Edm Model Generation Fails
Using an Azure ASP.NET MVC API from a Maui app, I am encountering the following error in the app when attempting to access the API. A few days ago, the initalization was working properly. The cloud app has been under further development, but the base api code has not been modified, only the response from the endpoints. The latest release NuGets are in use. What elements are being sought? System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'GeneratedEdmModel' threw an exception. ---> System.InvalidOperationException: Sequence contains no elements at System.Linq.ThrowHelper.ThrowNoElementsException() at System.Linq.Enumerable.First[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source) at SentryCloud.Models.Container.GeneratedEdmModel.CreateXmlReader()
Build PowerShell as "framework-dependent"
Before I start a time expensive and maybe unsuccessful attempt: Is it relatively easily possible to compile PowerShell from the source and make it "framework-dependent" instead of "self-contained"? In doing so, PowerShell could be de-coupled from the .NET runtime (which is most probably already installed), and maybe an even newer runtime version could be used (currently, PowerShell has no .NET 10 packed and I have to wait for a release that supports it)...Fix It Before They Feel It: Higher Reliability with Proactive Mitigation
What if your infrastructure could detect performance issues and fix them automatically—before your users even notice? This blog brings that vision to life using Azure SRE Agent, an AI-powered autonomous agent that monitors, detects, and remediates production issues in real-time. 💡 The magic: Zero human intervention required. The agent handles detection, diagnosis, remediation, and reporting—all autonomously. 📺 Watch the Demo This content was presented at .NET Day 2025. Watch the full session to see Azure SRE Agent in action: 🎬 Fix it before they feel it - .NET Day 2025 🎯 What You'll See in This Demo Watch as we intentionally deploy "bad" code to production and observe how the SRE Agent: Detects the degradation — Compares live response times against learned baselines Takes autonomous action — Executes a slot swap to roll back to healthy code Communicates the incident — Posts to Teams and creates a GitHub issue Generates reports — Summarizes deployment metrics for stakeholders 🚀 Key Capabilities Capability What It Shows Proactive Baseline Learning Agent learns normal response times and stores them in a knowledge base Real-time Anomaly Detection Instant comparison of current vs. baseline metrics Autonomous Remediation Agent executes Azure CLI commands to swap slots without human approval Cross-platform Communication Automatic Teams posts and GitHub issue creation Incident Reporting End-of-day email summaries with deployment health metrics Architecture Overview The solution uses Azure SRE Agent with three specialized sub-agents working together: Components Application Layer: .NET 9 Web API running on Azure App Service Application Insights for telemetry collection Azure Monitor Alerts for incident triggers Azure SRE Agent: AvgResponseTime Sub-Agent: Captures baseline metrics every 15 minutes, stores in Knowledge Store DeploymentHealthCheck Sub-Agent: Triggered by deployment alerts, compares metrics to baseline, auto-remediates DeploymentReporter Sub-Agent: Generates daily summary emails from Teams activity External Integrations: GitHub (issue creation, semantic code search, Copilot assignment) Microsoft Teams (deployment summaries) Outlook (summary reports) What the SRE Agent Does When a deployment occurs, the SRE Agent autonomously performs the following actions: 1. Health Check (DeploymentHealthCheck Sub-Agent) When a slot swap alert fires, the agent: Queries App Insights for current response times Retrieves the baseline from the Knowledge Store Compares current performance against baseline If degradation > 20%: Executes rollback and creates GitHub issue If healthy: Posts confirmation to Teams Healthy Deployment - No Action Needed (Teams Post): The agent confirms the deployment is healthy — response time (22ms) is 80% faster than baseline (116ms). Degraded Deployment - Automatic Rollback (Teams Post): The agent detects +332% latency regression (212ms vs 116ms baseline), executes a slot swap to rollback, and creates GitHub Issue. 2. Daily Summary (DeploymentReporter Sub-Agent) Every 24 hours, the reporter agent: Reads all Teams deployment posts from the last 24 hours Aggregates deployment metrics Sends an executive summary email Daily Summary (Outlook Email): The daily report shows 9 deployments, 6 healthy, 3 rollbacks, and 3 GitHub issues created — complete with response time details and issue links. Demo Flow View Step-by-Step Instructions → Step Action Step 1 Deploy Infrastructure + Applications Step 2 Create Sub-Agents, Triggers & Schedules Step 3 Swap bad code, watch agent remediate Setting Up the Demo Prerequisites Azure subscription with Contributor access Azure CLI installed and logged in (az login) .NET 9.0 SDK PowerShell 7.0+ Step 1: Deploy Infrastructure cd scripts .\1-setup-demo.ps1 -ResourceGroupName "sre-demo-rg" -AppServiceName "sre-demo-app-12345" This script will: Prompt for Azure subscription selection Deploy Azure infrastructure (App Service, App Insights, Alerts) Build and deploy healthy code to production Build and deploy problematic code to staging Full Setup Instructions → Step 2: Configure Azure SRE Agent Navigate to Azure SRE Agents Portal Sub Agent builder tab and create three sub-agents: Sub-Agent Purpose Tools Used AvgResponseTime Captures baseline response time metrics QueryAppInsightsByAppId, UploadKnowledgeDocument DeploymentHealthCheck Detects degradation and executes remediation SearchMemory, QueryAppInsights, PostTeamsMessage, CreateGithubIssue, Az CLI commands DeploymentReporter Generates deployment summary reports GetTeamsMessages, SendOutlookEmail Creating Each Sub-Agent In the Github links below you can find gif images that capture the creation flow AvgResponseTime + Baseline Task: Detailed Instructions → DeploymentHealthCheck + Swap Alert: Detailed Instructions → DeploymentReporter + Reporter Task: Detailed Instructions → Step 3: Run the Demo .\2-run-demo.ps1 This triggers the following flow: Slot Swap Occurs (demo script) ▼ Activity Log Alert Fires ▼ Incident Trigger Activated ▼ DeploymentHealthCheck Agent Runs ─ Queries current response time from App Insights ─ Retrieves baseline from knowledge store ─ Compares (if >20% degradation) ─ Executes: az webapp deployment slot swap ─ Creates GitHub issue (if degraded) ─ Posts to Teams channel Full Demo Instructions → Demo Timeline Time Event 0:00 Run 2-run-demo.ps1 0:30 Swap staging → production (bad code deployed) 1:00 Production now slow (~1500ms vs ~50ms baseline) ~5:00 Slot Swap Alert fires ~5:04 Agent executes slot swap (rollback) ~5:30 Production restored to healthy state ~6:00 Agent posts to Teams, creates GitHub issue How the Performance Toggle Works The app has a compile-time toggle in ProductsController.cs: private const bool EnableSlowEndpoints = false; // false = fast, true = slow The setup script creates two versions: Production: EnableSlowEndpoints = false → ~50ms responses Staging: EnableSlowEndpoints = true → ~1500ms responses (artificial delay) Get Started 🔗 Full source code and instructions: github.com/microsoft/sre-agent/samples/proactive-reliability 🔗 Azure SRE Agent documentation: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sre-agent/ Technology Stack Framework: ASP.NET Core 9.0 Infrastructure: Azure Bicep Monitoring: Application Insights + Log Analytics Automation: Azure SRE Agent Scripts: PowerShell 7.0+ Tags: Azure, SRE Agent, DevOps, Reliability, .NET, App Service, Application Insights, Autonomous Remediation
AI Agents Are Rewriting the App Modernization Playbook
The modernization moment: Why now? Modernizing enterprise applications has historically been slow, manual, and costly. For many IT leaders and developers, it’s meant wrestling with aging frameworks, complex dependencies, and the constant tug-of-war between maintaining legacy systems and driving innovation. The stakes are high: every dollar spent on maintenance is a dollar not invested in the future. But the game is changing. Today, agentic AI is transforming modernization from a months-long slog into a days – or even hours – long process. With GitHub Copilot and Azure, teams can finally break through the three constraints that have held them back: 69% of CIOs are using new-project spend to resolve technical debt. This is due to the fact that upgrades, migrations, and containerization are slow, repetitive, and error-prone.[1] 78% of enterprises cite lack of cloud expertise or resources as a major obstacle for modernization. These legacy estates span uneven documentation and rare skills, making it tough to scale modernization across teams.[2] 40% of development resources are spent on maintaining existing systems. This leads to siloed tools and limited portfolio insights that slow down planning and cross-team execution.[3] The result? Projects stall, costs climb, and innovation takes a back seat. Organizations need a new approach—one that combines technical depth, automation, and collaboration to turn legacy estates into engines for growth. What’s new at Ignite This year at Microsoft Ignite, we’re adding to what we announced earlier this year to make a new generation of agentic AI capabilities in GitHub Copilot and Azure—purpose-built to address the modernization challenges facing IT and dev teams today. Here’s what’s new: Expanded Language and Framework Support: Modernizing legacy apps is no longer a manual slog. With the expanded language support, more teams can benefit from these innovations. For Java applications, we now support J2EE to JakartaEE transformation, IntelliJ integration, General Availability of deployment to Azure, and upgrades to Java 25, delivering better performance, security, and language features. (GA) For .NET workloads, we’re launching migration and deployment to Azure, including Managed Instance on Azure App Service for modernizing legacy Windows apps without code rewrites, and AI assisted upgrade paths from .NET Framework to .NET (GA) For Python, customers can now migrate from semantic kernel to agent framework (Public Preview) Containerization made simple with Containerization Assist Integration (GA): Containerization is often a bottleneck, but not anymore. With containerization assist integration, GitHub Copilot can now automatically update application code and generate Dockerfiles and related artifacts for containerizing and deploying to Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), AKS Automatic, or Azure Container Apps (ACA), simplifying containerization for legacy apps. Database modernization: Upgrading databases is now faster and less risky. with the latest PostgreSQL extension for seamless PostgreSQL modernization and SQL Server migrations remain supported through the existing Azure Database Migration Service, enabling developers to modernize databases quickly and accurately. For Oracle-to-PostgreSQL migrations, Copilot tracks schema changes and applies informed code updates at the application level for Java apps. (Public Preview) Customization for enterprise-grade modernization: Modernization isn’t one-size-fits-all. With custom tasks, GitHub Copilot app modernization lets organizations define their own logic, enforcing security guardrails, coding standards, or industry-specific frameworks. Tasks can be created from diffs, markdown files, or URLs and shared across teams. Copilot learns from these customizations to apply them consistently, ensuring compliance while accelerating delivery (GA) Portfolio Assessment Integration (Public Preview): Visibility is key to planning, get a unified, actionable view of your entire app landscape with integrations to Azure Migrate, Dr. Migrate, and CAST Highlight, empowering smarter planning and prioritization, all surfaced through GitHub Issues. Autonomous Workflows (Public Preview): With Coding Agent integration and Copilot CLI, you can enable semi- autonomous modernization, freeing up your teams for higher-value work. Run modernization tasks directly from the CLI, or let agents analyze projects, generate plans, and execute upgrades end-to-end. How does this change the game for modernization These new capabilities are designed to directly address the three core blockers of modernization: Eliminating manual toil by automating upgrades, migrations, and containerization. Bridging expertise gaps by embedding AI-powered guidance and custom tasks, so teams can modernize confidently—even without deep legacy skills. Breaking down silos by providing unified visibility and integrated workflows, making it easier for IT and developers to plan, coordinate, and execute together. And beyond solving these pain points, they help your business achieve more. Accelerating time-to-value: Automate repetitive work so teams can focus on innovation, not maintenance. Reducing risk: Standardize modernization with AI-driven guidance, custom tasks, and integrated compliance. Maximizing ROI: Free up budget and talent by reducing manual effort and accelerating cloud adoption. Empowering collaboration: Give IT and developers a unified toolkit and shared visibility, breaking down silos and speeding up delivery. Take a look at how it comes to life! See GitHub Copilot app modernization in action—automating code upgrades, containerization, and database migration, and enabling seamless collaboration across roles. Customer momentum Organizations large and small, including startups, are benefiting from app modernization with GitHub Copilot. Here are just some of the amazing results that we are seeing: Ignite sessions: learn, connect, and build Ready to see these innovations in action? Join us at Ignite for live demos, customer stories, and expert guidance: BRK103: Modernize your apps in days with AI agents in GitHub Copilot BRK100: Best practices to modernize your apps and databases at scale BRK150: From legacy to modern .NET on Azure faster than ever BRK102: Technical Deep Dive on Managed Instance on Azure App Service BRK115: Inside Microsoft’s AI transformation across the software lifecycle BRK1704: Scale Smarter: Infrastructure for the Agentic Era THR700: Modernizing apps for Kubernetes with new agents in GitHub Copilot PBRK151: Agentic AI Tools for Partner-Led Migration and Modernization Success PBRK152: Unlocking Next Wave of Partner Growth LAB502: Migrate to AKS Automatic with GitHub Copilot for App Modernization LAB501: Modernize ASP.NET apps using Managed Instance on Azure App Service Get started today Explore the latest features with GitHub Copilot app modernization: http://aka.ms/GHCP-appmod Download Visual Studio 2026 and try GitHub Copilot app modernization for your .NET apps today https://aka.ms/vs Modernize with confidence, innovate without compromise With GitHub Copilot and Azure, you can maximize ROI, bridge expertise gaps, and give developers time back—turning legacy into a launchpad for AI-powered experiences. The future of app modernization is here. Let’s build it together. [1] McKinsey, Tech debt, Reclaiming tech equity [2] Flexera, Flexera 2023 State of the Cloud [3] McKinsey, Tech debt, Reclaiming tech equityWhat's New in Azure App Service at #MSIgnite 2025
Azure App Service introduces a new approach to accelerate application migration and modernization at Microsoft Ignite 2025. Known as Managed Instance on Azure App Service, it enables seamless modernization of classic web apps to the cloud with minimal code changes, especially for apps with custom Windows dependencies. Other major updates include enhanced Aspire support for .NET developers on Azure App Service for Linux, new AI integration features, expanded language/runtime support, and improvements in scaling, networking, and developer experience.What's new in Azure Container Apps at Ignite'25
Azure Container Apps (ACA) is a fully managed serverless container platform that enables developers to design and deploy microservices and modern apps without requiring container expertise or needing infrastructure management. ACA is rapidly emerging as the preferred platform for hosting AI workloads and intelligent agents in the cloud. With features like code interpreter, Serverless GPUs, simplified deployments, and per-second billing, ACA empowers developers to build, deploy, and scale AI-driven applications with exceptional agility. ACA makes it easy to integrate agent frameworks, leverage GPU acceleration, and manage complex, multi-container AI environments - all while benefiting from a serverless, fully managed infrastructure. External customers like Replit, NFL Combine, Coca-Cola, and European Space Agency as well as internal teams like Microsoft Copilot (as well as many others) have bet on ACA as their compute platform for AI workloads. ACA is quickly becoming the leading platform for updating existing applications and moving them to a cloud-native setup. It allows organizations to seamlessly migrate legacy workloads - such as Java and .NET apps - by using AI-powered tools like GitHub Copilot to automate code upgrades, analyze dependencies, and handle cloud transformations. ACA’s fully managed, serverless environment removes the complexity of container orchestration. This helps teams break down monolithic or on-premises applications into robust microservices, making use of features like version control, traffic management, and advanced networking for fast iteration and deployment. By following proven modernization strategies while ensuring strong security, scalability, and developer efficiency, ACA helps organizations continuously innovate and future-proof their applications in the cloud. Customers like EY, London Stock Exchange, Chevron, and Paychex have unlocked significant business value by modernizing their workloads onto ACA. This blog presents the latest features and capabilities of ACA, enhancing its value for customers by enabling the rapid migration of existing workloads and development of new cloud applications, all while following cloud-native best practices. Secure sandboxes for AI compute ACA now supports dynamic shell sessions, currently available in public preview. These shell sessions are platform-managed built-in containers designed to execute common shell commands within an isolated, sandboxed environment. With the addition of empty shell sessions and an integrated MCP server, ACA enables customers to provision secure, isolated sandboxes instantly - ideal for use cases such as code execution, tool testing, and workflow automation. This functionality facilitates seamless integration with agent frameworks, empowering agents to access disposable compute environments as needed. Customers can benefit from rapid provisioning, improved security, and decreased operational overhead when managing agentic workloads. To learn more about how to add secure sandbox shell sessions to Microsoft Foundry agents as a tool, visit the walkthrough at https://aka.ms/aca/dynamic-sessions-mcp-tutorial. Docker Compose for Agents support ACA has added Docker Compose for Agents support in public preview, making it easy for developers to define agentic applications stack-agnostic, with MCP and custom model support. Combined with native serverless GPU support, Docker Compose for Agents allows fast iteration and scaling for AI-driven agents and application using LangGraph, LangChain CrewAI, Spring AI, Vercel AI SDK and Agno. These enhancements provide a developer-focused platform that streamlines the process for modern AI workloads, bringing together both development and production cycles into one unified environment. Additional regional availability for Serverless GPUs Serverless GPU solutions offer capabilities such as automatic scaling with NVIDIA A100 or T4 GPUs, per-second billing, and strict data isolation within container boundaries. ACA Serverless GPUs are now generally available in 11 additional regions, further facilitating developers’ ability to deploy AI inference, model training, and GPU-accelerated workloads efficiently. For further details on supported regions, please visit https://aka.ms/aca/serverless-gpu-regions. New Flexible Workload Profile The Flexible workload profile is a new option that combines the simplicity of serverless Consumption with the performance and control in Dedicated profiles. It offers a familiar pay-per-use model along with enhanced features like scheduled maintenance, dedicated networking, and support for larger replicas to meet demanding application needs. Customers can enjoy the advantages of dedicated resources together with effortless infrastructure management and billing from the Consumption model. Operating on a dedicated compute pool, this profile ensures better predictability and isolation without introducing extra operational complexity. It is designed for users who want the ease of serverless scaling, but also need more control over performance and environmental stability. Confidential Computing Confidential computing support is now available in public preview for ACA, offering hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to secure data in use. This adds to existing encryption of data at rest and in transit by encrypting memory and verifying the cloud environment before processing. It helps protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, including by cloud operators, and is useful for organizations with high security needs. Confidential computing can be enabled via workload profiles, with the preview limited to certain regions. Extending Network capabilities General Availability of Rule-based Routing Rule-based routing for ACA is now generally available, offering users improved flexibility and easier composition when designing microservice architectures, conducting A/B testing, or implementing blue-green deployments. With this feature, you can route incoming HTTP traffic to specific apps within your environment by specifying host names or paths - including support for custom domains. You no longer need to set up an extra reverse proxy (like NGINX); simply define routing rules for your environment, and traffic will be automatically directed to the appropriate target apps. General Availability of Premium Ingress ACA support for Premium Ingress is now Generally Available. This feature introduces environment-level ingress configuration options, with the primary highlight being customizable ingress scaling. This capability supports the scaling of the ingress proxy, enabling customers to better handle higher demand workloads, such as large performance tests. By configuring your ingress proxy to run on workload profiles, you can scale out more ingress instances to handle more load. Running the ingress proxy on a workload profile will incur associated costs. To further enhance the flexibility of your application, this release includes other ingress-related settings, such as termination grace period, idle request timeout, and header count. Additional Management capabilities Public Preview of Deployment labels ACA now offers deployment labels in public preview, letting you assign names like dev, staging, or prod to container revisions which can be automatically assigned. This makes environment management easier and supports advanced strategies such as A/B testing and blue-green deployments. Labels help route traffic, control revisions, and streamline rollouts or rollbacks with minimal hassle. With deployment labels, you can manage app lifecycles more efficiently and reduce complexity across environments. General Availability of Durable Task Scheduler support Durable Task Scheduler (DTS) support is now generally available on ACA, empowering users with a robust pro-code workflow solution. With DTS, you can define reliable, containerized workflows as code, benefiting from built-in state persistence and fault-tolerant execution. This enhancement streamlines the creation and administration of complex workflows by boosting scalability, reliability, and enabling efficient monitoring capabilities. What’s next ACA is redefining how developers build and deploy intelligent agents. Agents deployed to Azure Container Apps with Microsoft Agent Framework and Open Telemetry can also be plugged directly into Microsoft Foundry, giving teams a single pane of glass for their agents in Azure. With serverless scale, GPU-on-demand, and enterprise-grade isolation, ACA provides the ideal foundation for hosting AI agents securely and cost-effectively. Utilizing open-source frameworks such as n8n on ACA enables the deployment of no-code automation agents that integrate seamlessly with Azure OpenAI models, supporting intelligent routing, summarization, and adaptive decision-making processes. Similarly, running other agent frameworks like Goose AI Agent on ACA enables it to operate concurrently with model inference workloads (including Ollama and GPT-OSS) within a unified, secure environment. The inclusion of serverless GPU support allows for efficient hosting of large language models such as GPT-OSS, optimizing both cost and scalability for inference tasks. Furthermore, ACA facilitates the remote hosting of Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers, granting agents secure access to external tools and APIs via streamable HTTP transport. Collectively, these features enable organizations to develop, scale, and manage complex agentic workloads - from workflow automation to AI-driven assistants - while leveraging ACA’s enterprise-grade security, autoscaling capabilities, and developer-centric user experience. In addition to these, ACA also enables a wide range of cross-compatibility with various frameworks and services, making it an ideal platform for running Azure Functions on ACA, Distributed Application Runtime (Dapr) microservices, as well as polyglot apps across .NET / Java / JavaScript. As always, we invite you to visit our GitHub page for feedback, feature requests, or questions about Azure Container Apps, where you can open a new issue or up-vote existing ones. If you’re curious about what we’re working on next, check out our roadmap. We look forward to hearing from you!Disciplined Guardrail Development in enterprise application with GitHub Copilot
What Is Disciplined Guardrail-Based Development? In AI-assisted software development, approaches like Vibe Coding—which prioritize momentum and intuition—often fail to ensure code quality and maintainability. To address this, Disciplined Guardrail-Based Development introduces structured rules ("guardrails") that guide AI systems during coding and maintenance tasks, ensuring consistent quality and reliability. To get AI (LLMs) to generate appropriate code, developers must provide clear and specific instructions. Two key elements are essential: What to build – Clarifying requirements and breaking down tasks How to build it – Defining the application architecture The way these two elements are handled depends on the development methodology or process being used. Here are examples as follows. How to Set Up Disciplined Guardrails in GitHub Copilot To implement disciplined guardrail-based development with GitHub Copilot, two key configuration features are used: 1. Custom Instructions (.github/copilot-instructions.md): This file allows you to define persistent instructions that GitHub Copilot will always refer to when generating code. Purpose: Establish coding standards, architectural rules, naming conventions, and other quality guidelines. Best Practice: Instead of placing all instructions in a single file, split them into multiple modular files and reference them accordingly. This improves maintainability and clarity. Example Use: You might define rules like using camelCase for variables, enforcing error boundaries in React, or requiring TypeScript for all new code. https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/how-tos/configure-custom-instructions/add-repository-instructions 2. Chat Modes (.github/chatmodes/*.chatmode.md): These files define specialized chat modes tailored to specific tasks or workflows. Purpose: Customize Copilot’s behavior for different development contexts (e.g., debugging, writing tests, refactoring). Structure: Each .chatmode.md file includes metadata and instructions that guide Copilot’s responses in that mode. Example Use: A debug.chatmode.md might instruct Copilot to focus on identifying and resolving runtime errors, while a test.chatmode.md could prioritize generating unit tests with specific frameworks. https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/copilot/customization/custom-chat-modes The files to be created and their relationships are as follows. Next, there are introductions for the specific creation method. #1: Custom Instructions With custom instructions, you can define commands that are always provided to GitHub Copilot. The prepared files are always referenced during chat sessions and passed to the LLM (this can also be confirmed from the chat history). An important note is to split the content into several files and include links to those files within the .github/copilot-instructions.md file. Because it can become too long if everything is written in a single file. There are mainly two types of content that should be described in custom instructions: A: Development Process (≒ outcome + Creation Method) What documents or code will be created: requirements specification, design documents, task breakdown tables, implementation code, etc. In what order and by whom they will be created: for example, proceed in the order of requirements definition → design → task breakdown → coding. B: Application Architecture How will the outcome be defined in A be created? What technology stack and component structure will be used? A concrete example of copilot-instructions.md is shown below. # Development Rules ## Architecture - When performing design and coding tasks, always refer to the following architecture documents and strictly follow them as rules. ### Product Overview - Document the product overview in `.github/architecture/product.md` ### Technology Stack - Document the technologies used in `.github/architecture/techstack.md` ### Coding Standards - Document coding standards in `.github/architecture/codingrule.md` ### Project Structure - Document the project directory structure in `.github/architecture/structure.md` ### Glossary (Japanese-English) - Document the list of terms used in the project in `.github/architecture/dictionary.md` ## Development Flow - Follow a disciplined development flow and execute the following four stages in order (proceed to the next stage only after completing the current one): 1. Requirement Definition 2. Design 3. Task Breakdown 4. Coding ### 1. Requirement Definition - Document requirements in `docs/[subsystem_name]/[business_name]/requirement.md` - Use `requirement.chatmode.md` to define requirements - Focus on clarifying objectives, understanding the current situation, and setting success criteria - Once requirements are defined, obtain user confirmation before proceeding to the next stage ### 2. Design - Document design in `docs/[subsystem_name]/[business_name]/design.md` - Use `design.chatmode.md` to define the design - Define UI, module structure, and interface design - Once the design is complete, obtain user confirmation before proceeding to the next stage ### 3. Task Breakdown - Document tasks in `docs/[subsystem_name]/[business_name]/tasks.md` - Use `tasks.chatmode.md` to define tasks - Break down tasks into executable units and set priorities - Once task breakdown is complete, obtain user confirmation before proceeding to the next stage ### 4. Coding - Implement code under `src/[subsystem_name]/[business_name]/` - Perform coding task by task - Update progress in `docs/[subsystem_name]/[business_name]/tasks.md` - Report to the user upon completion of each task Note: The only file that is always sent to the LLM is `copilot-instructions.md`. Documents linked from there (such as `product.md` or `techstack.md`) are not guaranteed to be read by the LLM. That said, a reasonably capable LLM will usually review these files before proceeding with the work. If the LLM does not properly reference each file, you may explicitly add these architecture documents to the context. Another approach is to instruct the LLM to review these files in the **chat mode settings**, which will be described later. There are various “schools of thought” regarding application architecture, and it is still an ongoing challenge to determine exactly what should be defined and what documents should be created. The choice of architecture depends on factors such as the business context, development scale, and team structure, so it is difficult to prescribe a one-size-fits-all approach. That said, as a general guideline, it is desirable to summarize the following: Product Overview: Overview of the product, service, or business, including its overall characteristics Technology Stack: What technologies will be used to develop the application? Project Structure: How will folders and directories be organized during development? Module Structure: How will the application be divided into modules? Coding Rules: Rules for handling exceptions, naming conventions, and other coding practices Writing all of this from scratch can be challenging. A practical approach is to create template information with the help of Copilot and then refine it. Specifically, you can: Use tools like M365 Copilot Researcher to create content based on general principles Analyze a prototype application and have the architecture information summarized (using Ask mode or Edit mode, feed the solution files to a capable LLM for analysis) However, in most cases, the output cannot be used as-is. The structure may not be analyzed correctly (hallucinations may occur) Project-specific practices and rules may not be captured Use the generated content as a starting point, and then refine it to create architecture documentation tailored to your own project. When creating architecture documents for enterprise-scale application development, a useful approach is to distinguish between the foundational parts and the individual application parts. Discipline-based guardrail development is particularly effective when building multiple applications in a “cookie-cutter” style on top of a common foundation. A cler example of this is Data-Oriented Architecture (DOA). In DOA, individual business applications are built on top of a shared database that serves as the overall common foundation. In this case, the foundational parts (the database layer) should not be modified arbitrarily by individual developers. Instead, focus on how to standardize the development of the individual application parts (the blue-framed sections) while ensuring consistency. Architecture documentation should be organized with this distinction in mind, emphasizing the uniformity of application-level development built upon the stable foundation. #2 Chat Mode By default, GitHub Copilot provides three chat modes: Ask, Edit, and Agent. However, by creating files under .github/chatmodes/*.chatmode.md, you can customize the Agent mode to create chat modes tailored for specific tasks. Specifically, you can configure the following three aspects. Functionally, this allows you to perform a specific task without having to manually change the model or tools, or write detailed instructions each time: model: Specify the default LLM to use (Note: The user can still manually switch to another LLM if desired) tools: Restrict which tools can be used (Note: The user can still manually select other tools if desired) custom instructions: Provide custom instructions specific to this chat mode A concrete example of .github/chatmodes/*.chatmode.md is shown below. description: This mode is used for requirement definition tasks. model: Claude Sonnet 4 tools: ['changes', 'codebase', 'editFiles', 'fetch', 'findTestFiles', 'githubRepo', 'new', 'openSimpleBrowser', 'runCommands', 'search', 'searchResults', 'terminalLastCommand', 'terminalSelection', 'usages', 'vscodeAPI', 'mssql_connect', 'mssql_disconnect', 'mssql_list_servers', 'mssql_show_schema'] --- # Requirement Definition Mode In this mode, requirement definition tasks are performed. Specifically, the project requirements are clarified, and necessary functions and specifications are defined. Based on instructions or interviews with the user, document the requirements according to the format below. If any specifications are ambiguous or unclear, Copilot should ask the user questions to clarify them. ## File Storage Location Save the requirement definition file in the following location: - Save as `requirement.md` under the directory `docs/[subsystem_name]/[business_name]/` ## Requirement Definition Format While interviewing the user, document the following items in the Markdown file: - **Subsystem Name**: The name of the subsystem to which this business belongs - **Business Name**: The name of the business - **Overview**: A summary of the business - **Use Cases**: Clarify who uses this business, when/under what circumstances, and for what purpose, using the following structure: - **Who (Persona)**: User or system roles - **When/Under What Circumstances (Scenario)**: Timing when the business is executed - **Purpose (Goal)**: Objectives or expected outcomes of the business - **Importance**: The importance of the business (e.g., High, Medium, Low) - **Acceptance Criteria**: Conditions that must be satisfied for the requirement to be considered met - **Status**: Current state of the requirement (e.g., In Progress, Completed) ## After Completion - Once requirement definition is complete, obtain user confirmation and proceed to the next stage (Design). Tips for Creating Chat Modes Here are some tips for creating custom chat modes: Align with the development process: Create chat modes based on the workflow and the deliverables. Instruct the LLM to ask the user when unsure: Direct the LLM to request clarification from the user if any information is missing. Clarify what deliverables to create and where to save them: Make it explicit which outputs are expected and their storage locations. The second point is particularly important. Many AI (LLMs) tend to respond to user prompts in a sycophantic manner (known as sycophancy). As a result, they may fill in unspecified requirements or perform tasks that were not requested, often with the intention of being helpful. The key difference between Ask/Edit modes and Agent mode is that Agent mode allows the LLM to proactively ask questions and engage in dialogue with the user. However, unless the user explicitly includes a prompt such as “ask if you don’t know,” the AI rarely initiates questions on its own. By creating a custom chat mode and instructing the LLM to “ask the user when unsure,” you can fully leverage the benefits of Agent mode. About Tools You can easily check tool names from the list of available tools in the command palette. Alternatively, as shown in the diagram below, it can be convenient to open the custom chat mode file and specify the tool configuration. You can specify not only the MCP server functionality but also built-in tools and Copilot Extensions. Example of Actual Operation An example interaction when using this chat mode is as follows: The LLM behaves according to the custom instructions defined in the chat mode. When you answer questions from GHC, the LLM uses that information to reason and proceed with the task. However, the output is not guaranteed to be correct (hallucinations may occur) → A human should review the output and make any necessary corrections before committing. The basic approach to disciplined guardrail-based development has been covered above. In actual business application development, it is also helpful to understand the following two points: Referencing the database schema Integrated management of design documents and implementation code (Important) Reading the Database Schema In business application development, requirements definition and functional design are often based on the schema information of entities. There are two main ways to allow the system to read schema information: Dynamically read the schema from a development/test DB server using MCP or similar tools. Include a file containing schema information within the project and read from it. A development/test database can be prepared, and schema information can be read via the MCP server or Copilot Extensions. For SQL Server or Azure SQL Database, an MCP Server is available, but its setup can be cumbersome. Therefore, using Copilot Extensions is often easier and recommended. This approach is often seen online, but it is not recommended for the following reasons: Setting up MCP Server or Copilot Extensions can be cumbersome (installation, connection string management, etc.) It is time-consuming (the LLM needs schema information → reads the schema → writes code based on it) Connecting to a DB server via MCP or similar tools is useful for scenarios such as “querying a database in natural language” for non-engineers performing data analysis. However, if the goal is simply to obtain the schema information of entities needed for business application development, the method described below is much simpler. Storing Schema Information Within the Project Place a file containing the schema information inside the project. Any of the following formats is recommended. Write custom instructions so that development refers to this file: DDL (full CREATE DATABASE scripts) O/R mapper files (e.g., Entity Framework context files) Text files documenting schema information, etc. DDL files are difficult for humans to read, but AI (LLMs) can easily read and accurately understand them. In .NET + SQL development, it is recommended to include both the DDL and EF O/R mapper files. Additionally, if you include links to these files in your architecture documents and chat mode instructions, the LLM can generate code while understanding the schema with high accuracy. Integrated Management of Design Documents and Implementation Code Disciplined guardrail-based development with LLMs has made it practical to synchronize and manage design documents and implementation code together—something that was traditionally very difficult. In long-standing systems, it is common for old design documents to become largely useless. During maintenance, code changes are often prioritized. As a result, updating and maintaining design documents tends to be neglected, leading to a significant divergence between design documents and the actual code. For these reasons, the following have been considered best practices (though often not followed in reality): Limit requirements and external design documents to the minimum necessary. Do not create internal design documents; instead, document within the code itself. Always update design documents before making changes to the implementation code. When using LLMs, guardrail-based development makes it easier to enforce a “write the documentation first” workflow. Following the flow of defining specifications, updating the documents, and then writing code also helps the LLM generate appropriate code more reliably. Even if code is written first, LLM-assisted code analysis can significantly reduce the effort required to update the documentation afterward. However, the following points should be noted when doing this: Create and manage design documents as text files, not Word, Excel, or PowerPoint. Use text-based technologies like Mermaid for diagrams. Clearly define how design documents correspond to the code. The last point is especially important. It is crucial to align the structure of requirements and design documents with the structure of the implementation code. For example: Place design documents directly alongside the implementation code. Align folder structures, e.g., /doc and /src. Information about grouping methods and folder mapping should be explicitly included in the custom instructions. Conclusion of Disciplined Guardrail-Based Development with GHC Formalizing and Applying Guardrails Define the development flow and architecture documents in .github/copilot-instructions.md using split references. Prepare .github/chatmodes/* for each development phase, enforcing “ask the AI if anything is unclear.” Synchronization of Documents and Implementation Code Update docs first → use the diff as the basis for implementation (Doc-first). Keep docs in text format (Markdown/Mermaid). Fix folder correspondence between /docs and /src. Handling Schemas Store DDL/O-R mapper files (e.g., EF) in the repository and have the LLM reference them. Minimize dynamic DB connections, prioritizing speed, reproducibility, and security. This disciplined guardrail-based development technique is an AI-assisted approach that significantly improves the quality, maintainability, and team efficiency of enterprise business application development. Adapt it appropriately to each project to maximize productivity in application development.Capture .NET Profiler Trace on the Azure App Service platform
Summary The article provides guidance on using the .NET Profiler Trace feature in Microsoft Azure App Service to diagnose performance issues in ASP.NET applications. It explains how to configure and collect the trace by accessing the Azure Portal, navigating to the Azure App Service, and selecting the "Collect .NET Profiler Trace" feature. Users can choose between "Collect and Analyze Data" or "Collect Data only" and must select the instance to perform the trace on. The trace stops after 60 seconds but can be extended up to 15 minutes. After analysis, users can view the report online or download the trace file for local analysis, which includes information like slow requests and CPU stacks. The article also details how to analyze the trace using Perf View, a tool available on GitHub, to identify performance issues. Additionally, it provides a table outlining scenarios for using .NET Profiler Trace or memory dumps based on various factors like issue type and symptom code. This tool is particularly useful for diagnosing slow or hung ASP.NET applications and is available only in Standard or higher SKUs with the Always On setting enabled. In this article How to configure and collect the .NET Profiler Trace How to download the .NET Profiler Trace How to analyze a .NET Profiler Trace When to use .NET Profilers tracing vs. a memory dump The tool is exceptionally suited for scenarios where an ASP.NET application is performing slower than expected or gets hung. As shown in Figure 1, this feature is available only in Standard or higher Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) and Always On is enabled. If you try to configure .NET Profiler Trace, without both configurations the following messages is rendered. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems blade in the Azure Portal error messages Error – This tool is supported only on Standard, Premium, and Isolated Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) only with AlwaysOn setting enabled to TRUE. Error – We determined that the web app is not "Always-On" enabled and diagnostic does not work reliably with Auto Heal. Turn on the Always-On setting by going to the Application Settings for the web app and then run these tools. How to configure and collect the .NET Profiler Trace To configure a .NET Profiler Trace access the Azure Portal and navigate to the Azure App Service which is experiencing a performance issue. Select Diagnose and solve problems and then the Diagnostic Tools tile. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems blade in the Azure Portal Select the "Collect .NET Profiler Trace" feature on the Diagnostic Tools blade and the following blade is rendered. Notice that you can only select Collect and Analyze Data or Collect Data only. Choose the one you prefer but do consider having the feature perform the analysis. You can download the trace for offline analysis if necessary. Also notice that you need to **select the instance** on which you want to perform the trace. In the scenario, there is only one, so the selection is simple. However, if your app runs on multiple instances, either select them all or if you identify a specific instance which is behaving slowly, select only that one. You realize the best results if you can isolate a single instance enough so that the request you sent is the only one received on that instance. However, in a scenario where the request or instance is not known, the trace adds value and insights. Adding a thread report provides list of all the threads in the process is also collected at the end of the profiler trace. The thread report is useful especially if you are troubleshooting hung processes, deadlocks, or requests taking more than 60 seconds. This pauses your process for a few seconds until the thread dump is generated. CAUTION: a thread report is NOT recommended if you are experiencing High CPU in your application, you may experience issues during trace analysis if CPU consumption is high. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems, Collect .NET Profiler Trace blade in the Azure Portal There are a few points called out in the previous image which are important to read and consider. Specifically the .NET Profiler Trace will stop after 60 seconds from the time that it is started. Therefore, if you can reproduce the issue, have the reproduction steps ready before you start the profiling. If you are not able to reproduce the issue, then you may need to run the trace a few times until the slowness or hang occurs. The collection time can be increased up to 15 minutes (900 seconds) by adding an application setting named IIS_PROFILING_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS with a value of up to 900. After selecting the instance to perform the trace on, press the Collect Profiler Trace button, wait for the profiler to start as seen here, then reproduce the issue or wait for it to occur. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems, Collect .NET Profiler Trace status starting window After the issue is reproduced the .NET Profiler Trace continues to the next step of stopping as seen here. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems, Collect .NET Profiler Trace status stopping window Once stopped, the process continues to the analysis phase if you selected the Collect and Analyze Data option, as seen in the following image, otherwise you are provided a link to download the file for analysis on your local machine. The analysis can take some time, so be patient. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems, Collect .NET Profiler Trace status analyzing window After the analysis is complete, you can either view the Analysis online or download the trace file for local development. How to download the .NET Profiler Trace Once the analysis is complete you can view the report by selecting the link in the Reports column, as seen here. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems, Collect .NET Profiler Trace status complete window Clicking on the report you see the following. There is some useful information in this report, like a list of slow requests, Failed Requests, Thread Call stacks, and CPU stacks. Also shown is a breakdown of where the time was spent during the response generation into categories like Application Code, Platform, and Network. In this case, all the time is spent in the Application code. Azure App Service Diagnose and solve problems, Collect .NET Profiler Trace review the Report To find out specifically where in the Application Code this request performs the analysis of the trace locally. How to analyze a .NET Profiler Trace After downloading the network trace by selecting the link in the Data column, you can use a tool named Perf View which is downloadable on GitHub here. Begin by opening Perf View and double-clicking on the ".DIAGSESSION" file, after some moments expand it to render the Event Trace Log (ETL) file, as shown here. Analyze Azure App Service .NET Profiler Trace with Perf View Double-click on the Thread Time (with startStop Activities) Stacks which open up a new window similar to shown next. If your App Service is configured as out-of-process select the dotnet process which is associated to your app code. If your App Service is in-process select the w3wp process. Analyze Azure App Service .NET Profiler Trace with Perf View, dotnet out-of-process Double-click on dotnet and another window is rendered, as shown here. From the previous image, .NET Profiler Trace reviews the Report, it is clear where slowness is coming from, find that in the Name column or search for it by entering the page name into the Find text box. Analyze Azure App Service .NET Profiler Trace with Perf View, dotnet out-of-process, method, and class discovery Once found right-click on the row and select Drill Into from the pop-up menu, shown here. Select the Call Tree tab and the reason for the issue renders showing which request was performing slow. Analyze Azure App Service .NET Profiler Trace with Perf View, dotnet out-of-process, root cause This example is relatively. As you analyze more performance issues using Perf View to analyze a .NET Profiler Trace your ability to find the root cause of more complicated performance issues can be realized. When to use .NET Profilers tracing vs. a memory dump That same issue is seen in a memory dump, however there are some scenarios where a .NET Profile trace would be best. Here is a table, Table 1, which describes scenarios for when to capture a .NET profile trace or to capture a memory dump. Issue Type Symptom Code Symptom Stack Startup Issue Intermittent Scenario Performance 200 Requests take 500 ms to 2.5 seconds, or takes <= 60 seconds ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core No No Profiler Performance 200 Requests take > 60 seconds & < 230 seconds ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core No No Dump Performance 502.3/500.121/503 Requests take >=120 to <= 230 seconds ASP.NET No No Dump, Profiler Performance 502.3/500.121/503 Requests timing out >=230 ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core Yes/No Yes/No Dump Performance 502.3/500.121/503 App hangs or deadlocks (ex: due to async anti-pattern) ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core Yes/No Yes/No Dump Performance 502.3/500.121/503 App hangs on startup (ex: caused by nonasync deadlock issue) ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core No Yes/No Dump Performance 502.3/500.121 Request timing out >=230 (time out) ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core No No Dump Availability 502.3/500.121/503 High CPU causing app downtime ASP.NET No No Profiler, Dump Availability 502.3/500.121/503 High Memory causing app downtime ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core No No Dump Availability 500.0[121]/503 SQLException or Some Exception causes app downtime ASP.NET No No Dump, Profiler Availability 500.0[121]/503 App crashing due to fatal exception at native layer ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core Yes/No Yes/No Dump Availability 500.0[121]/503 App crashing due to exit code (ex: 0xC0000374) ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core Yes/No Yes/No Dump Availability 500.0 App begin nonfatal exceptions (during a context of a request) ASP.NET No No Profiler, Dump Availability 500.0 App begin nonfatal exceptions (during a context of a request) ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core No Yes/No Dump Table 1, when to capture a .NET Profiler Trace or a Memory Dump on Azure App Service, Diagnose and solve problems Use this list as a guide to help decide how to approach the solving of performance and availability applications problems which are occurring in your application source code. Here are some descriptions regarding the column heading. - Issues Type – Performance means that a request to the app is responding or processing the response but not at a speed in which it is expected to. Availability means that the request is failing or consuming more resources than expected. - Symptom Code – the HTTP Status and/or sub status which is returned by the request. - Symptom – a description of the behavior experienced while engaging with the application. - Stack – this table targets .NET, specifically ASP.NET, and ASP.NET Core applications. - Startup Issue – if "No" then the Scenario can or should be used, "No" represents that the issue is not at startup. If "Yes/No" it means the Scenario is useful for troubleshooting startup issues. - Intermittent – if "No" then the Scenario can or should be used, "No" means the issue is not intermittent or that it can be reproduced. If "Yes/No" it means the Scenario is useful if the issue happens randomly or cannot be reproduced. Meaning that the tool can be set to trigger on a specific event or left running for a specific amount of time until the exception happens. - Scenario – "Profiler" means that the collection of a .NET Profiler Trace would be recommended. "Dump" means that a memory dump would be your best option. If both are provided, then both can be useful when the given symptoms and system codes are present. You might find the videos in Table 2 useful which instruct you how to collect and analyze a memory dump or .NET Profiler Trace. Product Stack Hosting Symptom Capture Analyze Scenario App Service Windows in High CPU link link Dump App Service Windows in High Memory link link Dump App Service Windows in Terminate link link Dump App Service Windows in Hang link link Dump App Service Windows out High CPU link link Dump App Service Windows out High Memory link link Dump App Service Windows out Terminate link link Dump App Service Windows out Hang link link Dump App Service Windows in High CPU link link Dump Function App Windows in High Memory link link Dump Function App Windows in Terminate link link Dump Function App Windows in Hang link link Dump Function App Windows out High CPU link link Dump Function App Windows out High Memory link link Dump Function App Windows out Terminate link link Dump Function App Windows out Hang link link Dump Azure WebJob Windows in High CPU link link Dump App Service Windows in High CPU link link .NET Profiler App Service Windows in Hang link link .NET Profiler App Service Windows in Exception link link .NET Profiler App Service Windows out High CPU link link .NET Profiler App Service Windows out Hang link link .NET Profiler App Service Windows out Exception link link .NET Profiler Table 2, short video instructions on capturing and analyzing dumps and profiler traces Here are a few other helpful videos for troubleshooting Azure App Service Availability and Performance issues: View Application EventLogs Azure App Service Add Application Insights To Azure App Service Prior to capturing and analyzing memory dumps, consider viewing this short video: Setting up WinDbg to analyze Managed code memory dumps and this blog post titled: Capture memory dumps on the Azure App Service platform. Question & Answers - Q: What are the prerequisites for using the .NET Profiler Trace feature in Azure App Service? A: To use the .NET Profiler Trace feature in Azure App Service, the application must be running on a Standard or higher Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) with the Always On setting enabled. If these conditions are not met, the tool will not function, and error messages will be displayed indicating the need for these configurations. - Q: How can you extend the default collection time for a .NET Profiler Trace beyond 60 seconds? A: The default collection time for a .NET Profiler Trace is 60 seconds, but it can be extended up to 15 minutes (900 seconds) by adding an application setting named IIS_PROFILING_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS with a value of up to 900. This allows for a longer duration to capture the necessary data for analysis. - Q: When should you use a .NET Profiler Trace instead of a memory dump for diagnosing performance issues in an ASP.NET application? A: A .NET Profiler Trace is recommended for diagnosing performance issues where requests take between 500 milliseconds to 2.5 seconds or less than 60 seconds. It is also useful for identifying high CPU usage causing app downtime. In contrast, a memory dump is more suitable for scenarios where requests take longer than 60 seconds, the application hangs or deadlocks, or there are issues related to high memory usage or app crashes due to fatal exceptions. Keywords Microsoft Azure, Azure App Service, .NET Profiler Trace, ASP.NET performance, Azure debugging tools, .NET performance issues, Azure diagnostic tools, Collect .NET Profiler Trace, Analyze .NET Profiler Trace, Azure portal, Performance troubleshooting, ASP.NET application, Slow ASP.NET app, Azure Standard SKU, Always On setting, Memory dump vs profiler trace, Perf View analysis, Azure performance diagnostics, .NET application profiling, Diagnose ASP.NET slowness, Azure app performance, High CPU usage ASP.NET, Azure app diagnostics, .NET Profiler configuration, Azure app service performance
