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Visual Guide: To Sustainable Software Engineering","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2130034"},"id":"message:2130034","revisionNum":3,"uid":2130034,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:282974"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n \n \n \n \n \n Are you new to green computing? Do you want to learn more about sustainable software engineering? This visual guide can help you explore the principles of sustainable software engineering and learn more about the sustainability goals at Microsoft! See: https://aka.ms/visual-greentech \n \n \n ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":15716},"postTime":"2021-02-14T17:00:00.080-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-04-12T14:00:12.728-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" This is a condensed form of the article originally published on the Visual Azure site. It's part of an effort to explain technology concepts using visual vocabularies, including sketchnotes! \n \n Background \n Recently, I came across the Microsoft 2020 Environment Sustainability Report and had a chance to check out this review of the progress made towards the sustainability goals that had been laid out in the Jan 2020 announcement from Microsoft leadership. I had already decided I wanted to spend more time this year in understanding environmental issues and sustainability solutions in both tech and community contexts. And I needed to start by understanding basic concepts and terminology. Thankfully, my colleagues from the Green Advocacy team in Developer Relations had recently released a Microsoft Learn Module covering the Principles of Sustainable Software Engineering. So I did what I always do when I want to learn something and retain that knowledge in meaningful ways for later recall -- I sketch-noted it! The Big Picture As a visual learner, I've found that capturing information in one sheet helps me grasp \"the big picture\" and make connections to other ideas that I learn about in context. So here's the sketch-note of the module. You can download a high-resolution version at the Cloud Skills: Sketchnotes site, and read a longer post about what I learned on my Visual Azure blog. \n \n Key Takeaways \n The module describes the 2 core philosophies and 8 core principles of sustainable software engineering. Let's start with the core philosophies: \n \n \n Everyone has a part to play in the climate solution \n \n Sustainability is enough, all by itself, to justify our work \n \n How I think about this: \n \n Butterfly Effects. Even the smallest individual action can have substantial collective impact. In that context, educating ourselves on the challenges and principles is critical so that we can apply them, in whatever small ways we can, to any work we do in the technology or community context. \n Duty to Protect. We have just this one planet. So even though sustainability may have other side-effects that are beneficial or profitable, our main reason for doing this is the core tenet of sustainability itself. We do it because we must, and all other reasons are secondary. \n \n As for the 8 principles, this is what I took away from my reading: \n \n Carbon. Short for \"carbon dioxide equivalent\", carbon is a measure by which we evaluate the contribution of various activities to greenhouse gas emissions that speed up global warming. \n Electricity. Is a proxy for carbon. Our power grid contains a mix of both fossil fuels (coal, gas) and renewables (wind, solar, hydroelectric) where the latter emit zero carbon but have a less predictable supply. \n Embodied Carbon. Is the carbon footprint associated with creation and disposal of hardware. Think of embodied carbon as the fixed carbon cost for hardware, amortized over its lifetime. Hardware is viewed as a proxy for carbon. \n Carbon Intensity. Is the proportion of good vs. bad energy sources in our energy grid. Because renewable energy supply varies with time and region (e.g., when/where is the sun shining), carbon intensity of workloads can also vary. \n Energy Proportionality. Is a measure of power consumed vs. the utilization (rate of useful work done). Idle computers consume power with no (work) value. Energy efficiency improves with utilization as electricity is converted to real work. \n Demand Shaping. Given the varying carbon intensity with time, demand shaping optimizes the current workload size to match the existing energy supply - minimizing the curtailing of renewables and reliance on marginal power sources. \n Network Efficiency. Is about data transmission and the related hardware and electricity costs incurred in that context. Minimizing data size and number of hops (distance travelled) in our cloud solutions is key to reducing carbon footprint. \n Optimization. Is about understanding that there are many factors that will contribute to carbon footprints - and many ways to \"estimate\" or measure that. Picking metrics we can understand, track, and correct for, becomes critical. \n \n This is a high-level view of those principles each of which is described in detail in its own unit. I highly encourage you check the course out after reviewing the sketch-note. \n \n \n Sustainability Pernille-Eskebo \n Why does this matter to us as technologists? I found the Sustainability site to be a good source for educating myself on how these challenges are tackled at scale, in industry. Microsoft has set three objectives for 2030: \n \n Be carbon negative: Extract more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, than we contribute. \n Be water positive: Replenish more water from the environment, than we consume. \n Be zero waste: Reduce as much waste as we create, emphasizing repurposing and recycling materials. \n \n A fourth goal is to be biodiverse and use technology to protect and preserve ecosystems that are currently in decline or under threat. And this is where technology initiatives like the Planetary Computer come in, helping researchers collect, aggregate, analyze, and act upon, environmental data at scale to craft and deliver machine learning models for intelligent decision-making. \n The bottom line is that we all have a role to play, and educating ourselves on the terms and technologies involved, is key. I hope you'll take a few minutes now to review the sketchnote and complete the Principles of Sustainable Software Engineering on your own. It's time to be butterflies and drive collective impact with our individual actions! 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one: A review of the Microsoft 2020 Environmental Sustainability Report \"A Year of Action\"","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2115986"},"id":"message:2115986","revisionNum":10,"uid":2115986,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:896663"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" A review of the new 2020 Microsoft Environmental Sustainability Report, \"A Year of Action.\" Part One is a high level overview for those who want the CliffsNotes. \n \n \n \n \n \n ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":17118},"postTime":"2021-02-05T14:42:11.403-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-07-13T14:11:01.542-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" On January 28, 2021 Microsoft released its first Environmental Sustainability Report “A Year of Action” documenting progress the company made since announcing its 2020 commitments to become a carbon negative, water positive, zero waste company that protects more land than it uses by 2030. Read more on those commitments in my previous blog post “2020 The Year of Sustainability.” \n \n At 96 pages, one could spend weeks digesting the report and the companion blog posts published by Chief Environmental Officer Lucas Joppa and President Brad Smith. Lucky for you, I read all of them and have distilled the report down to three short blog posts . This first post will focus on overall impressions, highlights, and key takeaways – think of it as the CliffsNotes version. Part Two will cover the carbon negative commitment, and Part Three will close out with a deeper look at water positive, zero waste, and ecosystems, including the mysterious Planetary Computer. \n \n First impressions \n \n \n \n \"A Year of Action\" is beautiful, rich, and frankly, dense. Each page is a wealth of information, conveyed through brightly colored infographics, text, data visualizations, and hyperlinks that take the reader across the web to learn more about sustainability. The sheer volume of information says a lot about the progress Microsoft has made in year one and just as importantly, its commitment to transparency. Brad Smith addresses this in the forward: \n \n \"In Microsoft’s first annual sustainability report, we look back at how and why we made our commitments, details about them, progress to date, and key lessons we have learned. We intend to not only share our successes, but also share our challenges.\" \n \n And there are plenty of challenges here. Beneath the flashy appearance and abundance of data lies a simple and unavoidable truth: what Microsoft is attempting to do is unprecedented and damn near impossible, not just for a single company, but for human civilization. This report is a microcosm of what we must do as a global society to successfully avoid the worst-case scenarios of a climate disaster. I work at Microsoft, I work in sustainability, I know many of the people who put this report together and still, I was awestruck by the depth and complexity of what the team attempted to do in year one, and just as importantly, what they'll have to do by 2030. \n \n Highlights and progress to date \n The bulk of the report focuses on progress made in each of the company’s four environmental focus areas: carbon, water, waste, and ecosystems. Let’s start with the big picture: \n \n \n All up, Microsoft invested $129M across funds and organizations innovating in carbon reduction, water management, and circular economy (a system in which economic activity is decoupled from the consumption of scarce resources; waste is designed out, and there is an emphasis on repair, disassembly, and reuse.) \n The biggest barrier to more progress isn’t something Microsoft can directly control. Universally accepted methodologies and standards for measuring and reporting on sustainability data don't exist yet. In some cases, Microsoft is leading the charge to create them. From what risk means, to carbon accounting standards, and the digitization of waste and water data, Microsoft spent its first year operating in uncharted territory as it tried to measure and report on its own progress in this space. Until we are all speaking the same language and using the same standards of measurement, progress will be incremental and fragmented. \n \n Here’s a list of the accomplishments so far. If you want to know more, be sure to check back in on part two and three of this series, where I’ll go deeper on these focus areas! \n \n \n A company is carbon negative when it removes more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than it emits each year (note, the term \"carbon\" is used as shorthand to refer to all kinds of greenhouse gases). Microsoft will achieve this through a combination of reduction and removal, making deep reductions first and foremost, then using removal only for the residual footprint. \n \n \n Reduced emissions by 6% from 11.6M metric tons to 10.9M metric tons \n Removed 1M metric tons of carbon from the atmosphere (commonly referred to as carbon sequestration) via Request for Proposal (RFP) \n Delivered first tool to provide CO2 transparency for Azure via the Microsoft Sustainability Calculator \n Became a founding member of the Transform to Net Zero coalition alongside other large corporates like Mercedes-Benz AG, Starbucks, Unilever and Wipro \n Required that suppliers must report their GHG emissions through the updated Supplier Code of Conduct. As a result, top suppliers reduced their collective footprint by 21M metric tons \n Secured a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Sol Systems worth 500 megawatts to advance clean energy and environmental justice \n Extended internal carbon fee emissions to include Scope 3 (indirect emissions from Microsoft's supply and value chain) \n \n \n \n A company is water positive when it puts more water back into the environment than it consumes. Microsoft will accomplish this through a combination of reduction and replenishment. \n \n \n Funded 20 water replenishment projects \n Invested $10M in the Emerald Technology Ventures Global Water Impact Fund to support innovative technologies for water conservation, access and quality \n Increased replenishment project portfolio by nearly 700% from fiscal year 2019 \n Launched water accessibility work to provide 1.5M people access to safe drinking water and sanitation \n Co-founded the Water Resilience Coalition in partnership with the United Nations Global Compact CEO Water Mandate \n \n \n \n Zero waste is a set of principles focused on waste prevention that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles to reduce or eliminate waste generation. The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills, incinerators or the ocean. In practice, 100% waste diversion or elimination is simply not achievable so the goal is 90% diversion from landfill to achieve TRUE Zero Waste certification. \n \n \n Diverted 60K metric tons of waste from landfills \n Achieved Zero Waste Certification of datacenters in Dublin, Ireland and Boydton, Virginia \n Piloted Circular Centers, which set the company on a path to increase reuse of servers in datacenters by 90% by 2025 \n Invested $30M in Closed Loop Partners' funds to help build a circular economy \n 100% recyclable Surface devices (in applicable countries) by 2030 \n Engaged 10.5K employees in Ecochallenges to reduce personal waste footprints \n Will eliminate single-use plastics in all Microsoft primary product packaging and all IT asset packaging in datacenters (100% of all cloud packaging will be reusable, recyclable or compostable by 2025) \n \n \n \n Nature, and the benefits that it provides, are the foundation of our society, cultures and the global economy. We depend on well-functioning ecosystems for clean air, water, food, medicine, energy and resources. Simply put, there is no human civilization if we continue to destroy the complex web of life that supports us. \n \n \n Begun the process of protecting more land than we use by 2025 (which is 11K acres or 44.5K square meters) \n 10 petabytes of environmental data now available for free on Azure to the conservation community (a laptop hard drive is typically around 512GB now, so 10PB is around 20,000 typical laptops of data) \n 700+ grantees in the AI for Earth program from over 100 countries \n Began developing a Planetary Computer to better monitor, model and manage the world's ecosystems \n \n Key takeaways \n Each of the above bullet points represents an enormous amount of work and an audacious desire to push the envelope on what role the private sector, and a tech company, can play in completely transforming the global economy. After all, governments make the rules society operates within, and governments around the world have utterly failed in their response to the climate crisis. Even a company as large and powerful as Microsoft has limited influence, but this report proves that the company is willing to see just how far that influence can go. \n \n \"Microsoft can't solve the world's environmental challenges alone, but we can play a significant role in driving a broader societal transformation if we use our positions of influence and our technologies to effectively bring others along with us on our sustainability journey.\" - Brad Smith \n \n Further, “A Year in Action” provides a behind the scenes look at Microsoft's strategy to become the leading technology provider of sustainable solutions. In the process, it hopes to create a wave of sustainable change across the entire economy. My favorite sections were the “Key Learnings” at the end of each focus area where we get a glimpse of what went well, and more importantly, what didn’t. The humble approach and willingness to share this information is critical to ensuring others avoid the pitfalls Microsoft stumbled through in year one. This open, collaborative approach increases the chances that we will make the broad societal changes required for a livable future. Over the next nine years, we will get an answer to the big question – will it be enough? Lucas Joppa sums up the challenge and consequences of failure as succinctly as anyone: \n \n “We have a limited amount of time to accomplish what will be the most significant behavioral and technological societal transformation in modern human history. By 2030, society must be well on its way to mitigating and adapting to rapidly changing climates, ensuring resilient water supplies, reducing the amount of waste we generate, and reversing the ongoing and catastrophic degradation of ecosystems while halting the extinction of species. That is why this must be a decade of ambition and action.\" \n \n \n Learn more about the carbon negative commitment in Part Two \n Explore the water positive, zero waste, and ecosystems commitment in Part Three \n \n Comments, questions, and conversation welcome below! \n \n -Drew \n \n About the author: Drew Wilkinson is a climate activist, community organizer, and co-founder of \n Microsoft’s 10,000 member employee sustainability community. He works for Planet Earth but provides \n consulting services on the people side of sustainability: employee engagement, culture and change \n management, community building, green skilling, and leadership development. Learn more on his \n website or add him on LinkedIn. \n \n \n \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"10700","kudosSumWeight":15,"repliesCount":8,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTI1MjgxNWkyM0JFMzhDOUU1RkY3ODA1?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTI1MjgyMWk1RTA0RkExQjZDQUYwMjRG?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTI1MjgxOGk5RTdFNDNGNUE3QjRGN0Uw?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTI1MjgyOGk5OUVBQThBNjUwQThDMjIw?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTI1MjgyOWkxQTA1RkUxOTdEMkVFMjlB?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDY","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTI1MjgzMGkyM0U3OEFDODk1RTFDRUZE?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDc","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTI1MjgzMWkxRDA4Nzk5MTdERDkyMUM2?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDg","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMTE1OTg2LTQ4ODgzNGk5MzlEOERGOTUwRDc1RUIy?revision=10\"}"}}],"totalCount":8,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:3538611":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:3538611","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":3538611},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2022-11-30T04:35:52.538-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:183371":{"__typename":"User","uid":183371,"login":"Matthew Sekol","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0xODMzNzEtMzU2MzQxaThDQTIzQjVGRDY3MUNEMEU"},"id":"user:183371"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5N2lBRUJFRjI0Qzc4MjJGMjdF?revision=1\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5N2lBRUJFRjI0Qzc4MjJGMjdF?revision=1","title":"pexels-photo-117843.jpeg","associationType":"TEASER","width":740,"height":400,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5OWkwQUREMTFDNjVBNTNGQTdB?revision=1\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5OWkwQUREMTFDNjVBNTNGQTdB?revision=1","title":"greeningofit.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1478,"height":673,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:3538611":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"The Greening of IT","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:3538611"},"id":"message:3538611","revisionNum":1,"uid":3538611,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:183371"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":13954},"postTime":"2022-06-23T08:00:00.043-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-06-23T08:00:00.043-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" There is change brewing in the air, quite literally. For the first time in human history, the Keeling Curve, which measures atmospheric carbon dioxide, reached 420 parts per million (ppm). This unfortunate news, combined with the undeniable increase in severe weather events and ongoing IPCC warnings, has led to a metaphorical change in the air. As a result, many stakeholders, from front-line workers to knowledge workers to the board and customers, are discussing sustainability. \n One of the critical tenants of lowering your company's carbon impact is operational reductions. This means that every business unit must investigate its contributions to the company's overall operational reduction of carbon, identify climate risks, and the impact of the business on the environment. In the age where 'every company is a software company,' the stakes couldn't be higher for an IT organization working to modernize and digitize the business. \n Running a technology stack means using energy. As a result, technology could create an outsized carbon impact when renewable energy is unavailable due to its energy intensity nature. When it comes to IT's opportunity to lower carbon reductions, the story includes much more than renewable energy and will involve both IT and business stakeholders. \n There is a trend emerging around greening IT operations, or Green IT. This trend weaves in and out of Digital Transformation and should be a familiar journey to IT Professionals. However, before jumping in, it's essential to recognize that the journey is never as linear as Point A to Point B. Your company might go along this path in several ways, in parallel. \n The path looks like the Digital Transformation journey, but along the way, there are opportunities for IT to impact sustainability. Check out the green dots on the diagram below and let’s dive in! \n \n \n Table Stakes: Migrating to the Cloud \n There are several benefits to moving to the cloud: costs, the scale, the geographic reach, but did you know that sustainability is one of the reasons? The cloud has two main benefits regarding sustainability: carbon reductions and energy efficiency. \n In 2018, Microsoft published a study called The carbon benefits of cloud computing. Per the study, \n The results show that the Microsoft Cloud is between 22 and 93 percent more energy efficient than traditional enterprise datacenters, depending on the specific comparison being made. When taking into account our renewable energy purchases, the Microsoft Cloud is between 72 and 98 percent more carbon efficient. \n You might think that Microsoft's renewable energy purchases account for these savings. That is part of it, but there are three more reasons cited in the study: IT operational efficiency, IT equipment efficiency, and Datacenter infrastructure efficiency. The efficiencies of a hyper-scale cloud, like Azure, lower the inefficiencies of on-premises carbon and energy-intensive workloads. \n I often talk with companies that miss how much Scope 3 goes into datacenter operations, including equipment manufacturing, procurement, and disposition. To learn more about how we think about this, check out our other study, A new approach for Scope 3 emissions transparency. \n In other words, the starting point for IT's sustainability journey could be the simple act of a cloud migration. Once migrated, a company can view its Azure-related emissions with the Carbon Emissions Impact Dashboard. \n \n Taking advantage of cloud infrastructure: Modernization and Refactoring \n Most of my career was spent in IT, supporting traditional 3-tier applications: a front-end client, an application in the middle, and a back-end database. After migrating these workloads to the cloud, this classic infrastructure-heavy design can hinder scale, growth, manageability, and impact sustainability. \n The cloud allows IT to take advantage of its efficiency to run efficient platforms. For example, running a whole operating system and infrastructure for a SQL server is more carbon-intensive than running SQL PaaS, or running a container/logic job is more efficient than a dedicated or shared server. \n Map out your application architectures and consider how to modernize your infrastructure with newly available cloud technologies. This refactoring of applications can have other benefits, too, like allowing for a faster development cycle and application resiliency. \n For more ideas, check out these more infrastructure-focused reads over on the Sustainable Software blog: \n :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:How Azure.com uses Serverless Functions for Consumption-based utilization and reduced always-on electric footprint \n :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:Tuning Servers for Energy Savings \n :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:Adopting Azure serverless architectures to help reduce CO2 emissions – Part 1 \n :leaf_fluttering_in_wind:Adopting Azure serverless architectures to help reduce CO2 emissions - Part 2 \n \n Running a well-governed environment with operational efficiency \n I remember running a wildly inefficient ERP system on-premises a few years ago. There were several environments for the 3-tier application and supporting functions across Sandbox, Dev, QA, Support, Production, and Disaster Recovery. While much of it was virtualized, workloads were often left online and in various states of development, requiring constant ongoing management. \n Here, creating new governance models based on the Well-Architected Framework can help drive secure and cost-efficient implementations but drive sustainability as well! \n Once your company has a well-governed IT environment, layering on operational excellence is key, which becomes more manageable with DevOps. The DevOps concepts to Plan, Develop, and Deliver environments bring resiliency to your deployments, but Operations can drive sustainability improvements. Intelligent management of cloud workloads drives efficiency so that you only operate what you need to when you need to. So when you hear people proclaim that DevOps saves them time and money, sustainability is one of the benefits, too! \n For example, monitoring usage and scripting shutdowns during resource inactivity saves an administrator management time and eliminates that resource's compute energy, lowering the carbon footprint. \n \n Developing with sustainability in mind: Sustainable Software Development \n Besides the infrastructure and operational efficiency, the cloud allows developers to contribute to improving sustainability. Code and applications should run efficiently as possible. \n Developers should start with the principles of Sustainable Software Engineering to understand how to design code against common environmental principles. This fundamental understanding will help developers make better design decisions. Once developed, the software can be checked against standards, like the Green Software Foundation's Software Carbon Intensity (SCI). Per the documentation: \n The Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) Specification defines a methodology for calculating the rate of carbon emissions for a software system. The purpose is to help users and developers make informed choices about which tools, approaches, architectures, and services they use in the future. \n This work doesn't only extend to developers but also to practitioners of Data and AI. There is much written on this topic by Microsoft Research, including this new study on measuring the carbon intensity of AI in cloud instances. \n \n Bringing it all together \n As your company and its business units start tackling sustainability and carbon emissions, they will inevitably come knocking on IT's door, mainly because 'every company is a software company.' Technology is fundamental for the business and needs to be examined for its impact. \n Whether you are an IT Manager considering a move to the cloud, an IT engineer looking to refactor and optimize application architectures, an Infrastructure engineer building technology governance processes, a developer creating applications, or even a one-person IT shop, YOU can impact sustainability. \n Bring together your IT team and business unit stakeholders to discuss the journey. Build on the research and resources throughout this article to help inform your approach. Then, carefully consider each area where you can gain efficiency. At best, this helps meet your company's sustainability goals and lowers your impact. At worst, you come away with more efficiency and resilience in your technology stack. \n Gather your stakeholders and get planning! ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"8704","kudosSumWeight":3,"repliesCount":1,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5N2lBRUJFRjI0Qzc4MjJGMjdF?revision=1\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNTM4NjExLTM4MjY5OWkwQUREMTFDNjVBNTNGQTdB?revision=1\"}"}}],"totalCount":2,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:3666896":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:3666896","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":3666896},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2022-11-02T08:00:00.044-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:1566224":{"__typename":"User","uid":1566224,"login":"Yassine_El_Ghali","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0xNTY2MjI0LTQxNjQ2M2kwMUJENUQzNDhDMjI2MzhF"},"id":"user:1566224"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNjY2ODk2LTQxNjQ2NWkyQjM1QkU2NUFDQ0Q0MzdD?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNjY2ODk2LTQxNjQ2NWkyQjM1QkU2NUFDQ0Q0MzdD?revision=5","title":"Yassine_El_Ghali_0-1667266796077.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1920,"height":1080,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:3666896":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"Announcing sustainability guidance for Azure Kubernetes Service","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:3666896"},"id":"message:3666896","revisionNum":5,"uid":3666896,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:1566224"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Learn more about sustainability guidance for Azure Kubernetes Service to help you design efficient workloads for greener IT. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":8442},"postTime":"2022-11-02T08:00:00.044-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-11-02T08:00:00.044-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" On October 24 we released new technical guidance to help customers and partners achieve their sustainability goals using Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) – guidance to help you improve efficiency of your AKS workloads and create new business value while reducing your operational footprint. \n \n Sustainability guidance for AKS \n As part of Microsoft’s ongoing commitment to promote sustainable development and low-carbon business practices globally, we’ve released sustainability guidance within the Azure Well-Architected Framework (WAF) designed to help you optimize your Azure workloads for greener IT. \n In alignment with this WAF guidance, our new sustainability guidance for AKS is focused on Azure Kubernetes Services you're building or operating on Azure and includes design and configuration checklists, recommended design, and configuration options. \n This sustainability guidance set is part of a broader initiative to help customers navigate the steep learning curve around how to meet and plan for evolving sustainability \n \n What’s in sustainability guidance for AKS? \n The guidance currently provides a set of Kubernetes green software patterns, that are applicable to AKS cluster and workloads, and cover their development lifecycle, from design, to configuration, to operations. \n In the next phases, we are looking to provide a self-guided sustainability assessment, as well as a reference architecture and implementation of those patterns, to help you better implement and operate a sustainable AKS solution. \n \n Who benefits from this guidance? \n The main audience for the AKS sustainability guidance is architects, lead developers, and platform operators. Understanding how and where you can reduce the carbon emissions and energy use of AKS workloads is key to meeting and planning for rapidly evolving sustainability requirements. In addition, this content can provide a foundation for broader enterprise adoption of sustainable design principles. \n Alignment with the Green Software Foundation \n The Green Software Foundation defines the concepts of green principles, patterns, and practices. The principles of green software outline a core set of competencies needed to define, run and build green software. \n A green software pattern is a specific example of how to apply one or more principles in a real-world example. Whereas principles describe the theory that underpins green software, patterns are the practical advice software practitioners can use in their software applications today. Patterns are vendor-neutral. \n A green software practice is a pattern applied to a specific vendor's product and informs practitioners about how to use that product in a more sustainable way. \n Designed in close collaboration with customers and colleagues at the Green Software Foundation (GSF), AKS sustainability guidance is designed as a green software practice, built on vendor-neutral patterns, that are shared by the green software community. \n \n Fig 1. Principles, Patterns, and Practices of the Green Software Foundation. \n \n In the words of contributor Farouk Friha: \n \n “Although sustainability is essential for our customers, it is not clear to them where and how to start. Helping them face this challenge on Azure with innovative tools and clear guidance aligned with the principles of the Green Software Foundation is one of our priorities. \n As we continue to help our customers on this journey, creating guidance tailored to the specifics of Azure Kubernetes Service has become obvious for me given its popularity. I am delighted to have collaborated on this initiative to help our customers have a meaningful impact on the carbon pollution of their applications.” \n \n How should I get started? \n \n Review the guidance: https://aka.ms/aks/sustainability \n Share your questions and feedback, we’d love to hear from you. \n \n \n About the Authors \n Yassine El Ghali is a Cloud Solution Architect and a Sustainability Product Manager, working with the Microsoft green software community, the Green Software Foundation and the Cloud Native Foundation, to build sustainable cloud native services. \n Farouk Friha is a Sr. Cloud Solution Architect and additionally a Technical Program Manager driving Sustainability from Customer Success Unit (representing WW Cloud Solution Architects). \n \n \n \n \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"4494","kudosSumWeight":2,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0zNjY2ODk2LTQxNjQ2NWkyQjM1QkU2NUFDQ0Q0MzdD?revision=5\"}"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:2866923":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:2866923","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":2866923},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2021-12-17T07:31:45.003-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:1149320":{"__typename":"User","uid":1149320,"login":"WillBuchanan","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0xMTQ5MzIwLTQ3MzAwNWk4Q0Q3QkVGQUVDRTVFOENE"},"id":"user:1149320"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM2M2k2MzVCMzYyMDQxODdGRjMw?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM2M2k2MzVCMzYyMDQxODdGRjMw?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.19.29 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2450,"height":630,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MGk4M0U3MkM4QzU1NDU2RThD?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MGk4M0U3MkM4QzU1NDU2RThD?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.19.11 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2028,"height":1120,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MWkxMjM3ODNFNEYwOTg3NThD?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4MWkxMjM3ODNFNEYwOTg3NThD?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.19.47 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2180,"height":1054,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4Mmk4OUE4QUQyNDJBMzQ1M0M2?revision=16\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yODY2OTIzLTMxOTM4Mmk4OUE4QUQyNDJBMzQ1M0M2?revision=16","title":"Screen Shot 2021-10-22 at 3.23.16 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1636,"height":1162,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:2866923":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"Charting the path towards sustainable AI with Azure Machine Learning resource metrics","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2866923"},"id":"message:2866923","revisionNum":16,"uid":2866923,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:1149320"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Today, we are announcing a new set of resource metrics available in Azure Machine Learning to help customers understand the computational and energetic costs of their AI workloads across the machine learning lifecycle. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":17975},"postTime":"2021-10-22T14:12:07.765-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-10-22T14:12:07.765-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Today, we are announcing a new set of resource metrics available in Azure Machine Learning to help customers understand the computational and energetic costs of their AI workloads across the machine learning lifecycle. \n \n \n \n Azure Machine Learning is a platform that empowers data scientists and developers through a wide range of productive experiences to build, train, and deploy machine learning. AI involves building models by ‘training’ on datasets and deriving predictions (‘inferences’) by running these models on new data points. Using energy-efficient machine learning tactics helps data scientists utilize their cloud computational resources more effectively and save costs. When developing models, there is a point where the marginal cost starts increasing exponentially faster than model performance. \n \n Currently, data scientists simply do not have easy or reliable access to tools that allow them to consider the costs (including energy consumption and computational cost) of a model alongside performance related metrics such as performance, accuracy, and throughput. To address this, there is a rapidly emergent field called ‘Green AI’ that emphasizes energy efficiency and cost savings across the Machine Learning lifecycle. \n \n “It is past time for researchers to prioritize energy efficiency and cost to reduce negative environmental impact and inequitable access to resources.” \n –Timnit Gebru, Former Google Ethics Lead Researcher, coauthor of Stochastic Parrots \n \n Deep learning often requires specialized hardware and can consume large amounts of energy if not used efficiently. GPUs provide significant acceleration and performance gains but are power-hungry (often consuming 250W-350W). Microsoft is pioneering advanced technologies such as liquid cooling and underwater datacenters to make their hardware more efficient, but it is imperative to also create software-based solutions to reduce energy consumption. To drive infrastructure efficiency and help with management and monitoring of GPU devices, these new resource metrics leverage \n \n “Progress in machine learning is measured in part through the constant improvement of performance metrics such as accuracy or latency. Energy efficiency metrics, while being an equally important target, have not received the same degree of attention. Exposing this information at scale for both training and inference in Azure ML is an exciting first step towards the development of energy-efficient models and algorithms.” \n - Nicolo Fusi, MSR Senior Principal Researcher \n \n Sustainable development and application of machine learning must account for hidden costs such as energetic, computational, and eventually environmental. The first step in Green AI is to provide a cost measurement baseline to customers, which includes energetic and computational costs. Next, a portfolio of Green AI tactics will help mitigate these costs across the Machine Learning lifecycle. Azure Machine Learning is driving this forward with ongoing partnerships with the Allen Institute for AI and the Green Software Foundation. \n \n \"The vital first step toward more equitable and green AI is the clear and transparent reporting of electricity consumption, carbon emissions, and cost. You can't improve what you can't measure.\" \n - Jesse Dodge, Allen Institute for AI, coauthor of Green AI. \n \n Initially, this transparency is provided through new cost metrics that customers can use to understand the computational cost and energy spent to train and run machine learning models across the full machine learning lifecycle. These capabilities include surfacing new resource metrics like GPU energy, memory, utilization, and computational cost (core-seconds as a proxy for monetary cost) for Azure Machine Learning compute. \n \n Internally, many Microsoft business groups like MS Office and MS Research are already leveraging these tools, and they are now available for all customers: \"M365 is leveraging these new capabilities to help record, report, and reduce CO2 emissions. We are working with Azure Machine Learning to outline a framework for carbon-aware machine learning\" -Kieran McDonald, partner group engineering manager, MSAI \n \n Resource Metrics in Azure Machine Learning Studio \n To view the GPU energy cost of training workloads on Azure Machine Learning compute, customers can now use Azure Machine Learning Studio to find their most energetically expensive ML workloads. \n \n In the new Azure Machine Learning Studio monitoring tab, customers can view resource metrics and detailed energy consumption information, such as CPU/GPU utilization, GPU memory usage, and total GPU energy usage. The visualization capabilities provide a time-series energy profile for each node. \n \n Viewing Cost Logs in the new ‘jobCost’ field \n As a proxy for monetary cost, the new jobCost field is available in the Azure Machine Learning Studio logs. This jobCost field provides a breakdown of charged costs per job, to account for node utilization and core-seconds, and memory for a given SKU: \n \n “jobCost”: {“chargedCpuCoreSeconds:0”, “chargedCpuMemoryMegabyteSeconds:0”, “chargedGpuSeconds:0”, “chargedNodeUtilizationSeconds:0”} \n \n \n View Energy Metrics In Azure Monitor \n GPU Energy metrics for both training and inference (Managed Endpoints) are visible in Azure Monitor. To access this, select the scope of your subscription, define a resource group, select your workspace, and select the metric “GpuEnergyJoules” with a “sum” aggregation. This information can also be downloaded as an excel file for further analysis, or accessed via the Azure Monitor REST API. \n \n Azure Machine Learning continues to work in this space through its partnerships with AI2 and the GSF and will continue to provide transparency around ML workloads. By prioritizing energy efficiency, data practitioners can promote sustainable development of AI. \n \n Learn more: \n \n Try Azure Machine Learning today - use the free $200 trial: Azure Machine Learning - ML as a Service | Microsoft Azure and Train and Deploy Machine Learning Models | Microsoft Azure \n See what the Allen Institute for AI has to say about GreenAI here \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 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AI: Student Ambassador Green-A-Thon activity report","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2348875"},"id":"message:2348875","revisionNum":10,"uid":2348875,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:752828"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Plant AI: A Microsoft Student Ambassador Group Project in the Green Tech League. This project uses Machine Learning to identify diseases in crop plants all in the browser. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":10977},"postTime":"2021-06-01T09:00:00.055-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-06-01T09:00:00.055-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n \n Hello developers 👋! In this article, we introduce our project “Plant AI :shamrock:” and walk you through our motivation behind building this project, how it could be helpful to the community, the process of building this project, and finally our future plans with this project. \n \n Plant AI :shamrock: is a web application 🌐 that helps to easily diagnose diseases in plants from plant images using Machine Learning available on the web. We provide an interface on the website where you can upload images of your plant leaves. Since we focus on plant leaf diseases we can detect the plant's diseases by seeing an image of the leaves. We also provide users easy ways to treat the diagnosed disease. \n \n As of now, our model supports 38 categories of healthy and unhealthy plant images across species and diseases. See the complete list of supported diseases and species can be found here. If you are want to test out Plant AI, you can use one of these images. \n \n Guess, what? This project is also completely open-sourced⭐, here is the GitHub repo for this project: https://github.com/Rishit-dagli/Greenathon-Plant-AI \n \n The motivation behind building this \n Human society needs to increase food production an estimated 70% by 2050 to feed an expected population size that is predicted to be over 9 billion people [1]. Currently, infectious diseases reduce the potential yield by an average of 40% with many farmers in the developing world experiencing yield losses as high as 100%. \n \n The widespread distribution of smartphones among farmers around the world offers the potential of turning smartphones into a valuable tool for diverse communities growing food. \n \n Our motivation with Plant AI is to aid crop growers by turning their smartphones into a diagnosis tool that could substantially increase crop yield and reduce crop failure. We also aim to make this rather easy for crop growers so the tool can be used on a daily basis. \n \n How does this work? \n As we highlighted in the previous section, our main target audience with this project is crop growers. We intend for them to use this on a daily basis to diagnose disease from their plant images. \n \n Our application relies on the Machine Learning Model we built to identify plant diseases from images. We first built this Machine Learning model using TensorFlow and Azure Machine Learning to keep track, orchestrate, and perform our experiments in a well-defined manner. A subset of our experiments used to build the current model have also been open-sourced and can be found on the project’s GitHub repo. \n \n We were quite interested in running this Machine Learning model on mobile devices and smartphones to further amplify its use. Using TensorFlow JS to optimize our model allows it to work on the web for devices that are less compute-intensive. \n \n We also optimized this model to work on embedded devices with TensorFlow Lite further expanding the usability of this project and also providing a hosted model API built using TensorFlow Serving and hosted with Azure Container Registry and Azure Container Instances. \n \n We talk about the Machine Learning aspect and our experiments in greater detail in the upcoming sections. \n \n \n \n To allow plant growers to easily use this Plant AI, we provide a fully functional web app built with React and hosted on Azure Static Web Apps. This web app allows farmers to use the Machine Learning model and identify diseases from plant images all on the web. You can try out this web app at https://www.plant-ai.tech/ and upload a plant image to our model. In case you want to test out the web app we also provide real-life plant images you can use. \n \n We expect most of the traffic and usage of Plant AI from mobile devices, consequently, the Machine Learning model we run through the web app is optimized to run on the client-side. \n \n This also enables us to have blazing fast performance with our ML model. We use this model on the client-side with TensorFlow JS APIs which also allows us to boost performance with a WebGL backend. \n \n Building the Machine Learning Model \n Building the Machine Learning Model is a core part of our project. Consequently, we spent quite some time experimenting and building the Machine Learning Model. We had to build a machine learning model that offers acceptable performance and is not too heavy since we want to run the model on low-end devices \n \n Training the model \n We trained our model on the Plant Village dataset [2] on about 87,000 (+ augmented images) healthy and unhealthy leaf images. These images were classified into 38 categories based on species and diseases. Here are a couple of images the model was trained on: \n \n \n We experimented with quite a few architectures and even tried building our own architectures from scratch using Azure Machine Learning to keep track, orchestrate, and perform our experiments in a well-defined manner. \n \n It turned out that transfer learning on top of MobileNet [3] was indeed quite promising for our use case. The model we built gave us the acceptable performance and was close to 12 megabytes in size, not a heavy one. Consequently, we built a model on top of MobileNet using initial weights from MobileNet trained on ImageNet [4]. \n \n We also made a subset of our experiments used to train the final model for public use through this project’s GitHub repository. \n \n Running the model on a browser \n We applied TensorFlow JS (TFLS) to perform Machine Learning on the client-side on the browser. First, we converted our model to the TFJS format with the TensorFlow JS converter, which allowed us to easily convert our TensorFlow SavedModel to TFJS format. The TensorFlow JS Converter also optimized the model for the web by sharding the weights into 4MB files so that they can be cached by browsers. It also attempts to simplify the model graph itself using Grappler such that the model outputs remain the same. Graph simplifications often include folding together adjacent operations, eliminating common subgraphs, etc. \n \n After the conversion, our TFJS format model has the following files, which are loaded on the web app: \n \n model.json (the dataflow graph and weight manifest) \n group1-shard\\*of\\* (collection of binary weight files) \n \n Once our TFJS model was ready, we wanted to run the TFJS model on browsers. To do so we again made use of the TensorFlow JS Converter that includes an API for loading and executing the model in the browser with TensorFlow JS 🚀. We were excited to run our model on the client-side since the ability to run deep networks on personal mobile devices improves user experience, offering anytime, anywhere access, with additional benefits for security, privacy, and energy consumption. \n Designing the web app \n One of our major aims while building Plant AI was to make high-quality disease detection accessible to most crop growers. Thus, we decided to build Plant AI in the form of a web app to make it easily accessible and usable by crop growers. \n \n As mentioned earlier, the design and UX of our project are focused on ease of use and simplicity. The basic frontend of Plant AI contains just a minimal landing page and two other subpages. All pages were designed using custom reusable components, improving the overall performance of the web app and helping to keep the design consistent across the web app. \n Building and hosting the web app \n Once the UI/UX wireframe was ready and a frontend structure was available for further development, we worked to transform the Static React Application into a Dynamic web app. The idea was to provide an easy and quick navigation experience throughout the web app. For this, we linked the different parts of the website in such a manner that all of them were accessible right from the home page. \n \n \n Once we can access the models we load them using TFJS converter model loading APIs by making individual HTTP(S) requests for loading the model.json file (the dataflow graph and weight manifest) and the sharded weight file in the mentioned order. This approach allows all of these files to be cached by the browser (and perhaps by additional caching servers on the internet) because the model.json and the weight shards are each smaller than the typical cache file size limit. Thus a model is likely to load more quickly on subsequent occasions. \n \n We first normalize our images that is to convert image pixel values from 0 to 255 to 0 to 1 since our model has a MobileNet backbone. After doing so we resize our image to 244 by 244 pixels using nearest neighbor interpolation though our model works quite well on other dimensions too. After doing so we use the TensorFlow JS APIs and the loaded model to get predictions on plant images. \n \n Hosting the web app we built was made quite easy for us using Azure Static Web Apps. This allowed us to easily set up a CI/ CD Pipeline and Staging slots with GitHub Actions (Azure’s Static Web App Deploy action) to deploy the app to Azure. With Azure Static Web Apps, static assets are separated from a traditional web server and are instead served from points geographically distributed around the world right out of the box for us. This distribution makes serving files much faster as files are physically closer to end users. \n Future Ideas \n We are always looking for new ideas and addressing bug reports from the community. Our project is completely open-sourced and we are very excited if you have feedback, feature requests, or bug reports apart from the ones we mention here. Please consider contributing to this project by creating an issue or a Pull Request on our GitHub repo! \n \n One of the top ideas we are currently working on is transforming our web app into a progressive web app to allow us to take advantage of features supported by modern browsers like service workers and web app manifests. We are working on this to allow us to support: \n \n Offline mode \n Improve performance, using service workers \n Platform-specific features, which would allow us to send push notifications and use location data to better help crop growers \n Considerably less bandwidth usage \n \n We are also quite interested in pairing this with existing on-field cameras to make it more useful for crop growers. We are exploring adding accounts and keeping a track of images the users have run on the model. Currently, we do not store any info about the images uploaded. It would be quite useful to track images added by farmers and store information about disease statistics in a designated piece of land on which we could model our suggestions to treat the diseases. \n \n Thank you for reading! \n If you find our project useful and want to support us; consider giving a star ⭐ on the project’s GitHub repo. \n \n Many thanks to Ali Mustufa Shaikh and Jen Looper for helping me to make this better. 🙂 \n \n Citations \n [1] Alexandratos, Nikos, and Jelle Bruinsma. “World Agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision.” AgEcon Search, 11 June 2012, doi:10.22004/ag.econ.288998. \n [2] Hughes, David P., and Marcel Salathe. “An Open Access Repository of Images on Plant Health to Enable the Development of Mobile Disease Diagnostics.” ArXiv:1511.08060 [Cs], Apr. 2016. arXiv.org, http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.08060. \n [3] Howard, Andrew G., et al. “MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications.” ArXiv:1704.04861 [Cs], Apr. 2017. arXiv.org, http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04861. \n [4] Russakovsky, Olga, et al. “ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge.” ArXiv:1409.0575 [Cs], Jan. 2015. arXiv.org, http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0575. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"11893","kudosSumWeight":2,"repliesCount":3,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzQ4ODc1LTI4Mjg0N2k5RkI5Mzg2QjdBMjRGQjEw?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzQ4ODc1LTI4MDI4M2k2REFFREQ3NDdEQ0M4MjIw?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzQ4ODc1LTI4MDI4NGlFRjEyODBBRjcyNTk3MTdG?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzQ4ODc1LTI4MDI4Nmk4RUYzN0I2ODYxMDMyMjkx?revision=10\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzQ4ODc1LTI4MDI5MmkzM0I2NkRBQ0NGNTMzRTRG?revision=10\"}"}}],"totalCount":5,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:2326878":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:2326878","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":2326878},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2021-05-05T09:11:08.083-07:00","solved":false},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3MWlCQTA2NUIyOEFEREE3OTA1?revision=3\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3MWlCQTA2NUIyOEFEREE3OTA1?revision=3","title":"sustainability-city-med.png","associationType":"TEASER","width":1000,"height":566,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3MmkwRjQ2MjFBNDk5Q0VEQ0RB?revision=3\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3MmkwRjQ2MjFBNDk5Q0VEQ0RB?revision=3","title":"dev.to.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1000,"height":420,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3M2k1RDlFRjBDODk1QzhFRTMx?revision=3\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3M2k1RDlFRjBDODk1QzhFRTMx?revision=3","title":"sustainability-city-med.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1000,"height":566,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:2326878":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"A Visual Guide to #SustainabilityCity: Let's Talk Minecraft!","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2326878"},"id":"message:2326878","revisionNum":3,"uid":2326878,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:282974"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Join me for a visual guide to explore the Sustainability City world in Minecraft and find resources to help you explore this with your kids or communities. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":7106},"postTime":"2021-05-05T09:00:48.784-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-05-05T09:11:08.083-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n \n A Visual Guide To #Sustainability City \n Welcome to the second in my series of visual guides focused on the topic of Sustainability and Green Tech. The first one focused on a Visual Guide To Sustainable Software Engineering, visualizing the core philosophies and eight principles of sustainable software engineering, as defined by this fantastic Microsoft Learn Module. Putting Philosophy Into Practice In fact, it was that first philosophy (\"Everyone has a part to play in the climate solution\") that inspired me to work with the Microsoft Green Cloud Advocacy team on the #VisualGreenTech challenge for EarthDay and co-host a special Earth Day themed episode of #HelloWorld featuring Green Tech experts from Microsoft. The challenge itself featured 24 prompts, three of which explored Sustainability interactively using Minecraft Education Edition resources for Earth Day. The first of these prompts focused on Sustainability City - a Minecraft world where you can take green buses around a bustling city, visiting various facilities to learn about sustainable practices targeting water treatment, food production, sustainable forestry, green buildings, energy-efficient homes, and the power grid. This community-created video does a great job of navigating the world in under eight minutes. \n It was there that my personal journey into putting that philosophy to practice began! \n \n Using Minecraft To Motivate Sustainability Education \n Minecraft is an amazing resource for educating K-12 students on sustainability in actionable ways. The Minecraft Education Edition provides downloadable words that students can navigate and it has detailed lesson plans with activities and discussion guides to help students go from awareness to engagement, and action. In my case, I took advantage of our Microsoft employee access to the Minecraft Edu Edition to begin a sustainability city journey with my 12-year-old. We took every bus, talked to every character, and had interesting follow-up conversations like: where does our water come from? how can we be more sustainable at home during the pandemic? and my favorite: should we create our own vegetable garden so we know where our food comes from? If you are a parent, I strongly advocate for doing this exploration with kids and using the visual guide below to have a conversation once you leave the world. If you are an educator with access to this edition of Minecraft, I hope you find this visual guide a good resource for classroom conversations or continued awareness of what they learned, once they have completed that lesson. Visual Guide & Navigation Here is the visual guide to Sustainability City. You can find a hi-res downloadable version of this visual guide here - warning: this is a large file (13MB) so make sure you have the data/bandwidth to download it. See this tweet for a behind-the-scenes time-lapse replay of how it was created. \n The visual guide has six sections, each mapping to one of the regions of Sustainability City. Start from the top left and work your way clockwise to the last one. Here is what you'll learn. Start with Food Production to explore sustainable farming practices including water reclamation and composting. Next, travel to the Water Outflow Reclamation Facility to learn how water from sewers and drains is \"cleaned\" and used for irrigation or returned to source (water positive) - the removed biosolids become fodder for composting. Then, explore sustainable practices in the construction of large buildings (make them self-sustaining in energy needs) and explore sustainable forestry practices required to support our lumber needs. Finally, we look at energy-efficient housing and explore the power grid in some detail. As we know, electricity is a proxy for carbon, and understanding the various ways we generate, transport, and use, energy is critical to sustainability education. I hope you found the guide useful. Making visual guides takes time but is infinitely rewarding. Have comments or feedback? Do leave them below. \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"4152","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3MWlCQTA2NUIyOEFEREE3OTA1?revision=3\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3MmkwRjQ2MjFBNDk5Q0VEQ0RB?revision=3\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMzI2ODc4LTI3ODQ3M2k1RDlFRjBDODk1QzhFRTMx?revision=3\"}"}}],"totalCount":3,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:2254539":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:2254539","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":2254539},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2021-04-14T07:15:52.574-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:231147":{"__typename":"User","uid":231147,"login":"Paola Annis","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS0yMzExNDctMzg5ODA3aUZFNkJCNjcwRjFCRjc3NkI"},"id":"user:231147"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyM2lDRjEwNkNFQTQzQkQxODEx?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyM2lDRjEwNkNFQTQzQkQxODEx?revision=9","title":"greenerchoice (1).jpg","associationType":"TEASER","width":800,"height":491,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyOGk2RkI1QTIyRkNBMUI3ODM4?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyOGk2RkI1QTIyRkNBMUI3ODM4?revision=9","title":"pexels-canva-studio-3194519.jpg","associationType":"BODY","width":2640,"height":3960,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyOWk4NTEwQ0VFMEU3QUEzMjAx?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyOWk4NTEwQ0VFMEU3QUEzMjAx?revision=9","title":"pexels-ready-made-3850512.jpg","associationType":"BODY","width":6000,"height":4000,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYzMWlBQkE4Q0Y4NTY1OUY4OTgx?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYzMWlBQkE4Q0Y4NTY1OUY4OTgx?revision=9","title":"greenerchoice (1).jpg","associationType":"BODY","width":800,"height":491,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:2254539":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"A Journey to Green Labelling","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2254539"},"id":"message:2254539","revisionNum":9,"uid":2254539,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:231147"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n \n Labelling all devices with their energy consumption rating will help users in their purchase journey and customer experience. \n \n ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":6764},"postTime":"2021-04-06T07:57:00.109-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-04-06T08:49:29.606-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Before joining Microsoft and falling in love with the technology and platform and possibilities that the Azure public cloud provides, I was (and for a 2-digit number of years, gosh) an expert in the contact center and telco market: the technology that companies use to provide customer service on their products. Lately, my focus has been mostly on the customer experience, as the power clearly shifted over the years from the technology and technologists to the end-users and how their perception of experience was contributing to the success (or failure) of a company. \n \n \n As a part of my customer experience work, I researched how to apply the idea of a Net Promoter Score. I was really drawn to the technique of using a single question to define if something was going to succeed or fail. But the more I saw companies using NPS, the more I realized this approach omitted an entire important set of choices a company can make: green choices. \n \n While a customer is navigating your virtual space, such as a website, mobile app or even your physical store, there is nothing that communicates a green option for the product or the technology that is used to bring that product to the end user. \n \n When I think about my e-commerce experiences, which started back in the year 2000, the closest example to a green option was the energy consumption label on some appliances. I searched the web and found the EU energy consumption labels only apply to the following categories: appliances (dishwashers, refrigerators, etc.), air conditioners, light bulbs, cars, televisions, houses, and tires. When buying a large appliance, this label helped me, as a consumer, to pick the one that was more energy efficient. While choosing an appliance that consumes less energy could be framed as a \"greener\" choice, in most cases, it's framed more like a \"cost savings\" choice. \n \n The point is we need to start doing something at all levels, and little changes can lead to a great impact if we concentrate our efforts in the same direction. Consumers make many small choices every day on the products they buy. In many cases, they have little or no knowledge about the carbon impact those choices have. \n \n \n But what if the end-user could be more knowledgeable about the carbon impact of their purchases? Thinking of my own experiences as a user, I’d like to see in the foreseeable future something like: \n \n An energy consumption label (with street-light color code and A to F rating) on computers and devices. \n How recyclable a device is. \n Sustainable software, knowing that the software used in the device was created with sustainability paths and best practices and will allow the user choices on energy consumption. \n Active and real-time information from the energy suppliers about the carbon impact of the consumed energy in my house. A device might be labeled as low carbon impact, but knowing from the energy supplier when is the greenest moment (i.e. the time of day when energy is produced with alternative sources) to charge my device is something that needs to be done at user level and is highly dependent on the location. \n \n Omitting carbon impact information from a product undervalues a customer’s desire to reduce their carbon footprint through their purchasing choices. Adding this labeling opens up a lot of potential for both consumers and companies to make more sustainable choices. For companies, this could even mean leveraging “green loyalty”, which is a marketing technique that can help people feel more active in their consumers’ choices on sustainability. \n \n Today, a customer has the ability to make some green choices, such as conserving water, recycling, using reusable items and shopping bags, etc. Adding labeling around carbon impact would give customers significantly more choice. Despite the upfront challenges in providing this information, carbon impact labeling would allow products with a lower carbon impact to differentiate themselves. This could produce better products as well as a reduction in carbon emissions, and an overall education of technology users to search for the greener option. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"4185","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":1,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyM2lDRjEwNkNFQTQzQkQxODEx?revision=9\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyOGk2RkI1QTIyRkNBMUI3ODM4?revision=9\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYyOWk4NTEwQ0VFMEU3QUEzMjAx?revision=9\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMXwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU0NTM5LTI2OTYzMWlBQkE4Q0Y4NTY1OUY4OTgx?revision=9\"}"}}],"totalCount":4,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:2257548":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:2257548","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":2257548},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2021-04-06T15:46:55.576-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:685674":{"__typename":"User","uid":685674,"login":"rae_lyon","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/dS02ODU2NzQtMjM3NTg3aUREMzA1RTYxRkU2NDI0MTQ"},"id":"user:685674"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYxMmlFQUE5OUY0NzAzQjI1QTA3?revision=10\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYxMmlFQUE5OUY0NzAzQjI1QTA3?revision=10","title":"Screen Shot 2021-04-06 at 3.00.37 PM.png","associationType":"TEASER","width":824,"height":316,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYxNGlFNjBFNDdCRDJGRkVDMTA3?revision=10\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYxNGlFNjBFNDdCRDJGRkVDMTA3?revision=10","title":"Screen Shot 2021-04-06 at 3.00.37 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":824,"height":316,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYxOWkwNTE1RjFBRURCMkNDRDI1?revision=10\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYxOWkwNTE1RjFBRURCMkNDRDI1?revision=10","title":"rae_lyon_0-1617743081570.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1600,"height":755,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYyMGlFMDRCRTdDOTA2ODQ2NzJC?revision=10\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS0yMjU3NTQ4LTI3MDYyMGlFMDRCRTdDOTA2ODQ2NzJC?revision=10","title":"Screen Shot 2021-04-06 at 3.00.37 PM.png","associationType":"BODY","width":824,"height":316,"altText":null},"BlogTopicMessage:message:2257548":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"#VisualGreenTech Challenge - EarthDay 2021","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:2257548"},"id":"message:2257548","revisionNum":10,"uid":2257548,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:GreenTechBlog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:685674"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Sustainability is an area of significant importance to Microsoft ! For #EarthDay, we wanted to do something to help create awareness and empower actionable learning around relevant topics for technologists. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":13562},"postTime":"2021-04-06T15:46:55.576-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-04-06T15:46:55.576-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n About #EarthDay \n Did you know that April 22 is Earth Day? In 2020, over 100 million people worldwide celebrated the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, driving awareness and actionable learning around environmental issues with activities focused on education, conservation, citizen science, cleanup and more. In 2021, the #EarthDay theme is Restore Our Earth with a focus on five topics: \n \n The Canopy Project - a conservation and restoration effort to plant trees and rehabilitate areas in need of reforestation. \n Foodprints For the Future - an effort focused on fighting climate change with diet change. \n The Great Global Cleanup - an effort focused on reducing our waste footprints by working to clean up our environment. \n Climate and Environmental Literacy - combining grassroots community efforts with national initiatives and civic engagement. \n Global Earth Challenge - a citizen science initiative to engage millions of people in collecting and understanding environmental data. \n \n Sustainability is an area of significant importance to Microsoft and we wanted to do something to help create awareness and empower actionable learning around relevant topics for technologists. \n Awareness: #GreenTech Advocacy \n In a January 2020 announcement, Microsoft laid out ambitious company-level goals for sustainability including: being carbon negative by 2030, removing historical carbon emissions by 2050, and establishing a $1B climate innovation fund to invest in research in context. One year later, the Environmental Sustainability Report (read the three-part blog coverage) reviewed progress, focusing on four pillars: \n \n Be carbon negative – remove more carbon dioxide than we emit each year. \n Be water positive – put more water back into the environment than we consume. \n Be zero waste -- encourage redesign of resource lifecycles to eliminate or reduce waste. \n Support healthy ecosystems – collect and analyze data to understand ecosystems, stop decline. \n \n This is progress at organization scale. But you might be asking yourself -- \"how can I educate myself on the issues and contribute to, or advocate for, sustainable living and engineering practices in my community and workplace?\" We're glad you asked! Here are a few resources to get you started on your learning journey: \n \n GreenTech blog - read articles on best practices and insights from experts and practitioners. \n Principles of Sustainable Software Engineering - learn key concepts in this 30-minute module \n Visual Guide to Sustainable Software Engineering - summarized in 1 image, for visual learners. \n EcoChallenge.org - build better habits by taking actions with impact (see: Microsoft challenge) \n Celebrate Earth Day with Minecraft - empower student actions with Minecraft worlds & lessons \n \n Awareness is great but actionable learning is better! So we came up with a fun challenge for April, just in time for #EarthDay! Action: #VisualGreenTech Challenge \n \n Here is how this works: \n \n What we do: Share a learning prompt (pinned daily under @nitya) with a resource link to help you explore that topic. \n What you do: Check out the resource and respond to the prompt using a visual (sketchnote or doodle) with insights. \n Share the visual on Twitter and tag it #EarthDay #VisualGreenTech \n We'll collate all submissions and feature them in a segment on the #HelloWorldLive show on EarthDay (Apr 22) \n \n Submit responses to as many prompts as you like, as many times as you want to. The goal is to create awareness around those topics and share our own learnings and perspectives in context. Want a sneak peek at the prompts in advance? check out the gallery here. \n But wait. There's one more thing! \n \n Share a Sketch. Plant A Tree! \n Along with featuring all submitted visual Earth Day images, we will also work with Ecosia to plant 1,000 trees in honor of all #VisualGreenTech challenge participants to help tackle climate change. Yes, that's right! Let's give back to the earth and learn more about sustainability in the process. \n \n Have questions? Leave us a comment on this post! And let’s make a difference to this planet. 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Join us for the fun! ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":7436},"postTime":"2021-03-18T10:10:00.026-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-03-18T10:22:37.547-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n \n Meet the judges behind Hack the Climate for a sustainable world! The organizing team has pulled together an incredible lineup of experienced professionals to support the hackathon, March 22-26, 2021. Get to know them by reading their profiles and responses to two key questions we all may want to ask ourselves: \n \n In which ways do you see technology tackling climate challenges? \n What kind of solutions do you hope to see in the hackathon? \n \n Jamie Alexander \n \n Jamie Alexander is the founding director of Project Drawdown’s Drawdown Labs – a consortium of private sector partners working to go beyond ‘net zero’ to scale climate solutions in the world, within and outside their own operations. Jamie joined the Project Drawdown team from Ceres, where she led corporate engagement, working with companies to set ambitious emission reduction targets, and leveraging their influence in support of strong climate and clean energy policies. \n Please see Jamie’s recent article on corporate climate leadership in Fast Company and a new video series on climate solutions that Project Drawdown launched just this week! \n Jamie responded to our two questions about her motivations. \n In which ways do you see technology tackling climate challenges? \n Technology is essential in helping to improve and scale the climate solutions that we already have in hand. Technology can help address food waste by tracking excess food and redistributing surplus. It can help reduce building heating and cooling costs through automation. And mapping, satellites, and open source data can help monitor and address deforestation. And many, many more. We already have most of the technologies and practices we need to address climate change, but with improved technologies they can be scaled much faster and more effectively. \n \n What kind of solutions do you hope to see in the hackathon? \n I hope to see solutions in the food, agriculture, and land use sector since it's the sector of solutions that can have the biggest impact on reducing heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere. But we need them all! \n \n Hampus Jakobsson \n \n Hampus Jakobsson is a climate venture capitalist. Prior to being an investor, he built and scaled software startups. He started out as a computer scientist and is an avid reader and blogger. \n Hampus will bring his years of experience as a climate researcher to his role as a judge for Hack the Climate. He currently lends his expertise as General Partner at Pale Blue Dot, a European Climate Tech Venture Capitalist investing in pre-seed and seed stage startups focused on building scalable companies that help to reduce or reverse climate change and prepare for a new world. \n We asked Hampus a few questions to better understand his motivations. \n \n In which ways do you see technology tackling climate challenges? \n \n I think technology has previously been seen as a negative contributor or even the cause of the climate crisis, which I think is very incorrect. Extreme consumption (and therefore production) without factoring in costs and inefficient methods are the causes of the crisis. Technology is an amazing way of metering and gathering information to be able to understand the production, consumption, and even the crisis itself - and then on top of that technology can make processes a thousandfold more efficient. If we can move food production to use less land and reduce processing pollution, if we can produce, transport, and store energy without fossil fuel, and if we can plan and construct cities in a minimal impact way, we can remove most of the causes of the climate crisis. \n \n What kind of solutions do you hope to see in the Hack the Climate hackathon? \n \n Data gathering of the causes - How can we understand the world's flows of production and consumption? Replicating the Electricity Map technology for more climate impact sources. \n Overview of the research - Can we get a comprehensive view of all the climate research and events out there so science can work better together? Like a GitHub for climate research. \n Coordination of protests and movements - How can different climate movements coordinate, plan, and discuss issues? Such as from End Coal to Telegram, and local as well as global. \n Impact of savings - Is there a way to figure out how your mortgage, pension savings, and other financial products impact the planet? \n \n \n Sanjay Podder \n \n \n Sanjay is the Global lead for Technology Sustainability Innovation at Accenture and drives thought leadership and innovation in this area. He is also responsible for establishing and managing our ecosystem strategy for Sustainability, for developing our Technology Capabilities offerings and capabilities, and for embedding sustainability best practices in technology delivery. \n \n As an innovator, Sanjay has been very passionate about bringing digital technologies to develop innovative solutions to achieve sustainable development goals, and decarbonizing digital technologies is his current area of innovation. He has over 25 patents in Software Engineering including AI. Sanjay believes big challenges such as Climate Change and building Trust in communities needs the collaboration of diverse stakeholders and he has worked extensively with non-profit organizations, academia, big business, start-ups and government to address issues such as biodiversity protection, financial inclusion, disability inclusion, gender equality, education, preventive healthcare and others. He also believes that now, more than ever, organizations need to prioritize sustainability to continue to be successful and profitable. \n \n Sanjay was recognized as an Eisenhower Fellow in 2017 for his leadership in building a just and peaceful world using technology. He is also a passionate wildlife photographer and nature enthusiast with several of his pictures in Lonely Planet. Sanjay is a computer engineer and an MBA graduate and alumnus of Mumbai University and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Sanjay Podder | LinkedIn \n \n Sanjay provided in-depth responses to our questions about his motivations for working in the tech sustainability space. \n In which ways do you see technology tackling climate challenges? \n Technology has a key role to play in achieving sustainability goals and addressing the climate challenges that we are facing today. One of the most widespread and impactful areas is migrating to cloud. Cloud is a fast-growing trend for businesses and is fundamental to digital transformation. A green approach to cloud migration can also be a key step for businesses in reducing their energy requirements and carbon emissions. So how can ‘Green Cloud’ help to reduce carbon emissions? \n \n Public cloud spending rose by 17% between 2019-2020.1 And by some analysts’ estimates, 11.4% of US IT spend is on cloud. China is at 2.7% but catching up rapidly.(1) \n This double-digit growth comes with a cost, however. Global data-center electricity consumption is huge. It’s the same as Spain’s total annual consumption. The carbon implications are clear.(2,3) \n With a green approach, however, our analysis suggests migrations to public cloud could reduce global carbon (CO2) emissions by 59 million tons a year. That’s a 5.9% reduction in total emissions from IT – the same as taking 22 million cars off the road. \n This level of reduction in CO2 emissions would go a long way toward meeting climate change commitments, particularly for data-intensive businesses. \n \n Technology has a much wider role to play beyond cloud too. It can help to extract carbon from the atmosphere and underpin energy transition to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydrogen, and nuclear - a key focus area for reducing GHG emissions. \n \n Another area where technology can play a key role is reducing emissions in heavy industrial companies. \n \n Accenture analysis reveals European industrial firms are investing in new areas. Chemical companies are spending heavily on 3D printing, biofuels, hydrogen, and battery technology; energy companies are more focused on platform ecosystems, cloud technologies, and renewable energy; and mining, metals, and building materials companies are concentrating larger investments in energy distribution and chemicals, such as hydrogen. \n Agriculture is another area that configured significantly to reduce GHG emissions such as methane. The use of AI, IoT, and other technologies can also significantly reduce the use of fertilizers and feeds leading to a further lowering of GHG emissions. \n A recent Accenture study shows Vehicular transmission could be reduced by 75% using circular economy concepts. Circular cars initiatives will use technology to: \n Achieve net-zero carbon emissions across the whole vehicle lifecycle (e.g., low-carbon materials and assembly, integration with energy grid.). \n Enable resource recovery and close material loops (e.g., end-of-life disassembly and reverse logistics, electric vehicle battery recycling). \n Increase the lifetime of the vehicle and its components (e.g., subscription-based ownership, re-use, and remanufacturing at scale). \n Ensure efficient vehicle use over time and occupancy (e.g., vehicle/mobility on demand). \n \n What kind of solutions do you hope to see in the hackathon? \n I am looking forward to Technology innovations in carbon capture. And carbon reduction in different industrial sectors from digital and data centers, heavy industries, agriculture, transportation, and others. \n \n (1)Seeking Alpha, “China’s burgeoning cloud computing market is a tremendous opportunity”, May 12, 2020 \n (2)Eric Masanet, Arman Shehabi, Nuoa Lei, Sarah Smith, Jonathan Koomey, “Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates”, Science Vol: 367, Issue 6481, February 28, 2020 \n (3)IEA, Data and Statistics, “CO2 emissions from electricity generation factors, Spain 2000-2017”, accessed July 2020 \n \n Bryony Worthington \n \n \n Baroness Bryony Worthington is a Crossbench member of the House of Lords, having spent a career working on conservation, energy, and climate change issues. She is the founder of Ember, is a key architect of the UK’s Climate Change Act. \n \n Prior to her appointment as a Peer in 2011, Baroness Worthington worked at Friends of the Earth on their ‘Big Ask’ campaign, which successfully lobbied for the introduction of new climate change laws. She also worked for Scottish and Southern Energy advising on sustainability. While there she was seconded to Government to work on climate communications and the design of the 2008 Climate Change Act. In 2008, she launched Sandbag, a data-focused NGO that morphed into Ember, which is an independent climate and energy think tank focused on accelerating the global electricity transition from coal to clean. \n \n During the coalition years of 2011 and 2015, Baroness Worthington served as Shadow Spokesperson for Energy and Climate Change and led on two Energy Bills for the Shadow Ministerial Team. \n From 2016 to 2019 she was the Executive Director of Environmental Defense Fund Europe. Her current roles include co-chairing the cross-party caucus Peers for the Planet and devising grant-making strategies for the Quadrature Climate Foundation where she works as Co-Director with Cressida Pollock. \n \n We asked Baroness Worthington a few questions to better understand her motivations for being a judge for Hack the Climate. \n In which ways do you see technology tackling climate challenges? \n Information technology has a huge role to play in tackling climate change, which we view in three main ways: \n \n Use of big data, Machine Learning, and other technological approaches to optimize systems, such as country or city transport systems, grid operations or factory processes \n Observing and predicting what is happening to the planet and why \n The one that is often neglected - the new marketing and communication tools that are enabled through social media platforms and other digital communications tools that can help build movements and nudge people's behaviors and beliefs. \n \n Ultimately, to respond with the necessary urgency requires a combination of political interventions and real-world actions to replace the activities that pollute with clean alternatives. The effective use of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning and Information & Communications Technology can help speed that process. \n What kind of solutions do you hope to see in the hackathon? \n I'm interested in anything that can drive a real-world outcome. The challenge is to find sensitive intervention points where action can have an outsize effect. We need to focus on ideas that can scale. A good lever is needed, meaning a robust tool that applies force in a unique way. This could mean new ways of scanning, interpreting, and presenting the vast amount of information we now have at our fingertips to highlight problems and solutions or ways to aggregate concerns or ideas and direct them towards decision-makers at the right time to influence their decisions. Ideas that help people see that there are multiple benefits to tackling the fossil fuel and big agriculture economy that are causing the problem are also very interesting as they can drive change at a personal level and create political pressure if well executed. Ideas that help connect money to real-world projects are also good, but they must be able to scale, for example, a reinvented Kiva for climate. \n Join us for Hack the Climate! \n Sherrylist jawache 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