NDES and the dreaded 2 & 10 Event ids stating “The parameter is incorrect"
Hey Guys Rob here again, today I am going to go over a set of typical Network Device Enrollment Service Event ID’s that you will inevitably encounter if you are maintaining an environment with NDES installed. These two events always seem to run together and can be seen in the Application Event log. Log Name: Application Source: Microsoft-Windows-NetworkDeviceEnrollmentService Date: DATE_TIME Event ID: 2 Level: Error User: NDES_APPLICATION_POOL_IDENTITY Computer: NDES_SERVER_COMPUTER_NAME Description: The Network Device Enrollment Service cannot be started (0x80070057). The parameter is incorrect. Log Name: Application Source: Microsoft-Windows-NetworkDeviceEnrollmentService Date: DATE_TIME Event ID: 10 Level: Error User: NDES_APPLICATION_POOL_IDENTITY Computer: NDES_SERVER_COMPUTER_NAME Description: The Network Device Enrollment Service cannot retrieve one of its required certificates (0x80070057). The parameter is incorrect. As you can see, although it is nice to see errors about a service or application, it does you no good if there is not enough information available to make something actionable about the event. Hopefully, this is where this blog will be helpful to all of you. The above errors happen for one of three common reasons. Access to the Private Keys for one or both Registration Authority (RA) certificates is not possible by the application pool identity account running the SCEP (Simple Certificate Enrolment Protocol) application pool. One or both RA certificates were NOT issued by the Certification Authority for which NDES is configured to forward Certificate Service Requests (CSR). The RA certificates are failing revocation checks. This means that either its certificates or one of the CA (certification authorities) certificates in the chain are failing revocation checks for some reason. If you try and access either the /CertSrv/MSCEP/MSCEP.dll or /CertSrv/MSCEP_Admin endpoints on the NDES Server you will also see an HTTP 500 error as well. Missing Private Key permissions Below are the steps for the first scenario to validate / add the application pool identity account. Private key Permissions: First, make sure you gave the Application Pool Identity account permission to the private keys on the newly issued certificates. Run: CertLM.msc Expand: Certificates - Local Computer\Personal\Certificates Click on the new certificate, and then right click on it, and select "All Tasks" Click on "Manage Private Keys" You should see the Permissions dialog box. Click the Add button, and type in the account running the SCEP Application Pool. Click the OK button. This account only requires "Allow" "Read" permissions. Once the permissions have been configured, click the OK button. Do this for all certificates that were recently renewed / issued. Open an elevated command prompt and type: IISReset Then, test accessing the website. If you are unsure what account is being used for the SCEP application pool, you can find this out by doing the following: Run: InetMgr.exe Navigate to: SERVERNAME\Application Pools Find the application pool named SCEP, and then look at the Identity column. NOTE: If the NDES role was configured with a non-domain service account and it is leveraging the Application PoolIdentity, please understand the ApplicatonPoolIdentity, and NetworkService are not the computer account. You will need to add NetworkService to the private key permissions for these two accounts. These accounts have very restricted rights on the system itself. Registration Authority certificates issued by wrong CA. The second scenario can only happen in a situation where you have more than one Certification Authority in the environment, where you have renewed the Registration Authority certificates, and one or both certificates were NOT issued by the Certification Authority that NDES is sending the certificate service requests to. The first thing we need to determine is what CA issued the two NDES certificates. Run: CertLM.msc Expand: Certificates - Local Computer\Personal\Certificates Look at the Issued By column for the current RA certificate. This will tell us the CA that issued the certificates. To find out the CA NDES is configured to use run: Regedit.exe Navigate to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\MSCEP\CAInfo The registry value named Configuration shows you the CA computer \ CA Name that NDES is using. Validate that this is the CA that issued both RA certificates. If not, delete the certificates not issued by this CA and enroll again. NOTE: If you are using the MMC (Microsoft Management Console) to do the enrollment, you can specify the CA to use when you are filling out the information. You would click on the Certification Authority tab and select the CA to use. After procuring the NDES certificates from the correct CA, you must perform an IISESET from an elevated command prompt. One or both RA certificates are failing chaining or revocation checks. The third scenario is a bit trickier as most customers are not familiar with CAPI2 operational logging and how to interpret the data being provided. I am going to concentrate on looking at the NDES RA certificates to determine if they are failing a revocation check. By no means is this meant to be an exhaustive guide on how to use CAPI2 to troubleshoot chaining or revocation checking failures. The first two problems usually show themselves once the NDES has been in place for one or more years, and it failed just after replacing the existing NDES certificates. So, if everything was working before replacing the RA certificates, please review the two previous scenarios before jumping to an issue with certificate chaining or revocation checking. What is certificate chaining? Certificate chaining refers to the computer being able to take an end entity certificate and follow the chain all the way up to a Root CA certificate that is in the Trusted Root store of the computer. If the certificate cannot be chained to a Root CA certificate, then the certificate would not be considered a ‘Trusted’ certificate since the computer does not trust the root CA that issued the entire certificate chain. What is revocation checking? All certificates except Root CA certificates have a field on them called CRL Distribution Points (CDP). This lists different URLs that host a file known as a Certificate Revocation List (CRL). This file lists all issued certificates that, for several reasons, the CA Manager decided should no longer be trusted, and they wanted the world to know about this fact. Just like certificates, these CRL files have a finite lifetime restricting how long they can be used. Once the CRL’s Next update value has been reached it is no longer trusted, and the computer MUST download the newest CRL at that time. If it fails to download the CRL because the URL is not reachable, or the CRL has not been updated at the URL, then it will generate a revocation check failure. When the revocation check fails, the computer can no longer trust the certificate it was trying to use. In this case, it would mean that NDES would not trust the RA certificate and thus NDES would fail to start / run. Keep in mind that in a two-tier PKI hierarchy where you have an Offline Root CA and an Online Enterprise Issuing CA that issued the RA certificates, the following checks will happen: The RA certificate is going to be looked at to find the download locations of the Online Enterprise Issuing CA’s CRL. Then, we will validate that the RA certificate has NOT been revoked by the Online Enterprise Issuing CA Manager. The Online Enterprise Issuing CA’s CRL certificate is going to be looked at to find the download locations of the Offline Root CA’s CRL. Then, we will validate that the Online Enterprise Issuing CA certificate has NOT been revoked by the Offline Root CA Manager. As you can see, this can get complicated quickly depending on how many tiers the PKI hierarchy has within the environment. Enabling logging and data collection. First, we must enable CAPI2 Operational Event logging on the NDES server in question. Run: Eventvwr.msc Navigate to: Event Viewer\Applications and Services Logs\Microsoft\Windows\CAPI2\Operational Right click on Operational log, and we are going to do two things: Increase the log file size to at least 10000. A 1 MB log file is not going to be enough, and if the server is busy 10 MBs might not be enough, but it is a start. Enable the log. Click the OK button. A few commands need to be run in an elevated command prompt. IISReset This makes IIS (Internet Information Services) reload / reset and will cause the NDES application pool to try and load the certificates again once someone hits either the /CertSrv/MSCEP/MSCEP.dll or /CertSrv/MSCEP_Admin sites. b. CertUtil -SetReg Chain\ChainCacheResyncFileTime @Now This command tells CryptoAPI (CAPI) not to rely on the Crypto cache and instead attempt to access the real locations for AIA (Authority Information Access) and CDP locations. If these fail, it still allows the Crypto cache to be used so it will NOT cause an outage. It just helps with putting more error events in the log. c. CertUtil -URLCache * Delete This command tells CryptoAPI to delete everything in its FILE cache. This will NOT delete anything in its memory cache or per process Memory cache. 6. Lastly, try and access the /CertSrv/MSCEP_Admin page. You should see a HTTP 500 error, which is fine at this time, and you should also see the NetworkDeviceEnrollment events of 2 and 10 in the application event logs. Log Name: Application Source: Microsoft-Windows-NetworkDeviceEnrollmentService Date: DATE_TIME Event ID: 2 Level: Error User: NDES_APPLICATION_POOL_IDENTITY Computer: NDES_SERVER_COMPUTER_NAME Description: The Network Device Enrollment Service cannot be started (0x80070057). The parameter is incorrect. Log Name: Application Source: Microsoft-Windows-NetworkDeviceEnrollmentService Date: DATE_TIME Event ID: 10 Level: Error User: NDES_APPLICATION_POOL_IDENTITY Computer: NDES_SERVER_COMPUTER_NAME Description: The Network Device Enrollment Service cannot retrieve one of its required certificates (0x80070057). The parameter is incorrect. 7. Once the issue is reproduced, I suggest you return to the CAPI2 Operational Event log properties and disable it. We do not want other CryptoAPI calls happening on the server to push or overwrite the data in the event log. The CAPI2 event logs could have quite a few events in them. A good event ID based filter to start with is to only show the following events: 11,30,41-42,51-53,90 To find out what events are of interest for the Registration Authority (RA) certificates, you will want to do a Find in the event logs for either the thumbprint value of the certificate or the subject name of the certificate. Example of a common RA certificate subject name is: ADATAM-WEB01-MSCEP-RA The subject name is usually defined as the NDES servers name-MSCEP-RA. Once the certificate has been renewed at least you will want to validate the current subject name is of the Exchange Enrollment Agent (Offline request), and CEP Encryption based templates that are in use. CAPI2 Events of Interest It is well to understand a little bit about the different CAPI2 events that you are going to see in the event log that are related to chaining and revocation checking: Event ID 90 X509 Objects (X509Objects) - Shows all the certificates, CRL’s and OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol) Responses it was able to collect either via the certificate stores, or via CryptoAPI cache. This is a good event to review to see if the OS (operating systems) found all certificates in the chain or not. If you do not see a required certificate, then the chaining function will not succeed. This event also shows more detail about each certificate than the other events in the log. Event ID 11 Build Chain (CertGetCertificateChain) - Shows if the certificate chains to a valid root certification authority. In addition, it does revocation checks to see if all certificates in the chain succeed or fail their revocation check. Event ID 30 Verify Chain Policy (CertVerifyChainPolicy) - First thing with this event is to determine what Policy is getting verified. There are several types of policy checks that this event will check against (See CertVerifyChainPolicy link above for the list of policy checks). Given the policy it will either show success or failure. The policy check could pass and still show as a failure if Event ID 11 fails because of a revocation check failure you will see this same failure here. Event ID 41 Verify Revocation (CertVerifyRevocation) - Shows what CAPI2 knows about the status of the CryptoAPI cache in reference to revocation information. Event ID 42 Reject Revocation Information (CertRejectedRevocationInfo) - Shows that CryptoAPI cached data is being rejected as it is either stale or needs to go off system to get the latest CRL / OCSP response from the network. Event ID 53 Retrieve Object from Network (CryptRetrieveObjectByUrlWire) - Shows the status of attempting to access a specific AIA or CDP URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). It will give you the call status too. Example of troubleshooting with CAPI2 logging enabled First filter the collected CAPI2 event log with the following: 11,30,41-42,51-53,90 Click on Find and type something unique about the certificate. Either Subject Name or thumbprint value. We can see the first instance where the subject name is found, and it is shown as an error. When looking at these events you want to have the Detail, Friendly View when reviewing the entries. 4. Now when looking at the event, we will be interested in looking at multiple events in the logs to determine what is going on. Typically, in this type of problem, you want to look at the events in the following order: 90, 11, 30, and lastly 53. 5. We can see in event 11 that this is failing a revocation check. You will want to pay attention to the TrustStatus field in the Details section. The first TrustStatus is the overall TrustStatus. This tells you about the entire chain and specifically that one of the certificates in the trust path failed revocation. Below the overall TrustStatus, it will show each individual Chain Element (each certificate in the chain) in the certificate trust path and its TrustStatus. From looking at the above, we can determine that the ADATAM-WEB01-MSCEP-RA certificate is the one that is failing the revocation check. This means we need to look at the CA that issued this certificate and validate that its CRL is reachable and valid at the URIs (Uniform Resource Identifier) in question. If the PKI hierarchy has more CA’s, you may discover that the RA certificate is valid and that the Issuing CA’s certificate failed validation. If that is the case, it would mean that there is an issue with the Root CA’s CRLs (certificate revocation lists). 6. We are not going to look at the Event 30s as there are no policy checks that would be validated in the context of NDES RA certificates being valid or not. 7. Next we would typically jump right to Event 53s to see what might be going on with accessing the CRL / OCSP URLs. First thing to look at is the URL in the event. This tells us what path it is trying to access: The next part is we can see the HTTP Request and HTTP Response from the OCSP Server. It was an error of HTTP 503. This tells us there is an issue with the OCSP Server that must be addressed to resolve the NDES problem. 8. Another example is trying to access a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) file. It was able to successfully download the CRL file as evident by the following HTTP 200 (OK): 9. But after successfully downloading the CRL file we see Event 42 error. So, we can see that it is stating that the CRL at the HTTP URL path is no longer valid. Usually, when an HTTP 500 error is seen and is related to revocation checking, it is an unreachable or expired CRL. Most of the cases I have seen where this is the issue, it is that the Root CA’s CRL that has expired, and the customer has forgotten to boot the Root CA and publish the new CRL that gets created at service start.
Cloud PKI SCEP
Hello All, I have setup steps to utilise cloud PKI to issue SCEP certificate to users so they can be used for email security (SMIME). Root and intermediary setup in cloud PKI successfully and configuration profiles for both setup and both are deployed successfully to test devices. When it comes to the SCEP profile, It has also been deployed but no success status showing yet in the report and issuing certificate not showing any leaf certificates. No errors are currently showing and report just says pending. Any Idea what is causing the delay or how to investigate? Thanks in advance.Trusted certificate profile in Intune Stuck at Pending
We need to deploy our Root CA and subordinate issuing CA Certificates to our Intune managed AAD only devices to support SCEP. We created a trusted certificate profile in Intune to provision these certs but however comma this profile is stuck at pending... How do I troubleshoot what is going on? Microsoft how have I failed you 😞 Intune supports use of the Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) to https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/protect/certificates-configure. SCEP uses the Certification Authority (CA) certificate to secure the message exchange for the Certificate Signing Request (CSR). When your infrastructure supports SCEP, you can use Intune SCEP certificate profiles (a type of device profile in Intune) to deploy the certificates to your devices. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/protect/certificates-scep-configure#certificates-and-templates To use a SCEP certificate profile, devices must trust your Trusted Root Certification Authority (CA). Use a trusted certificate profile in Intune to provision the Trusted Root CA certificate to users and devices.
macOS - SCEP user certificate is not re-enrolled when user delete it from Keychain
Hi, we are facing strange issue within Intune, when manually deleted SCEP User certificate is not re-enrolled automatically based on configuration profile. Also this configuration profile is NOT marked as non-compliant even after a week of syncs for that device. And what is the most important, SCEP configuration profile definition from point of view of macOS knows, that SCEP certificate is missing because, when you open config profile within Settings/Device Management on macOS, there is error saying "Not found in keychain". Documentation https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/protect/remove-certificates saying exactly following: Manually deleted certificates Manual deletion of a certificate is a scenario that applies across platforms and certificates provisioned by SCEP or PKCS certificate profiles. For example, a user might delete a certificate from a device, when the device remains targeted by a certificate policy. In this scenario, after the certificate is deleted, the next time the device checks in with Intune it's found to be out of compliance as it is missing the expected certificate. Intune then issues a new certificate to restore the device to compliance. No other action is needed to restore the certificate. So it means that if user delete SCEP User certificate from keychain, doesn't matter if it was intention or accident, as long as I keep SCEP Configuration profile within Intune for exact device and user, Intune must initiate re-enrolling/re-generating new certificate based on this profile. This is not happening on our macOS's laptops and only workaround I've got from MS Support is to remove device from Configuration profile and then return it back... But imagine when you have 1000 macOS laptops and 100 users (extreme example, but could happen, i.e. developers trying things) delete their certificates from Keychain. Whole action to removing devices and users from that profile is time wasting. first create special groups to include affected devices and affected users, then add that group to exclusion, wait a long for sync of all macOS's, then starting to removing those devices and users from group to return configuration profile back. Also comment from MS Support was, that they cannot escalate the case to different team, because I have selected exact time zone and only they are responsible for that time zone (what a bullshit???) and that my case is already escalated withing his team manager. But his team manager is same low-skilled incompetent as engineer got my support case. And if certificate is returned when I remove and re-add config profile, then case is finished (what another bullshit????) - but from my point of view it's not finished because it's not a fix, it's workaround and very complex, time and money wasting workaround. Note to Microsoft: Please STOP hiring ! low-skilled incompetent Indian support teams, just because they costs less then European or United States engineers!!!! You are wasting our money, our time, our patience and you want more and more money for your subscriptions and we are getting less and worst services.Intune certificate connector redundancy configuration
Hello everyone. Although I am new participating in the Community, I have been using Microsoft tools for some time and more specifically Intune. I come to the Community to ask for help to improve our system. In my organization we have been using Intune for more than a year for the distribution of certificates for authentication in the corporate wi-fi. For this we have an offline certifier and a certifier that issues certificates (2 Tier structure); and a second server where we have installed the NDES service, and that same server has the Intune certificate connector; using an Intune SCEP template we distribute the certificates to the computers. This configuration works correctly and during this time we have not detected any failures or problems in the system; but we are aware that we have a single point of failure if the Intune connector or the server that hosts the NDES service are offline the certificates will never reach the clients (another point of failure can also be the server that contains the certification authority). For this we are thinking about a redundant system and this is when our questions arise. After reading documentation and reading that the Intune connector allows to have more than one instance installed it occurs to me that the best way would be to install a second server with NDES and with another Intune connector. So far I understand that it would be to follow the procedure that we have used to implement the first server, is this correct or should I take into account some other issue? I have noticed that in the Intune SCEP template you can add more than one connection point (SCEP Server URLs) so we could add this second connector URL in that template. Would this be the correct way to proceed, or would I have to add a second certificate distribution template? We also have questions about the possibility of including a second certification authority to issue certificates, in that case, how should I proceed? The NDES service only allows to connect to one certification authority, installing a second certification authority could make each of the servers with NDES point to one of those certification authorities. In that case, how should I configure the template in Intune, should it be two different templates or could I include it in the same template? In this second configuration I also have questions about the revocation of the certificates, currently I have a public IIS server that is responsible for this function, the logic tells me that in that server should be the revocations of the two certification authorities and that the OSCP configuration should include the two certification authorities, is this right? Would there be any other issue that I should take into account when implementing this installation? Thank you very much in advance.
macOS SCEP certificate is not stored to login keychain
With macOS, Intune can distribute SCEP profiles, and we can specify certificate type as "Device" or "User". However, the certificate will be stored in the System keychain if I specify the "User" certificate type. Is it occurred in my environment? And, it is a spec? nayuta,
Android Enterprise SCEP user and device issuing errors
Hi, We are attempting to deliver Android Enterprise SCEP certificates (both user and device based) and both seem to fail. We have our environment set up for iOS SCEP and Android Device Admin SCEP certificates and they work fine. Using the same settings in the Android Enterprise profiles they fail with the error of "0 (No error code)" Does anyone know of anything that might be causing this? I reached out to the networking team to look in the logs, but they don't see any that sticks out that would cause this to fail.
Android Enterprise Wifi deployment using SCEP Cert problems
Hi all, I am trying to setup android phones to connect to the wifi through a wifi profile. We use SCEP certificates. The trusted root certificate and the SCEP certificate deploy successfully to the device via Intune. The trusted root CA automatically gets put into the User store (dont know if this is causing the issue as its not in system store). However, we cant see the deployed SCEP certificate on the phone without using an app called 'My Certificates'. This confirms that both the CA and SCEP certificate are on the device. The Wifi profile is then sent to the device and again this says successful on intune but the phone doesnt connect to the wifi. The SSID it is trying to connect to appears but it doesn't connect. Looks like it tries connecting and then fails. Nothing can be seen on the networks ISE servers so it doesnt even look like its getting that far. Then tried to add the wifi manually. WPA2 enterprise. When I select the option to select a certificate, it shows the ssid name (mustve got this from the wifi profile deployment) with '_NULL' at the end? Dont understand what this is or what it means? Tried selecting the null certificate but this doesnt connect either. Connection we want to use is EAP-TLS. We DONT use the Company portal. The android phones are fully managed corporate devices. The above method to deploy the Certs and wifi profile works fine with iOS devices but not android Any help would be greatly appreciated Thanks SA
Microsoft Intune Certificate Connector causes high CPU Usage
Hi all we have setup SCEP with our On-Prem Environment and Intune, which is working fine so far. We discovered that the the Process"Microsoft.Intune.Connectors.PkiRevoke" is eating up all CPU. We are just using SCEP and the Revoke Part from the Connector, not PKCS. Does anybody know, what could cause this issue? Many thanks for your help Best regards, Marc
