the residual footprint. \n   \n \n Reduced emissions by 6% from 11.6M metric tons to 10.9M metric tons \n Removed 1M metric tons of carbon from the atmosphere (commonly referred to as carbon sequestration) via Request for Proposal (RFP) \n Delivered first tool to provide CO2 transparency for Azure via the Microsoft Sustainability Calculator \n Became a founding member of the Transform to Net Zero coalition alongside other large corporates like Mercedes-Benz AG, Starbucks, Unilever and Wipro \n Required that suppliers must report their GHG emissions through the updated Supplier Code of Conduct. As a result, top suppliers reduced their collective footprint by 21M metric tons \n Secured a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Sol Systems worth 500 megawatts to advance clean energy and environmental justice \n Extended internal carbon fee emissions to include Scope 3 (indirect emissions from Microsoft's supply and value chain) \n \n   \n \n A company is water positive when it puts more water back into the environment than it consumes. Microsoft will accomplish this through a combination of reduction and replenishment. \n   \n \n Funded 20 water replenishment projects \n Invested $10M in the Emerald Technology Ventures Global Water Impact Fund to support innovative technologies for water conservation, access and quality \n Increased replenishment project portfolio by nearly 700% from fiscal year 2019 \n Launched water accessibility work to provide 1.5M people access to safe drinking water and sanitation \n Co-founded the Water Resilience Coalition in partnership with the United Nations Global Compact CEO Water Mandate \n \n   \n \n Zero waste is a set of principles focused on waste prevention that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles to reduce or eliminate waste generation. The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills, incinerators or the ocean. In practice, 100% waste diversion or elimination is simply not achievable so the goal is 90% diversion from landfill to achieve TRUE Zero Waste certification. \n   \n \n Diverted 60K metric tons of waste from landfills \n Achieved Zero Waste Certification of datacenters in Dublin, Ireland and Boydton, Virginia \n Piloted Circular Centers, which set the company on a path to increase reuse of servers in datacenters by 90% by 2025 \n Invested $30M in Closed Loop Partners' funds to help build a circular economy \n 100% recyclable Surface devices (in applicable countries) by 2030 \n Engaged 10.5K employees in Ecochallenges to reduce personal waste footprints \n Will eliminate single-use plastics in all Microsoft primary product packaging and all IT asset packaging in datacenters (100% of all cloud packaging will be reusable, recyclable or compostable by 2025) \n \n   \n \n Nature, and the benefits that it provides, are the foundation of our society, cultures and the global economy. We depend on well-functioning ecosystems for clean air, water, food, medicine, energy and resources. Simply put, there is no human civilization if we continue to destroy the complex web of life that supports us. \n   \n \n Begun the process of protecting more land than we use by 2025 (which is 11K acres or 44.5K square meters) \n 10 petabytes of environmental data now available for free on Azure to the conservation community (a laptop hard drive is typically around 512GB now, so 10PB is around 20,000 typical laptops of data) \n 700+ grantees in the AI for Earth program from over 100 countries \n Began developing a Planetary Computer to better monitor, model and manage the world's ecosystems \n \n Key takeaways \n Each of the above bullet points represents an enormous amount of work and an audacious desire to push the envelope on what role the private sector, and a tech company, can play in completely transforming the global economy. After all, governments make the rules society operates within, and governments around the world have utterly failed in their response to the climate crisis. Even a company as large and powerful as Microsoft has limited influence, but this report proves that the company is willing to see just how far that influence can go. \n   \n \"Microsoft can't solve the world's environmental challenges alone, but we can play a significant role in driving a broader societal transformation if we use our positions of influence and our technologies to effectively bring others along with us on our sustainability journey.\" - Brad Smith \n   \n Further, “A Year in Action” provides a behind the scenes look at Microsoft's strategy to become the leading technology provider of sustainable solutions. In the process, it hopes to create a wave of sustainable change across the entire economy. My favorite sections were the “Key Learnings” at the end of each focus area where we get a glimpse of what went well, and more importantly, what didn’t. The humble approach and willingness to share this information is critical to ensuring others avoid the pitfalls Microsoft stumbled through in year one. This open, collaborative approach increases the chances that we will make the broad societal changes required for a livable future. Over the next nine years, we will get an answer to the big question – will it be enough? Lucas Joppa sums up the challenge and consequences of failure as succinctly as anyone: \n   \n “We have a limited amount of time to accomplish what will be the most significant behavioral and technological societal transformation in modern human history. By 2030, society must be well on its way to mitigating and adapting to rapidly changing climates, ensuring resilient water supplies, reducing the amount of waste we generate, and reversing the ongoing and catastrophic degradation of ecosystems while halting the extinction of species. That is why this must be a decade of ambition and action.\" \n   \n \n Learn more about the carbon negative commitment in Part Two \n Explore the water positive, zero waste, and ecosystems commitment in Part Three \n \n Comments, questions, and conversation welcome below! \n   \n -Drew \n   \n About the author: Drew Wilkinson is a climate activist, community organizer, and co-founder of \n Microsoft’s 10,000 member employee sustainability community. He works for Planet Earth but provides \n consulting services on the people side of sustainability: employee engagement, culture and change \n management, community building, green skilling, and leadership development. Learn more on his \n website or add him on LinkedIn. \n   \n \n   \n   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Three: Water Positive, Zero Waste, and Ecosystems","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2224123"},"id":"message:2224123","revisionNum":18,"uid":2224123,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:896663"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n A review of Microsoft's progress to date on its 2020 environmental sustainability commitments to become water positive, zero waste, and protect ecosystems. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":15984},"postTime":"2021-03-19T18:02:00.114-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-07-13T14:09:03.645-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" On January 28, 2021 Microsoft released its first Environmental Sustainability Report “A Year of Action” documenting progress the company made since announcing its 2020 commitments to become a carbon negative, water positive, zero waste company that protects more land than it uses by 2030. See a summary of the overall report in Part One of this blog series and learn more about the carbon negative commitment in Part Two. This third and final post will close out with a deeper look at the water positive, zero waste and ecosystems commitments, including the mysterious Planetary Computer. \n   \n Water Positive \n   \n \n A company is water positive when it puts more water back into the environment than it consumes. Microsoft will accomplish this through a combination of reduction and replenishment (physically putting water back into the environment, like recharging groundwater aquifers). \n   \n Why is a tech company like Microsoft focused on water? The UN predicts that by 2030, the world may face a 40% shortfall in available freshwater. Climate change, pollution, industrialized animal agriculture and increased demand could reduce water availability in major cities more than 66% by 2050, and as we all know from Standing Rock, \"Mni Wiconi\" (water is life). But it’s not just freshwater: the oceans are in trouble too. The World Economic Forum estimates that there will be more plastic waste in the oceans than fish (by weight) by 2050 unless we take drastic action to stem the tide of pollution. Microsoft spent much of 2020 laying the groundwork for improving these issues by attempting to standardize and digitize water data (where it exists at all). And true to form, Microsoft examined the unique role that technological solutions like Artificial Intelligence (AI) can provide for better water management; along the way, it increased its replenishment project portfolio by nearly 700% from fiscal year 2019. \n   \n While not as flashy or headline grabbing as carbon reduction, water commitments are no less important. There are few things that all people, and most of life on Earth require, but access to water is one of them. This issue is deeply intertwined with human rights, especially Indigenous rights. Environmental racism means that black, brown and poor people around the world will often face the worst and most immediate effects of the climate crisis: at the top of that list is lack of access to reliable, clean drinking water. Becoming water positive, while working with a growing number of partner organizations including the United Nations Water Resilience Coalition, means making progress on all these front and addressing systemic inequity while improving the underlying environment we all depend on. \n   \n \n   \n “Microsoft is taking responsibility for our own water use and developing technology to help others do the same.” –  President Brad Smith \n   \n Zero Waste \n   \n \n   \n Each year, humanity creates 11 billion tons of waste including plastics, e-waste and harmful chemicals that pollute our land, clog our waterways, deplete scarce natural resources and contaminate the air we breathe. Inefficiencies associated with a wasteful society also create a lot of unnecessary carbon emissions. \n   \n Zero waste is a set of principles focused on waste prevention that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles to reduce or eliminate waste generation. The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills, incinerators or the ocean. In practice, for most individuals and companies, 100% waste diversion or elimination is simply not achievable, so the goal is 90% diversion from landfill to achieve TRUE Zero Waste certification. Microsoft has committed to becoming a zero waste company by 2030 and will eliminate single use plastics from its packaging by 2025.  \n   \n The company spent much of 2020 working to accelerate the development of a circular economy, a system in which economic activity is decoupled from the consumption of scarce resources, waste is designed out and there is an emphasis on repair, disassembly and reuse. Waste data has many of the same challenges as water data: where it exists at all, it is often fragmented, unstructured, and hard to use. Here too the company made strides in the standardization and digitization of waste data (a necessary precursor for leveraging the power of AI). \n   \n On a personal note, I was surprised and delighted to see page 54 of the report: it referenced my Plastic Free Oceans Hackathon project! A small army of Microsoft volunteers created a scalable way to automate the recognition of plastic pollution in rivers using AI, which resulted in a multi-year partnership with The Ocean Cleanup. This is one of my proudest accomplishments at Microsoft and a clear example of the role technology (and technology companies) can play in creating solutions for the world’s most pressing environmental challenges. \n   \n \n   \n Ecosystems \n   \n And last but certainly not least, ecosystems. This is perhaps the least obvious of the company’s four sustainability commitments: what does a tech company have to do with protecting ecosystems and biodiversity? A lot as it turns out! \n   \n We often know more about the rate of decline than we know about the overall health and wellness of a single species or the many species that comprise an ecosystem. Technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning can help accelerate the collection and synthesis of large data sets, letting conservation researchers spend less time digging through data, and more time planning conservation with actionable insights. But why does protecting ecosystems and biodiversity matter? \n   \n Nature, and the benefits that it provides, are the foundation of our society, cultures and the global economy. We depend on healthy and intact ecosystems for clean air, water, food, medicine, energy and resources. Simply put, there is no human civilization if we continue to destroy the complex web of life that supports us. For its part, Microsoft has committed to protecting more land than it uses by 2025, putting resources and technology in the hands of scientists and nonprofits working on conservation, and curiously, developing a Planetary Computer. \n   \n The Planetary Computer \n Of all the things packed into the Year of Action report, none piqued my curiosity like the Planetary Computer. What is it? The report calls it “a platform that provides access to the world’s critical environmental datasets.\" Think of it less as some kind of enormous supercomputer and more like open-source access to very large datasets and powerful computing resources for the environmental science community. According to Microsoft Chief Environmental Officer Lucas Joppa, the end goal is an answer to the most complex environmental science question of all “how do we manage Earth΄s natural resources to ensure a climate-stable future?” \n   \n Microsoft is a technology company, so it makes sense that technology solutions are the most meaningful contribution it can make to combatting the climate crisis. The ultimate goal of the Planetary Computer is to better monitor, model and manage the world's ecosystems. But don’t take it from me, this is the brainchild of Lucas Joppa who sits at the intersection of computer and environmental science: \n   \n \n   \n Conclusion  \n If we step back, zoom out and look at the moment in history we are in, it is precarious. Too many carbon emissions in our atmosphere are warming the planet and changing the climate in unpredictable and destabilizing ways, freshwater sources and oceans around the world have been degraded and filled with pollution, consumption of scarce resources continues to accelerate while waste piles up and contaminates the environment, and the living things that prop up our entire way of life, from soil microbes to whales, are going extinct faster than we can identify them. \n   \n Humans have fundamentally transformed the entire planet in just 250 years with the explosion of growth and technology ushered in by the first Industrial Revolution. But that progress has come at a cost, and we are now paying the price. Unless we drastically - and quickly - change the ways we power our civilizations, grow and transport our food , and design and consume our products, we face a climate catastrophe. But it’s not too late to make meaningful change, and while not a cure all, technology has an important role to play. \n   \n Committing to become a carbon negative, water positive, zero waste company by 2030 is remarkable. There aren’t many organizations doing this, and none the size of Microsoft. This is corporate responsibility taken to an entirely new level. But if these goals seem overly ambitious, consider that every organization on the planet will need to do the same thing, and sooner rather than later. As large as Microsoft is, it is simply too small to move the needle on any of these issues by itself. Its strategy – its moonshot – is to empower other organizations to do the same and create a wave of sustainable change across the entire economy.  \n   \n At the heart of these commitments is something more: a desire to do something, anything, to avert a climate catastrophe and a willingness to bring the full resources of a trillion-dollar tech company to bear to make solutions happen faster and at a planetary scale. These commitments, and the progress made to date, are a proportional and appropriate response to what the best available science is telling us needs to happen. Let’s hope it spurs companies and governments around the world to respond in kind, because ultimately, that is what’s required to make a meaningful difference! \n   \n \n See a summary of the overall report in Part One of this blog series \n Learn more about the carbon negative commitment in Part Two \n \n Comments, questions and feedback welcome below!  \n -Drew \n   \n About the author: Drew Wilkinson is a climate activist, community organizer, and co-founder of \n Microsoft’s 10,000 member employee sustainability community. He works for Planet Earth but provides \n consulting services on the people side of sustainability: employee engagement, culture and change \n management, community building, green skilling, and leadership development. Learn more on his \n website or add him on LinkedIn. \n   \n 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"Part Two: A Review of Microsoft's 2020 Carbon Negative accomplishments","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2157586"},"id":"message:2157586","revisionNum":21,"uid":2157586,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:896663"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n The tech company made impressive progress in year one but major challenges remain. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":9435},"postTime":"2021-02-23T11:28:45.997-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-07-13T14:08:29.318-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n On January 28, 2021 Microsoft released its first Environmental Sustainability Report “A Year of Action” documenting progress the company made since announcing its 2020 commitments to become a carbon negative, water positive, zero waste company that protects more land than it uses by 2030. See a summary of the report in my previous blog post “Part one: A review of the Microsoft 2020 Environmental Sustainability Report A Year of Action.” This post will explore the carbon negative commitment. The third and final post will close out with a deeper look at water positive, zero waste and ecosystems, including the mysterious Planetary Computer. \n   \n ” (Credit: Climeworks) \n   \n Background \n A company is carbon negative when it removes more carbon from the atmosphere than it emits each year. For the purposes of this post, carbon is shorthand for all greenhouse gases. If you want to understand why adding too much carbon to the atmosphere is bad, check out this great primer. \n   \n Microsoft will achieve carbon negativity through a combination of reduction and removal, making deep reductions in emissions first and foremost, then using removal only for the residual footprint. This is rare. There aren’t many carbon negative companies, which means achieving this commitment will require operating in uncharted territory. Indeed, the report and accompanying white paper, Microsoft carbon removal \"Lessons from an early corporate purchase\", make this point repeatedly as they describe the frustrating gap between ambition and reality. Today we lack the technology, markets, and commonly accepted accounting standards and methodologies required for carbon removal on a scale big enough to make a difference. Despite all this, Microsoft is attempting to blaze a trail through the wilderness that others can follow. \n   \n \"While the world will need to reach net zero, those of us who can afford to move faster and go further should do so.\" Microsoft President Brad Smith \n   \n Arguably, carbon is where Microsoft focused most of its year one efforts, and for good reason. I recently had the chance to ask Microsoft’s Chief Environmental Officer Lucas Joppa “What keeps you up at night?” and the carbon problem was at the top of his list. From melting ice caps, to rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, drought, heat waves, mass extinctions and a looming global migration crisis, the carbon problem is really one of systemic destabilization – the kind that could topple civilization as we know it. If climate science is telling us one thing most emphatically, it is that we need to drastically reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere immediately. This is why reduction of emissions simply will not be enough, for Microsoft or anyone else. As the chart below demonstrates, carbon removal will be critical to stabilizing the Earth’s climate. \n   \n \n Scoping it out \n \n To learn more about Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions, watch this 5 min video narrated by Lucas Joppa \n   \n Each of the 2020 carbon negative accomplishments represents an impressive amount of hard work and groundbreaking firsts. Microsoft has proven its willingness to wade through the ambiguity of underdeveloped carbon removal markets and nascent technology like direct air capture to assess feasibility so others can benefit. Further, the company has already made significant progress on how it measures and reduces carbon emissions throughout its entire supply chain. Consider just a few of these points: \n   \n \n Microsoft charges its own internal business groups a real fee on their emissions as an incentive to drive them down and a way to raise capital for funds that reward sustainable innovation internally. I am not aware of many companies, especially the size of Microsoft, that actually charge a real carbon fee – most use what are called \"shadow prices.\" \n Few companies have begun to measure their Scope 1 or 2 emissions, let alone reduce or remove them. Even fewer have done this for Scope 3. \n Additionally, the company extended this real fee from its Scope 1 and 2 emissions out to Scope 3, which are the indirect emissions associated with its supply and value chain. This means it collects revenue on emissions it did not directly produce! Microsoft’s updated Supplier Code of Conduct essentially says, “if you want to continue doing business with Microsoft, you will need to measure and disclose your own emissions because ultimately, they are part of our footprint and we’re taking responsibility for that.” In essence, the company is using a carrot and stick approach with its own internal business groups and its suppliers to ensure everyone is coming along on this carbon negative journey. \n \n Why is the inclusion of Scope 3 emissions so significant? Look no further than this chart: \n \n A whopping ~95% of Microsoft’s emissions are Scope 3 which means that the company can only control ~5% of its own carbon footprint directly. The vast majority of emissions comes from the upstream parties Microsoft relies on to build its products and eventually, the downstream parties that consume them. Simply put, driving down the emissions of Microsoft’s entire supply and value chain is the only viable path to carbon negativity by 2030 and that is no easy task. It’s a fascinating example of just how far the private sector can go in incentivizing behavior change in others. Actions like these are not a substitute for government action (like a long overdue price on carbon) but they are an ambitious and positive step in the right direction. \n   \n Drawdown \n While these efforts are laudable they are simply not enough. Carbon emissions are measured in billions of metric tons - millions barely move the needle. Microsoft was only able to procure 1.3M metric tons of carbon removal in its first year (the largest annual purchase of carbon removal ever made by a single company). Even so this represents a tiny fraction (just 0.5%) of the 50B metric tons humanity pumps into the atmosphere every year. In order to sequester carbon at scale, Microsoft must help catalyze a market for carbon reduction that barely exists while relying on technology that is largely unproven. \n   \n   \n \n   \n “For the world to achieve a net-zero carbon economy, Microsoft’s removal demands must make up a tiny fraction global demand and supply – not the entirety of it.” - Lucas Joppa \n   \n That is largely the story of year one on Microsoft’s carbon negative journey. In my own words, what is needed to accomplish this doesn’t exist yet, but that isn't stopping Microsoft from trying anyways; somebody has to go first. The company will deploy all its resources and influence to help everyone build what is needed to ensure a livable future for all life on Earth. And it will be transparent about the successes and failures along the way to make sure it all happens as quickly as possible because the clock is ticking. \n   \n “Stabilizing the global climate system will require a heroic societal effort. The world must drastically reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But reductions won’t be enough. As a global society we must also remove large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere, to avert the worst social, economic and environmental impacts of a rapidly changing climate. And we must do so while recovering from a pandemic.” – Carbon Program Manager Elizabeth Wilmott and Lucas Joppa \n   \n \n See a summary of the overall report in Part One of this blog series \n \n Explore the water positive, zero waste, and ecosystems commitment in Part Three \n \n \n   \n Want to go deeper and learn more about carbon removal? \n   \n \n   \n   \n \n Microsoft carbon removal \"Lessons from an early corporate purchase\" white paper (read it!) \n Companion blog published by Microsoft’s Chief Environmental Officer Lucas Joppa \n Companion blog published by Microsoft’s President Brad Smith \n Explainer: Understanding the Math Behind Microsoft’s Commitment to Become Carbon Negative by 2030 - YouTube \n National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019 report \n 2021 Carbon Dioxide Removal Primer \n Project Drawdown \n \n   \n   \n Comments, questions and feedback welcome below!  \n Drew \n   \n About the author: Drew Wilkinson is a climate activist, community organizer, and co-founder of \n Microsoft’s 10,000 member employee sustainability community. He works for Planet Earth but provides \n consulting services on the people side of sustainability: employee engagement, culture and change \n management, community building, green skilling, and leadership development. Learn more on his \n website or add him on LinkedIn. \n   \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"8806","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":1,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTU3NTg2LTI1NjgxMmlCMjIyQTM4MjIxNDJBOEY2?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTU3NTg2LTI1NzE1NGk1NjU2QTMxNEVCQzMyQUEz?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTU3NTg2LTI1Njg2MGk3MzI1ODExNkREMjkzQjk5?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTU3NTg2LTI1NjgxM2lGRkNEN0Q0RTQ5Q0JGQjY2?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTU3NTg2LTI1Njg1NmlDNkM1NTJDQzg2Njc4RUNF?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDY","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTU3NTg2LTI1Njg1OGlDOUI4MzkxNjQxMDE4NjhF?revision=21\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDc","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTU3NTg2LTQ4ODgzM2lBRjVDQjZCODdGRUE0NDkz?revision=21\"}"}}],"totalCount":7,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:3795108":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:3795108","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":3795108},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2023-07-13T14:10:09.225-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:1770856":{"__typename":"User","uid":1770856,"login":"DrewWilkinson","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0xNzcwODU2LTQ1NzQ4OGk2MUU0REZGNzk4MzQwNUI1"},"id":"user:1770856"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNzk1MTA4LTQ2MDI3MWk3OUI2RTVFNjZBNEZCMTIw?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNzk1MTA4LTQ2MDI3MWk3OUI2RTVFNjZBNEZCMTIw?revision=23","title":"sccesreport.JPG","associationType":"BODY","width":2186,"height":1482,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNzk1MTA4LTQ2MDI3M2k3NTE4MjNFNUMzRkNEMzEz?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNzk1MTA4LTQ2MDI3M2k3NTE4MjNFNUMzRkNEMzEz?revision=23","title":"uniquecommunity.JPG","associationType":"BODY","width":1948,"height":1081,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNzk1MTA4LTQ4ODgzMGlDQzYzQTU3QzhGOTAwQ0Y2?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNzk1MTA4LTQ4ODgzMGlDQzYzQTU3QzhGOTAwQ0Y2?revision=23","title":"headshotdownload1.jpg","associationType":"BODY","width":750,"height":751,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:3795108":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"The Critical Role of Employee Sustainability Communities and How to Build One","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:3795108"},"id":"message:3795108","revisionNum":23,"uid":3795108,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:1770856"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Employee sustainability communities are one of the most effective ways to create a culture of sustainability in your organization. They are uniquely positioned to unlock innovation, increase connection and cooperation, and critically, bring more helping hands to a problem that is larger than any one of us.  ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":14287},"postTime":"2023-04-18T08:00:00.055-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-07-13T14:10:09.225-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" In my last blog post Make Sustainability Part of Everybody's Job (microsoft.com) I argued that sustainability teams would never have enough resources to drive change across the entirety of their organizations, and I provided practical tips for how to democratize sustainability work across all employees, roles, and job functions. In this article, I’ll explore one of the most effective ways to do that: employee sustainability communities. Companies who embrace and support these communities can grow the sustainability fluency of their existing workforce, attract and retain top talent, unlock innovation, and reduce their environmental impact simultaneously. These communities can also transform company culture, increase connection and cooperation across the entirety of the organization, and critically, bring more helping hands to a problem that is larger than any one of us. \n   \n Microsoft's employee sustainability community \n Microsoft is well known as a corporate leader on sustainability with its ambitious commitments to become carbon negative, water positive, and zero waste by 2030. Additionally, it launched a $1 billion dollar Climate Innovation Fund, runs an internal carbon fee that charges its business groups for their greenhouse gas emissions, and is working to address the sustainability skills gap in the workforce. Lesser known is its internal employee sustainability community and the integral role it plays in driving sustainability work across the entire company. As a founder and leader of this community, I can provide a unique view into how it started and has evolved to become a centerpiece of Microsoft’s sustainability strategy. \n   \n \n   \n Since 2018, Microsoft employees have self-organized into this grassroots, volunteer-led sustainability community and found creative ways to leverage the experience, skills, and passion of all employees to help the company achieve its sustainability commitments. It started with just 2 of us, but has grown to more than 10,000 members, 35 local chapters, and is a core part of the company’s sustainability strategy. Learn more about the community on pages 9-10 of Microsoft's 2021 Environmental Sustainability Report | Microsoft CSR. \n   \n The mission of the Sustainability Connected Community (SCC) is simple: make sustainability part of everybody’s job. How do we do it? Day to day community operations rely on a network of global volunteers who spend a few hours a week running programs that keep the entire workforce educated, inspired, and activated. Community members are encouraged to ask questions, provide answers, and share resources freely, creating an environment where information and opportunities abound. \n   \n The SCC is predominantly virtual, relying on the full suite of Microsoft 365 products like Teams, Yammer, and SharePoint, to create a rich digital ecosystem. Local chapters sometimes meet in person and provide a way to build relationships and improve regional offices and communities. The community provides regular synchronous and asynchronous ways for its global members to participate in the collective conversation. It hosts 3-4 calls a month, curates a regular newsletter, and provides open discussion forums that host thousands of conversations every year. It also manages an “always on” Hackathon platform so employees can work on sustainability projects with colleagues anytime, and regularly brings topical experts and senior leaders into direct conversations with employees. \n   \n To provide additional resources and support, the SCC is sponsored by our Chief Sustainability Officer. They are an active and visible member of the community, and use it to share important information, gain new insights, and address employee concerns directly. The community is also part of a formally resourced Communities of Practice program (Microsoft’s Connected Communities) and sits inside an ecosystem of 85 other CoPs and 50,000 other employees.  \n   \n The SCC plays an important role holding the company accountable to its sustainability commitments and pushing it to go further. For example, community members have raised concerns internally for years about the work Microsoft does with fossil fuel companies. These concerns ultimately led to a dialogue between employees and the company's President, and the publication of Microsoft’s first ever energy principles, which place conditions on how the company engages with the fossil fuel industry Working toward a net zero future: Evolving our work with energy companies. Employees at all companies have a critical role to play in pushing their employers to be more sustainable: the more organized they are, the more effective they will be. \n   \n In short, the SCC is the watercooler, classroom, and bulletin board of the 21st century hybrid workplace: members gather here to connect with each other and sustainability professionals, increase their understanding of the climate crisis, and critically, find the resources they need to do something about it with their unique background and skillset. The community acts as a connective tissue that cuts across traditional organizational boundaries and silos, ensuring that information and innovation flow freely throughout the entire company. Above all, it is a fun, welcoming, and warm place where employees can show up as their authentic selves and find the unique ways they can contribute. \n   \n \n   \n The future of work \n The future of work is hybrid, distributed, open, and highly collaborative. Employee sustainability communities embody this model beautifully! And because they predominantly run on volunteer labor, they're one of the most cost-effective and organic ways to drive sustainability work across an entire company. Let's examine the unique role communities can play. \n   \n nique role community can play: innovation, cooperation, and efficiency at scale \n   \n The first one is innovation. Pursuing sustainability means finding new ways of doing things to reduce environmental harm. That will require changing behavior, rewards, incentives, and operational practices at every level of a company. Ultimately, it means embedding sustainability as a core cultural value that everyone feels responsible for. A community is one of the fastest and cheapest ways to accelerate sustainable culture change because it provides the ability to reach into every deep nook and cranny of the company and empowers thousands of employees to drive change in their spheres of influence. It also allows organizations to harness the ideas, creativity, passion, and ingenuity of the entire workforce. \n   \n Some of the most impactful things that have come out of Microsoft in the last three years started as employee hackathon projects: from strategic partnerships with Terrapraxis to decarbonize coal power plants, to the use of AI as a way to scale the quantification and classification of plastic debris in rivers to prevent them from reaching oceans. Giving all employees the ability to contribute provides a diversity of ideas and solutions that benefit every part of the company while exploring and codifying the intersections of existing job functions with sustainability.  \n   \n The second thing communities are uniquely built for is cooperation. If you look at the climate crisis at the macro level, what is required above all else is human cooperation on a scale we’ve never seen before. Inside a company, the kind of widespread and decentralized collaboration made possible by communities like this can lead to new innovations while creating a meaningful sense of purpose and belonging. Consider the experience of employees who joined companies during the pandemic: they may have never stepped foot in an office or met a single coworker face to face. Engaging in a community can help employees find their people and feel connected to their company. Additionally, most people will never have sustainability as part of their formal jobs and yet, according to Kite Insights, 83% of people want to take climate action in their jobs. Communities provide a way for people to unite their passion with their purpose at work and the resources all employees need to make sustainability part of their jobs. Along the way, they also create leadership development opportunities, which can lead to higher job satisfaction, retention, and loyalty. \n   \n Finally, communities create gains of efficiency. If you put all of this effort in one place, from peer-to-peer learning, to the ability to ask questions openly, get answers, and connect to colleagues and resources in the open, you end up maximizing the impact of people’s time. That level of connection, cooperation, and collaboration across an entire organization can break down information silos and help prevent employee “idea loss” and the randomization of employee suggestions on sustainability improvements to business operations. \n   \n Starting an employee sustainability community in your organization \n Ready to build your own sustainability community? To be effective, you’ll want to use the right tool for the job, so let’s cover the 3 most common types of workplace communities! \n   \n The first are Employee Resource Groups (ERGs). ERGs are generally voluntary, employee-led groups whose aim is to foster a diverse, inclusive workplace. Put another way, they are generally affinity groups for employees with a shared identity. ERGs tend to be unmanaged, decentralized, and rely on ad hoc collaboration. \n   \n Next is a Community of Interest (CoI), which as the name implies, is a community of people who share a common interest or passion. This could be something totally non-work-related like “hikers of Piper” or “cat lovers of Hooli.” CoIs are similar to ERGs in the sense that they are voluntary, distributed groups of people aligned to a common topic. The primary difference is that CoIs generally focus on topics that have nothing to do with the lived experience or identities of their members. CoIs and ERGs tend to have basic community structures (oftentimes nothing more than an email distribution list), ad-hoc collaboration, and few if any metrics that can be used to measure community activity or efficacy. \n   \n The last type of community discussed here, and the model used by the SCC at Microsoft, is a Community of Practice, which APQC defines as “designated networks of people who share information and knowledge… held together by a common purpose, which usually focuses on sharing experiences and insights related to a topic or discipline. CoPs perform a variety of knowledge-oriented tasks on behalf of organizations, including documenting and transferring best practices and lessons learned, providing access to expertise, supporting on-the-job learning, and coming up with new ideas and innovations.” These communities tend to have a more advanced community structure (like chapters or sub communities), formalized and regular activities (like monthly calls or newsletters), established people who run them (volunteers or employees), metrics to track and report on community activity, and are focused on problem solving, knowledge sharing, and elevating the collective intelligence of the broader organization they are a part of. \n   \n If you are starting or rebooting an existing community, you may need to work within the existing structure your company has (many only have ERGs). However, I recommend using a Community of Practice, or better yet building a portfolio of Communities of Practice, since these communities are designed for knowledge sharing. But fair warning: communities are a long-term investment. It can take years of hard work and persistence to realize the full value of a community. It takes time to grow expertise on any topic in an organization, but especially one as large, complex, and poorly understood as sustainability. So be tenacious and advocate for as many resources as you can (e.g. it should be someone’s actual job to run it!) \n   \n \n \n \n   \n Employee Resource Group (ERG) \n Community of Interest (CoI) \n Community of Practice (CoP) \n \n \n The basics \n Unmanaged, decentralized, distributed, ad hoc collaboration \n Unmanaged, decentralized, distributed, ad hoc collaboration \n Managed, centralized, distributed, regular/formalized collaboration \n \n \n Focuses on \n Connecting people, affinity groups, diversity and inclusion \n Connecting people around shared interest \n Connecting people to resources, collective problem solving, knowledge sharing/harvesting, centralizing information \n \n \n Structure \n Basic \n Basic to medium  \n Medium to advanced, may include sub communities or formalized programs for knowledge management \n \n \n \n   \n Tips to get started \n   \n \n See what already exists and leverage it: one of the most common barriers to successfully getting a community off the ground is the existence of multiple communities who might be doing the same thing, but in a disconnected way. Before creating something new in your organization, take the time to see what has already been created and go from there. The bigger tent you build, the more people you can invite in. \n Make your purpose clear: defining the community mission statement is critical - people won’t know what your community is for or how to use it without one! A clear mission statement unlocks participation, invites collaboration, and creates a shared sense of purpose. Less is more - a good mission statement is short, simple, and easy to understand. The mission of the SCC is “make sustainability part of everybody’s job.\" \n Make it easy to participate: people are busy at work. If you don’t make it easy to engage, you will struggle to grow and sustain your community. \n Meet people where they’re at: what platforms, tools, and processes does your company already use to run communities or invite open collaboration? Go with the current workflow to start. I’ve seen communities run on things as simple as email distribution lists. Version 1 doesn’t need to be fancy - it needs to be easy to find and use. You can improve and iterate over time as the community grows and matures. \n Get executive sponsorship: Having formal sponsorship adds legitimacy, which draws people in and increases participation, which increases value, bringing more people in, and suddenly you have a thriving, growing community! In this case, you could start with your company’s Chief Sustainability Officer or equivalent. Make sure they understand the value of an employee community, resource it, and can advocate for its best interests. Which leads me to… \n Make the business case for resources: Communities thrive on volunteer labor, but nothing beats having it be part of someone’s actual job. This ensures consistency, the most important ingredient for community management. You could try making the case for resourcing a larger program of communities like this - it’s likely your company has other topics it could leverage communities of practice for. Having a community budget can also unlock participation and things like in person volunteer events. \n \n   \n Conclusion \n Companies that understand the value of engaging all of their employees on sustainability will thrive in a climate changed world. By democratizing sustainability work across all roles and job functions, organizations can create a culture of sustainability that will attract and retain top talent, unlock innovation, and lead to a workforce with high sustainability fluency. Employee sustainability communities are one of the most effective ways to do this at scale: they are uniquely suited to transform company culture, increase connection and cooperation, and critically, bring more helping hands to a problem that is larger than any one of us.  \n   \n In many ways, this challenge is reflective of the larger ones it is trying to solve: how do we build resilient communities to ensure the long-term health and well-being of people and planet? How do we collaborate at massive scales? In short, how do we change? None of us has the answers alone - we need to work together to solve these problems. \n   \n Learn more: \n \n Microsoft Sustainability Connected Community - YouTube \n Make Sustainability Part of Everybody's Job (microsoft.com) \n Glacier Climate Week | LEARN - Every job is a climate job - YouTube \n 2021 Environmental Sustainability Report | Microsoft CSR (pages 9-10 feature the SCC) \n Powered by the People: It Rarely Hurts to Ask podcast with Drew Wilkinson (an oral history of the SCC) \n Job Function Action Guides | Project Drawdown \n Every-Job-Is-A-Climate-Job-Kite-Insights.pdf (kiteinsights.com) \n Closing the Sustainability Skills Gap: Helping businesses move from pledges to progress \n \n   \n About the author: Drew Wilkinson is a climate activist, community organizer, and co-founder of \n Microsoft’s 10,000 member employee sustainability community. He works for Planet Earth but provides \n consulting services on the people side of sustainability: employee engagement, culture and change \n management, community building, green skilling, and leadership development. Learn more on his \n website or add him on LinkedIn. \n   \n   \n \n   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IoT is a game changer for the Sustainability Metaverse","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:3291430"},"id":"message:3291430","revisionNum":1,"uid":3291430,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:1053965"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" The sustainability metaverse is less about any specific type of technology, and much more about how we interact with technology.  It has become a truly viable notion that technology permits the degree of interaction required to support a unified experience that simultaneously transcends both physical and digital.   ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":139618},"postTime":"2022-04-21T09:07:27.117-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-04-21T09:07:27.117-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n What IoT is to the Metaverse \n   \n To echo the sentiment of a recent article in Wired Magazine, the metaverse is less about any specific type of technology, and much more about how we interact with technology. To appreciate just how compelling a departure this is, consider Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella’s take: \n   \n … the metaverse enables us to embed computing into the real world and to embed the real world into computing, bringing real presence to any digital space. Techgig.com; Jan 2022 \n   \n Thus, the promise of the metaverse is a net-new ‘phygital’ experience – one draws strategically upon blending elements of the physical world together with the digital. \n   \n Originally through speculative fiction, the notion of the metaverse was first introduced some 30 years ago. Because it has taken the intervening three decades to amass the technologies required to enable instantiations of the metaverse, it is only recently that the notion has become truly viable – i.e., that technology permits the degree of interaction required to support a unified experience that simultaneously transcends the physical and digital. \n   \n Arguably the most profound outcome of digital transformation available today, the metaverse depends in a very fundamental way upon data. Thus, of all technological advances over the past 30 years, it is those that are most data centric that are required to enable the metaverse. Although there is significant breadth and depth implicit here, it is the Internet of Things (IoT) that has proven not only the most disruptive advancement, but the most critical for enabling the metaverse. \n   \n   \n A Sustainability Metaverse \n   \n A Sustainability Metaverse for Industrial Agriculture \n   \n As a ‘proving ground’ for a sustainability metaverse, it would be difficult to conceive of a more challenging setting than that of industrial agriculture. Responsible for the most-diverse array of greenhouse-gas emissions, from carbon dioxide to methane and nitrous oxide, the sector’s value chain (see figure below) is anything but green. Emissions aside, the sector also finds itself situated at the nexus of the broader dialog on sustainability – a dialog that incorporates concerns relating to biodiversity, plus waste and water management, and more. Together with social and governance metrics, and based largely on sustainability, environmental metrics contribute to a corporation’s ESG criteria – an aggregation of non-financial metrics that are increasingly used to characterize performance. For an industry that has been practiced for more than 10,000 years, that is a lot to grapple with. \n \n   \n Figure 1 Agriculture's emissions portfolio across all scopes. \n   \n In stark contrast to the home or office, industrial agriculture makes use of the broadest spectrum of indoor and outdoor spaces. Uptake of industrial IoT (IIoT) serves well to illustrate the challenge from the technology perspective, as it would be impossible to engineer a one-size-fits-all device that covers all agricultural use cases. Whereas indoor monitoring devices might need to factor in the corrosive effects of ammonia in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), intermittent power and connectivity may be the key requirements for deployments in expansive outdoor settings involving crops and livestock. To reiterate, industrial agriculture introduces some of the most demanding physical and digital integration requirements for a sustainability metaverse that can embrace both the barn and the field. \n   \n Almost remarkably then, by leveraging Microsoft’s broad and deep technology portfolio on Azure, solution collaboration demonstrates that a sustainability metaverse can embrace industrial agriculture at scale. Despite the demanding requirements of in-the-field yet sparse IIoT deployments, \n … helps farmers shift to data-centric practices. It tackles the problem on both the decision-making and operational levels. [Azure] cloud technology [is used] to gather millions of data points and synthesize them via sophisticated machine learning. It advises farmers and interacts with devices to control irrigation and other functions. \n Innovative solutions can now validate the reciprocity implicit in Nadella’s characterization of the metaverse: \n \n IIoT was ‘embedded’ into farmers’ fields \n Insight was derived by applying cloud-based AI models to field data \n Feedback was provided to farmers on a proactive basis   \n \n Finally, yet perhaps most importantly, these types of solutions are being used in production at scale today. \n   \n \n   \n Figure 2 TalentCloud’s Agro-Brain solution. \n   \n Should value be perceived, the existing platform could be augmented to include sensors capable of ‘hearing’ and/or ‘smelling’ (e.g., monitoring water-vapor, methane, and/or nitrous-oxide levels). It seems reasonable to posit, therefore, that the more visceral the experience becomes (e.g., by catering to all senses) the more compelling a sustainability metaverse. The metaverse, recall, is all about the mutual interaction between us and our technology. \n To glean even more from TalentCloud’s Agro-Brain solution please consult the customer story here. \n   \n A Sustainability Metaverse for the Smart City \n   \n The industrial agriculture use case and solutions can be considered a sustainability metaverse today – even though there exists ample upside for enhancements. Of course, the IoT-fueled intersection between sustainability and the metaverse is not restricted to just industrial agriculture. \n   \n In a previous post, I provided an overview of a solution that is being used by the Town of Cary, North Carolina, to predict and manage floods. In common with the above example from industrial agriculture is the requirement for broad and deep uptake of IoT technology. Although benefits from this ‘smart city’ are already being derived, refactoring the Town’s solution within the emerging framework of a sustainability metaverse has the potential to deliver even greater value. An existing feature of the Town of Cary’s solution is the engagement of its citizens. As IoT-fueled metaverses thrive on interaction, the prospects for urban environments would seem to present exciting prospects for the future. \n   \n Digital transformation requires a data-first approach. So too does the metaverse. From smart farming to cities, IoT is arguably the key enabler as devices can instrument the physical world with a broad and deep array of sensors. As the previous industrial agriculture solution demonstrated, the introduction of cloud-based AI allowed valuable insights to be derived from field data – non-trivial value that impacts both financial as well as ESG criteria metrics. \n   \n AI, however, is merely one of the ‘game-changing technologies’ that can be leveraged in the IoT-fueled metaverse. To illustrate how other technologies might factor into a sustainability metaverse, consider the case of supporting the transition to electrified vehicles (EVs). As the EPA data (below) indicates, the impetus for aiding transition of the light-duty vehicles segment of the sector to electrified vehicles is well evident. \n   \n   \n   \n \n   \n Figure 3 Emissions by source in the transportation sector based upon 2019 EPA data. \n   \n Because the transition is anything but straightforward, however, Microsoft partner Allego has developed an intelligent electric vehicle charging solution enable by Azure Digital Twin.  This solution models entities within the electric vehicle charging network to optimize charging schedules using real-time data.  The modeled entities include regional information, utility companies, vehicles and as a result enables electric vehicle drivers everywhere with flexible, user-friendly charging options that are also environmentally friendly. \n As uptake of EVs by consumers remain early stage of market adoption, electromobility has come a long way.  EV performance is improving, battery ranges have increased and there is growing adoption as fleet managers, utility companies and municipalities closely manage monitor and optimize grid stability and charging stations. Of course, it would be fair to state that the volatility inherent in the space at the current time means that the risk remains an inherent characteristic.  Allego’s charging solution monitors and services charging points remotely and supports a variety of electric vehicles, charge speeds and charging station.  These capabilities enable grid operators and energy suppliers to adapt to the demand and align to the availability of renewable resources and lower energy rates. \n   \n \n   \n Figure 4 Schematic illustrating the better visibility into energy usage throughout the system, making it easier and more affordable to own and operate an electric vehicle. \n Much like the Town of Cary’s dashboard for flood prediction and management, a natural next phase in the evolution of Microsoft IoT Sustainability enabled by partner solution would be a refactoring that moves it progressively in the direction of a sustainability metaverse. Ultimately, real-time interactions between the physical and digital realms could enable a next-gen experience for EV consumers and infrastructure providers. \n   \n  The Future of Sustainability and Industry \n   \n Under the auspices of the United Nations, sustainability was defined as: \n   \n … meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. \n   \n Penned some 34 years ago, this definition still resonates in terms of its simple characterization of our interdependent present and future – a present and future defined by interaction. \n   \n Because a bias towards interaction is fundamental to any notion of the metaverse, the juxtaposition with sustainability is only surprising in terms of the possibilities that can be considered. From the proving grounds of industrial agriculture to exciting prospects for decarbonizing urban centers, sustainability metaverses bring the promise of real-world solutions in a digital age. \n   \n Data will always be the critical component of the sustainability metaverse. Fortunately, \\ IoT is poised to ‘instrument’ the physical world as needed to ensure interactive digital experiences can be realized. The emphasis on data ensures that value-added experiences can be delivered; for example, cloud-based AI models can deliver real-time insights to farmers as well as those responsible for the infrastructure of smart cities. \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"10795","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMjkxNDMwLTM2NTg2NmlGN0JBMzhGQUJFQzQyOTZD?revision=1\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMjkxNDMwLTM2NTg0NmlDODk1NDY1Qjk1NjEwQjE1?revision=1\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMjkxNDMwLTM2NTg0OGlBRUE3Q0MwRUJDQjQzNEY1?revision=1\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMjkxNDMwLTM2NTg0N2lEREE3MTM5ODhBQTZGREQz?revision=1\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zMjkxNDMwLTM2NTg0OWk1OTc5MjExRTNBRjc1M0Yy?revision=1\"}"}}],"totalCount":5,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:3538611":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:3538611","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":3538611},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2022-11-30T04:35:52.538-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:183371":{"__typename":"User","uid":183371,"login":"Matthew Sekol","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0xODMzNzEtMzU2MzQxaThDQTIzQjVGRDY3MUNEMEU"},"id":"user:183371"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5N2lBRUJFRjI0Qzc4MjJGMjdF?revision=1\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5N2lBRUJFRjI0Qzc4MjJGMjdF?revision=1","title":"pexels-photo-117843.jpeg","associationType":"TEASER","width":740,"height":400,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5OWkwQUREMTFDNjVBNTNGQTdB?revision=1\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5OWkwQUREMTFDNjVBNTNGQTdB?revision=1","title":"greeningofit.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1478,"height":673,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:3538611":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"The Greening of IT","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:3538611"},"id":"message:3538611","revisionNum":1,"uid":3538611,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:183371"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":13965},"postTime":"2022-06-23T08:00:00.043-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-06-23T08:00:00.043-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" There is change brewing in the air, quite literally. For the first time in human history, the Keeling Curve, which measures atmospheric carbon dioxide, reached 420 parts per million (ppm). This unfortunate news, combined with the undeniable increase in severe weather events and ongoing IPCC warnings, has led to a metaphorical change in the air. As a result, many stakeholders, from front-line workers to knowledge workers to the board and customers, are discussing sustainability. \n One of the critical tenants of lowering your company's carbon impact is operational reductions. This means that every business unit must investigate its contributions to the company's overall operational reduction of carbon, identify climate risks, and the impact of the business on the environment. In the age where 'every company is a software company,' the stakes couldn't be higher for an IT organization working to modernize and digitize the business. \n Running a technology stack means using energy. As a result, technology could create an outsized carbon impact when renewable energy is unavailable due to its energy intensity nature. When it comes to IT's opportunity to lower carbon reductions, the story includes much more than renewable energy and will involve both IT and business stakeholders. \n There is a trend emerging around greening IT operations, or Green IT. This trend weaves in and out of Digital Transformation and should be a familiar journey to IT Professionals. However, before jumping in, it's essential to recognize that the journey is never as linear as Point A to Point B. Your company might go along this path in several ways, in parallel. \n The path looks like the Digital Transformation journey, but along the way, there are opportunities for IT to impact sustainability. Check out the green dots on the diagram below and let’s dive in! \n \n   \n Table Stakes: Migrating to the Cloud \n There are several benefits to moving to the cloud: costs, the scale, the geographic reach, but did you know that sustainability is one of the reasons? The cloud has two main benefits regarding sustainability: carbon reductions and energy efficiency. \n In 2018, Microsoft published a study called The carbon benefits of cloud computing. Per the study,  \n The results show that the Microsoft Cloud is between 22 and 93 percent more energy efficient than traditional enterprise datacenters, depending on the specific comparison being made. When taking into account our renewable energy purchases, the Microsoft Cloud is between 72 and 98 percent more carbon efficient. \n You might think that Microsoft's renewable energy purchases account for these savings. That is part of it, but there are three more reasons cited in the study: IT operational efficiency, IT equipment efficiency, and Datacenter infrastructure efficiency. The efficiencies of a hyper-scale cloud, like Azure, lower the inefficiencies of on-premises carbon and energy-intensive workloads. \n I often talk with companies that miss how much Scope 3 goes into datacenter operations, including equipment manufacturing, procurement, and disposition. To learn more about how we think about this, check out our other study, A new approach for Scope 3 emissions transparency. \n In other words, the starting point for IT's sustainability journey could be the simple act of a cloud migration. Once migrated, a company can view its Azure-related emissions with the Carbon Emissions Impact Dashboard. \n   \n Taking advantage of cloud infrastructure: Modernization and Refactoring \n Most of my career was spent in IT, supporting traditional 3-tier applications: a front-end client, an application in the middle, and a back-end database. After migrating these workloads to the cloud, this classic infrastructure-heavy design can hinder scale, growth, manageability, and impact sustainability. \n The cloud allows IT to take advantage of its efficiency to run efficient platforms. For example, running a whole operating system and infrastructure for a SQL server is more carbon-intensive than running SQL PaaS, or running a container/logic job is more efficient than a dedicated or shared server. \n Map out your application architectures and consider how to modernize your infrastructure with newly available cloud technologies. This refactoring of applications can have other benefits, too, like allowing for a faster development cycle and application resiliency. \n For more ideas, check out these more infrastructure-focused reads over on the Sustainable Software blog: \n :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:How Azure.com uses Serverless Functions for Consumption-based utilization and reduced always-on electric footprint  \n  :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:Tuning Servers for Energy Savings \n  :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:Adopting Azure serverless architectures to help reduce CO2 emissions – Part 1 \n  :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:Adopting Azure serverless architectures to help reduce CO2 emissions - Part 2 \n   \n Running a well-governed environment with operational efficiency \n I remember running a wildly inefficient ERP system on-premises a few years ago. There were several environments for the 3-tier application and supporting functions across Sandbox, Dev, QA, Support, Production, and Disaster Recovery. While much of it was virtualized, workloads were often left online and in various states of development, requiring constant ongoing management. \n Here, creating new governance models based on the Well-Architected Framework can help drive secure and cost-efficient implementations but drive sustainability as well! \n Once your company has a well-governed IT environment, layering on operational excellence is key, which becomes more manageable with DevOps. The DevOps concepts to Plan, Develop, and Deliver environments bring resiliency to your deployments, but Operations can drive sustainability improvements. Intelligent management of cloud workloads drives efficiency so that you only operate what you need to when you need to. So when you hear people proclaim that DevOps saves them time and money, sustainability is one of the benefits, too! \n For example, monitoring usage and scripting shutdowns during resource inactivity saves an administrator management time and eliminates that resource's compute energy, lowering the carbon footprint.  \n   \n Developing with sustainability in mind: Sustainable Software Development \n Besides the infrastructure and operational efficiency, the cloud allows developers to contribute to improving sustainability. Code and applications should run efficiently as possible. \n Developers should start with the principles of Sustainable Software Engineering to understand how to design code against common environmental principles. This fundamental understanding will help developers make better design decisions. Once developed, the software can be checked against standards, like the Green Software Foundation's Software Carbon Intensity (SCI). Per the documentation: \n The Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) Specification defines a methodology for calculating the rate of carbon emissions for a software system. The purpose is to help users and developers make informed choices about which tools, approaches, architectures, and services they use in the future. \n This work doesn't only extend to developers but also to practitioners of Data and AI. There is much written on this topic by Microsoft Research, including this new study on measuring the carbon intensity of AI in cloud instances. \n   \n Bringing it all together \n As your company and its business units start tackling sustainability and carbon emissions, they will inevitably come knocking on IT's door, mainly because 'every company is a software company.' Technology is fundamental for the business and needs to be examined for its impact. \n Whether you are an IT Manager considering a move to the cloud, an IT engineer looking to refactor and optimize application architectures, an Infrastructure engineer building technology governance processes, a developer creating applications, or even a one-person IT shop, YOU can impact sustainability.  \n Bring together your IT team and business unit stakeholders to discuss the journey. Build on the research and resources throughout this article to help inform your approach. Then, carefully consider each area where you can gain efficiency. At best, this helps meet your company's sustainability goals and lowers your impact. At worst, you come away with more efficiency and resilience in your technology stack.  \n Gather your stakeholders and get planning! ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"8704","kudosSumWeight":3,"repliesCount":1,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5N2lBRUJFRjI0Qzc4MjJGMjdF?revision=1\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5OWkwQUREMTFDNjVBNTNGQTdB?revision=1\"}"}}],"totalCount":2,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:2866923":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:2866923","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":2866923},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2021-12-17T07:31:45.003-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:1149320":{"__typename":"User","uid":1149320,"login":"WillBuchanan","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0xMTQ5MzIwLTQ3MzAwNWk4Q0Q3QkVGQUVDRTVFOENE"},"id":"user:1149320"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM2M2k2MzVCMzYyMDQxODdGRjMw?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM2M2k2MzVCMzYyMDQxODdGRjMw?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.19.29 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2450,"height":630,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MGk4M0U3MkM4QzU1NDU2RThD?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MGk4M0U3MkM4QzU1NDU2RThD?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.19.11 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2028,"height":1120,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MWkxMjM3ODNFNEYwOTg3NThD?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MWkxMjM3ODNFNEYwOTg3NThD?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.19.47 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2180,"height":1054,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4Mmk4OUE4QUQyNDJBMzQ1M0M2?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4Mmk4OUE4QUQyNDJBMzQ1M0M2?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.23.16 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1636,"height":1162,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:2866923":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"Charting the path towards sustainable AI with Azure Machine Learning resource metrics","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2866923"},"id":"message:2866923","revisionNum":16,"uid":2866923,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:1149320"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Today, we are announcing a new set of resource metrics available in Azure Machine Learning to help customers understand the computational and energetic costs of their AI workloads across the machine learning lifecycle.   ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":17989},"postTime":"2021-10-22T14:12:07.765-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-10-22T14:12:07.765-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Today, we are announcing a new set of resource metrics available in Azure Machine Learning to help customers understand the computational and energetic costs of their AI workloads across the machine learning lifecycle.   \n   \n \n   \n Azure Machine Learning is a platform that empowers data scientists and developers through a wide range of productive experiences to build, train, and deploy machine learning. AI involves building models by ‘training’ on datasets and deriving predictions (‘inferences’) by running these models on new data points. Using energy-efficient machine learning tactics helps data scientists utilize their cloud computational resources more effectively and save costs. When developing models, there is a point where the marginal cost starts increasing exponentially faster than model performance. \n   \n Currently, data scientists simply do not have easy or reliable access to tools that allow them to consider the costs (including energy consumption and computational cost) of a model alongside performance related metrics such as performance, accuracy, and throughput. To address this, there is a rapidly emergent field called ‘Green AI’ that emphasizes energy efficiency and cost savings across the Machine Learning lifecycle. \n   \n “It is past time for researchers to prioritize energy efficiency and cost to reduce negative environmental impact and inequitable access to resources.” \n  –Timnit Gebru, Former Google Ethics Lead Researcher, coauthor of Stochastic Parrots \n   \n Deep learning often requires specialized hardware and can consume large amounts of energy if not used efficiently. GPUs provide significant acceleration and performance gains but are power-hungry (often consuming 250W-350W). Microsoft is pioneering advanced technologies such as liquid cooling and underwater datacenters to make their hardware more efficient, but it is imperative to also create software-based solutions to reduce energy consumption. To drive infrastructure efficiency and help with management and monitoring of GPU devices, these new resource metrics leverage \n   \n “Progress in machine learning is measured in part through the constant improvement of performance metrics such as accuracy or latency. Energy efficiency metrics, while being an equally important target, have not received the same degree of attention. Exposing this information at scale for both training and inference in Azure ML is an exciting first step towards the development of energy-efficient models and algorithms.” \n - Nicolo Fusi, MSR Senior Principal Researcher \n   \n Sustainable development and application of machine learning must account for hidden costs such as energetic, computational, and eventually environmental. The first step in Green AI is to provide a cost measurement baseline to customers, which includes energetic and computational costs. Next, a portfolio of Green AI tactics will help mitigate these costs across the Machine Learning lifecycle. Azure Machine Learning is driving this forward with ongoing partnerships with the Allen Institute for AI and the Green Software Foundation.  \n   \n \"The vital first step toward more equitable and green AI is the clear and transparent reporting of electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and cost. You can't improve what you can't measure.\" \n - Jesse Dodge, Allen Institute for AI, coauthor of Green AI. \n   \n Initially, this transparency is provided through new cost metrics that customers can use to understand the computational cost and energy spent to train and run machine learning models across the full machine learning lifecycle. These capabilities include surfacing new resource metrics like GPU energy, memory, utilization, and computational cost (core-seconds as a proxy for monetary cost) for Azure Machine Learning compute. \n   \n Internally, many Microsoft business groups like MS Office and MS Research are already leveraging these tools, and they are now available for all customers: \"M365 is leveraging these new capabilities to help record, report, and reduce CO2 emissions. We are working with Azure Machine Learning to outline a framework for carbon-aware machine learning\" -Kieran McDonald, partner group engineering manager, MSAI \n   \n Resource Metrics in Azure Machine Learning Studio \n To view the GPU energy cost of training workloads on Azure Machine Learning compute, customers can now use Azure Machine Learning Studio to find their most energetically expensive ML workloads. \n \n In the new Azure Machine Learning Studio monitoring tab, customers can view resource metrics and detailed energy consumption information, such as CPU/GPU utilization, GPU memory usage, and total GPU energy usage. The visualization capabilities provide a time-series energy profile for each node. \n \n Viewing Cost Logs in the new ‘jobCost’ field \n As a proxy for monetary cost, the new jobCost field is available in the Azure Machine Learning Studio logs. This jobCost field provides a breakdown of charged costs per job, to account for node utilization and core-seconds, and memory for a given SKU: \n   \n “jobCost”: {“chargedCpuCoreSeconds:0”, “chargedCpuMemoryMegabyteSeconds:0”, “chargedGpuSeconds:0”, “chargedNodeUtilizationSeconds:0”} \n   \n   \n View Energy Metrics In Azure Monitor \n GPU Energy metrics for both training and inference (Managed Endpoints) are visible in Azure Monitor. To access this, select the scope of your subscription, define a resource group, select your workspace, and select the metric “GpuEnergyJoules” with a “sum” aggregation. This information can also be downloaded as an excel file for further analysis, or accessed via the Azure Monitor REST API.  \n \n Azure Machine Learning continues to work in this space through its partnerships with AI2 and the GSF and will continue to provide transparency around ML workloads. By prioritizing energy efficiency, data practitioners can promote sustainable development of AI.  \n   \n Learn more: \n \n Try Azure Machine Learning today - use the free $200 trial: Azure Machine Learning - ML as a Service | Microsoft Azure and Train and Deploy Machine Learning Models | Microsoft Azure \n See what the Allen Institute for AI has to say about GreenAI here \n \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   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AI: Student Ambassador Green-A-Thon activity report","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2348875"},"id":"message:2348875","revisionNum":10,"uid":2348875,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:752828"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Plant AI: A Microsoft Student Ambassador Group Project in the Green Tech League. This project uses Machine Learning to identify diseases in crop plants all in the browser. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":10982},"postTime":"2021-06-01T09:00:00.055-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-06-01T09:00:00.055-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n   \n Hello developers 👋! In this article, we introduce our project “Plant AI :shamrock:” and walk you through our motivation behind building this project, how it could be helpful to the community, the process of building this project, and finally our future plans with this project. \n   \n Plant AI :shamrock: is a web application 🌐 that helps to easily diagnose diseases in plants from plant images using Machine Learning available on the web. We provide an interface on the website where you can upload images of your plant leaves. Since we focus on plant leaf diseases we can detect the plant's diseases by seeing an image of the leaves. We also provide users easy ways to treat the diagnosed disease. \n   \n As of now, our model supports 38 categories of healthy and unhealthy plant images across species and diseases. See the complete list of supported diseases and species can be found here. If you are want to test out Plant AI, you can use one of these images. \n   \n Guess, what? This project is also completely open-sourced⭐, here is the GitHub repo for this project: https://github.com/Rishit-dagli/Greenathon-Plant-AI \n   \n The motivation behind building this \n Human society needs to increase food production an estimated 70% by 2050 to feed an expected population size that is predicted to be over 9 billion people [1]. Currently, infectious diseases reduce the potential yield by an average of 40% with many farmers in the developing world experiencing yield losses as high as 100%. \n   \n The widespread distribution of smartphones among farmers around the world offers the potential of turning smartphones into a valuable tool for diverse communities growing food. \n   \n Our motivation with Plant AI is to aid crop growers by turning their smartphones into a diagnosis tool that could substantially increase crop yield and reduce crop failure. We also aim to make this rather easy for crop growers so the tool can be used on a daily basis. \n   \n How does this work? \n As we highlighted in the previous section, our main target audience with this project is crop growers. We intend for them to use this on a daily basis to diagnose disease from their plant images. \n   \n Our application relies on the Machine Learning Model we built to identify plant diseases from images. We first built this Machine Learning model using TensorFlow and Azure Machine Learning to keep track, orchestrate, and perform our experiments in a well-defined manner. A subset of our experiments used to build the current model have also been open-sourced and can be found on the project’s GitHub repo. \n   \n We were quite interested in running this Machine Learning model on mobile devices and smartphones to further amplify its use. Using TensorFlow JS to optimize our model allows it to work on the web for devices that are less compute-intensive. \n   \n We also optimized this model to work on embedded devices with TensorFlow Lite further expanding the usability of this project and also providing a hosted model API built using TensorFlow Serving and hosted with Azure Container Registry and Azure Container Instances. \n   \n We talk about the Machine Learning aspect and our experiments in greater detail in the upcoming sections. \n   \n \n   \n To allow plant growers to easily use this Plant AI, we provide a fully functional web app built with React and hosted on Azure Static Web Apps. This web app allows farmers to use the Machine Learning model and identify diseases from plant images all on the web. You can try out this web app at https://www.plant-ai.tech/ and upload a plant image to our model. In case you want to test out the web app we also provide real-life plant images you can use. \n   \n We expect most of the traffic and usage of Plant AI from mobile devices, consequently, the Machine Learning model we run through the web app is optimized to run on the client-side. \n   \n This also enables us to have blazing fast performance with our ML model. We use this model on the client-side with TensorFlow JS APIs which also allows us to boost performance with a WebGL backend. \n   \n Building the Machine Learning Model \n Building the Machine Learning Model is a core part of our project. Consequently, we spent quite some time experimenting and building the Machine Learning Model. We had to build a machine learning model that offers acceptable performance and is not too heavy since we want to run the model on low-end devices \n   \n Training the model \n We trained our model on the Plant Village dataset [2] on about 87,000 (+ augmented images) healthy and unhealthy leaf images. These images were classified into 38 categories based on species and diseases. Here are a couple of images the model was trained on: \n \n   \n We experimented with quite a few architectures and even tried building our own architectures from scratch using Azure Machine Learning to keep track, orchestrate, and perform our experiments in a well-defined manner. \n   \n It turned out that transfer learning on top of MobileNet [3] was indeed quite promising for our use case. The model we built gave us the acceptable performance and was close to 12 megabytes in size, not a heavy one. Consequently, we built a model on top of MobileNet using initial weights from MobileNet trained on ImageNet [4]. \n   \n We also made a subset of our experiments used to train the final model for public use through this project’s GitHub repository. \n   \n Running the model on a browser \n We applied TensorFlow JS (TFLS) to perform Machine Learning on the client-side on the browser. First, we converted our model to the TFJS format with the TensorFlow JS converter, which allowed us to easily convert our TensorFlow SavedModel to TFJS format. The TensorFlow JS Converter also optimized the model for the web by sharding the weights into 4MB files so that they can be cached by browsers. It also attempts to simplify the model graph itself using Grappler such that the model outputs remain the same. Graph simplifications often include folding together adjacent operations, eliminating common subgraphs, etc. \n   \n After the conversion, our TFJS format model has the following files, which are loaded on the web app: \n \n model.json (the dataflow graph and weight manifest) \n group1-shard\\*of\\* (collection of binary weight files) \n \n Once our TFJS model was ready, we wanted to run the TFJS model on browsers. To do so we again made use of the TensorFlow JS Converter that includes an API for loading and executing the model in the browser with TensorFlow JS 🚀. We were excited to run our model on the client-side since the ability to run deep networks on personal mobile devices improves user experience, offering anytime, anywhere access, with additional benefits for security, privacy, and energy consumption. \n Designing the web app \n One of our major aims while building Plant AI was to make high-quality disease detection accessible to most crop growers. Thus, we decided to build Plant AI in the form of a web app to make it easily accessible and usable by crop growers. \n   \n As mentioned earlier, the design and UX of our project are focused on ease of use and simplicity. The basic frontend of Plant AI contains just a minimal landing page and two other subpages. All pages were designed using custom reusable components, improving the overall performance of the web app and helping to keep the design consistent across the web app. \n Building and hosting the web app \n Once the UI/UX wireframe was ready and a frontend structure was available for further development, we worked to transform the Static React Application into a Dynamic web app. The idea was to provide an easy and quick navigation experience throughout the web app. For this, we linked the different parts of the website in such a manner that all of them were accessible right from the home page. \n \n   \n Once we can access the models we load them using TFJS converter model loading APIs by making individual HTTP(S) requests for loading the model.json file (the dataflow graph and weight manifest) and the sharded weight file in the mentioned order. This approach allows all of these files to be cached by the browser (and perhaps by additional caching servers on the internet) because the model.json and the weight shards are each smaller than the typical cache file size limit. Thus a model is likely to load more quickly on subsequent occasions. \n   \n We first normalize our images that is to convert image pixel values from 0 to 255 to 0 to 1 since our model has a MobileNet backbone. After doing so we resize our image to 244 by 244 pixels using nearest neighbor interpolation though our model works quite well on other dimensions too. After doing so we use the TensorFlow JS APIs and the loaded model to get predictions on plant images. \n   \n Hosting the web app we built was made quite easy for us using Azure Static Web Apps. This allowed us to easily set up a CI/ CD Pipeline and Staging slots with GitHub Actions (Azure’s Static Web App Deploy action) to deploy the app to Azure. With Azure Static Web Apps, static assets are separated from a traditional web server and are instead served from points geographically distributed around the world right out of the box for us. This distribution makes serving files much faster as files are physically closer to end users. \n Future Ideas \n We are always looking for new ideas and addressing bug reports from the community. Our project is completely open-sourced and we are very excited if you have feedback, feature requests, or bug reports apart from the ones we mention here. Please consider contributing to this project by creating an issue or a Pull Request on our GitHub repo! \n   \n One of the top ideas we are currently working on is transforming our web app into a progressive web app to allow us to take advantage of features supported by modern browsers like service workers and web app manifests. We are working on this to allow us to support: \n \n Offline mode \n Improve performance, using service workers \n Platform-specific features, which would allow us to send push notifications and use location data to better help crop growers \n Considerably less bandwidth usage \n \n We are also quite interested in pairing this with existing on-field cameras to make it more useful for crop growers. We are exploring adding accounts and keeping a track of images the users have run on the model. Currently, we do not store any info about the images uploaded. It would be quite useful to track images added by farmers and store information about disease statistics in a designated piece of land on which we could model our suggestions to treat the diseases. \n   \n Thank you for reading! \n If you find our project useful and want to support us; consider giving a star ⭐ on the project’s GitHub repo. \n   \n Many thanks to Ali Mustufa Shaikh and Jen Looper for helping me to make this better. 🙂 \n   \n Citations \n [1] Alexandratos, Nikos, and Jelle Bruinsma. “World Agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision.” AgEcon Search, 11 June 2012, doi:10.22004/ag.econ.288998. \n [2] Hughes, David P., and Marcel Salathe. “An Open Access Repository of Images on Plant Health to Enable the Development of Mobile Disease Diagnostics.” ArXiv:1511.08060 [Cs], Apr. 2016. arXiv.org, http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.08060. \n [3] Howard, Andrew G., et al. “MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications.” ArXiv:1704.04861 [Cs], Apr. 2017. arXiv.org, http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04861. \n [4] Russakovsky, Olga, et al. “ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge.” ArXiv:1409.0575 [Cs], Jan. 2015. arXiv.org, http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0575. 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