Introduction

 

Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability (MCfS) empowers organizations to accelerate sustainability progress and business growth by bringing together a set of environmental, social, and governance capabilities across the Microsoft cloud portfolio plus solutions from its global ecosystem of partners.

 

Through this, organizations are enabled to gain the transparency and insights they need to manage their environmental footprint, embed sustainability through their organization and value chain, and create new value in a changing landscape.

 

MCfS API (Preview) overview

 

MCfS provides APIs to access emissions data related to your Azure usage. Accurate carbon accounting requires valuable information from partners, vendors, and suppliers. The MCfS API gives you transparency on the carbon emissions generated by your usage of Azure. It uses consistent and accurate carbon accounting to quantify the effect of Microsoft cloud services on customers’ environmental footprint.

 

Details of the API are listed in the MCfS API reference. They include additional information about operations, parameters, and responses. It provides reference content for the following MCfS REST API operations:

 

• Emissions by enrollment
• Metadata
• Projections by enrollment
• Usage by enrollment

 

Play with the MCfS API through its API Management Developer Portal

 

If your organization would like to gain access to the MCfS API (Preview), you should first submit this sign up form. Note that you will need to wait for a bit to be onboarded by the relevant Microsoft Product Group. When you submit the form, your provided tenant ID will be used for onboarding and then you will be contacted with the required steps you need to follow, to get access to the MCfS API.

 

Sign in and create an instance

 

After you receive access from Microsoft, sign in to the MCfS API Portal using your Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) credentials.

You must create an instance to access the Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability APIs. By creating the instance, you become the administrator of that instance. The administrator of the instance can add users, groups, and applications to the instance.

 

Configure data sources and enable the APIs

 

To successfully enable access to your organization's data, this step must be performed by a billing account administrator with a role as billing account reader / contributor / owner on your Azure billing account.

 

On the Data Sources tab, toggle the connection to “on” to connect Azure emissions data. Ensure the status is listed as Available before using the APIs.

 

 

Select the “API Management” tab, and then select “Enable”. Enabling the API generates primary and secondary API keys for your instance to use in API requests.

 

 

Try the APIs

 

On the “API Management” tab, click on the “Try API” button. A developer portal will open in a new tab where you can explore the request and response schemas and make live requests against the MCfS APIs. To make a live request, select “Try it”. Enter all required fields:

 

• Authorization: Automatically populated authorization token
• Subscription key: Automatically populated with the API key from the API Management tab
• enrollmentId: Your enrollment ID, also known as billing account ID (for returning mock data you can use demodata)
• instanceId: Found in the URL of for the Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability API portal

 

 

Add all necessary query parameters. Scroll to the bottom of the side pane and select “Send”. The HTTP response will be displayed at the bottom of the pane.

 

Develop a sample client that consumes the MCfS API

 

Let’s now examine how you can build a simple HTTP-trigger based Azure Function App that calls the MCfS API using a custom MCfS consumer library (SDK). All code samples are written in C# using NET 6 and can be found in this GitHub repo.

 

The process is pretty much the same as before and you must follow the exact same steps as presented above. Apart from those, a few extra steps are required, to make our sample client code able to successfully call the MCfS API.

 

First, you must have sufficient permission to register an application with your Azure AD tenant and assign to the application a role in your Azure subscription. Confirm you have sufficient permissions, or work with your administrator to create a service principal. You will use this service principal to give your Function App an identity with the correct permissions to be able to call the MCfS API.

 

If you do have permissions, then go to your Azure Active Directory and click on “App registrations” and then on “+ New registration”.

 

 

In the new registration page, give a name for your app registration (e.g., mcfs-client in our case), and click on “Register”. You can leave the other options as the default ones.

 

 

After the app registration creation process is complete, you will be redirected to your app registration page. Now, click on the “Certificates & secrets” blade and then on “+ New client secret”. You give your secret a name and when you want it to expire and then click on “Add”. After creation, make sure you grab and save the client secret value, as you will not be able to see it again. This is something extremely sensitive, so make sure you are not sharing it with anyone not supposed to have it.

 

 

You will use the client id and the client secret of this app registration you just created in the Function App code, to assign your Function App this service principal identity when trying to communicate with the MCfS API. For the client id, you can go into the “Overview” blade of your app registration page and grab the value of the “Application (client) ID” property.

 

 

After having created the app registration and client secret that will be used by our Function App sample code, then you should install the Az PowerShell module and connect to your Azure account using the Connect-AzAccount cmdlet.

 

After having authenticated, the next step would be to create an Azure service principal using Azure PowerShell, with the New-AzADServicePrincipal command. This service principal will actually be the instance of the MCfS API app registration in your own tenant.

 

To do that, you can run the following Azure PowerShell command:

 

New-AzADServicePrincipal -ApplicationId 'c3163bf1-092f-436b-b260-7ade5973e5b9'

 

To confirm the above command completed successfully, you can run the following command:

 

Get-AzADServicePrincipal -ApplicationId 'c3163bf1-092f-436b-b260-7ade5973e5b9'

 

What is this -ApplicationId 'c3163bf1-092f-436b-b260-7ade5973e5b9'? Well, if you followed the steps of the previous section and successfully sent a request to any endpoint that the MCfS API exposes, feel free to grab the access token that was sent in the Authorization header of your request.

 

 

If you go ahead and decode it in in jwt.ms, you will get something like the following:

 

 

Pay attention to the aud property of the above image. This is the “audience” claim of the access token, which identifies the recipients that the JWT is intended for. In our case, this matches the -ApplicationId property in the New-AzADServicePrincipal command you ran previously. So, if you now go to the Azure Active Directory page and you click on the “Enterprise applications” blade, choose “Application type” to be “Microsoft Applications” and you search by application name by typing “MCFS”, you shall see the following:

 

 

The -ApplicationId parameter you passed in the New-AzADServicePrincipal command above is the application id of the MCfS API and with that you created an instance (enterprise application) of the MCfS API App Registration to your own tenant.

 

With that in place, you can now go to your app registration (“mfcs-client”) page and click on “API permissions” blade. To add permission for your app registration to be able to call the MCfS API, you can click on “+ Add a permission”, then click on the “APIs my organization uses” option. Then, you search with the application id of the MCfS API (i.e., c3163bf1-092f-436b-b260-7ade5973e5b9), you click on the “MCFS SDS” API that will pop up and you select the App.Emissions.Read permission of the “Application permissions” blade:

 

 

You will now notice that this Application type permission needs to be given admin consent and you do that by clicking on the “Grant admin consent for {your-tenant}”:

 

 

The last step you need to do is go the MCFS Home page, navigate to the “Permissions” blade, then click on “+ Add”. In the side panel that will appear you choose “Viewer” as the “Role” and in the “User, Group or Application” input you search for your application registration (i.e., mcfs-client) and you click on “Save”:

 

 

Now let’s turn our attention to the sample Azure Function App code. Below you can have a look at the architecture of the solution we are going to build.

 

 

In order to get started, go ahead and download / clone the sample code from this GitHub repo and open it in Visual Studio. You will see the below structure:

 

 

The Azure.CfS.Library project is the consumer library that acts like a sort of SDK for the MCfS API. The Fta.CfsSample.Api project is the sample HTTP-Trigger based Azure Function App that uses the Azure.CfS.Library to call the MCfS API. To accomplish this, it needs:

 

• To be associated with the service principal identity you created in Azure AD (mcfs-client in our example).
• Be able to grab a client-credentials token from Azure AD and use it to call the MCfS API:
  • Remember that the mcfs-client service principal has been given permissions to access the MCfS API that you registered in your tenant with the New-AzADServicePrincipal command.

 

The Azure.Cfs.Library makes use of the Microsoft.Identity.Client nuget package, which  contains the binaries of the Microsoft Authentication Library for .NET (MSAL.NET) and it abstracts away the processes of grabbing the client-credentials token and using that to call the MCfS API properly and process its responses. To run the sample app locally, the Azure Function App project will just have to do the following:

 

• Register the services from the Azure.CfS.Library in its Startup.cs file:

 

 

• Create a local.settings.json file inside the Fta.CfsSample.Api project and put inside it the following values (notice it cannot be committed / pushed to your git repo):
  • CfsApi:PrimaryKey: Your CfS API Primary Key from the MCfS API Management Portal
  • AzureAd:TenantId: Your Azure AD tenant id, which you signed up to enable the MCfS Preview API
  • AzureAd:ClientId: The client id of the service principal (app registration) you registered in your Azure AD tenant (“mcfs-client” in our example)
  • AzureAd:ClientSecret: The client secret you created earlier in the process for the service principal (app registration) you registered in your Azure AD tenant (mcfs-client in our example)

 

 

With those values in place, you are now ready to run the Function App. After doing so, you can see the endpoints that the sample API exposes:

 

 

You can now open a tool like Postman and start sending HTTP requests to your Function App. Your sample code will eventually use the MCfS Library, which will use its identity to grab a client-credentials token from Azure AD and will use this token to call the MCfS API and get back the results:

 

 

Finally, here you can have a look at a video showcasing the use case demo.