The Exchange team is aware of issues with the Windows Operating System updates published July 10th, 2018 causing Exchange to not function correctly. The Windows servicing team has advised us that the...
Updated Jul 01, 2019
Version 2.0
Blog Post
Hi team,
"For operating systems prior to Windows 2016, the update will be applied as an additional update to the updates released on July 10th. This means you must apply the July 10th update and then may need to execute Windows Update again to receive the additional update to fully resolve the issue."
You sure? For example, for KB4338831 it reads, "This non-security update includes improvements and fixes that were a part KB4338815 (released July 10, 2018) and also includes these new quality improvements as a preview of the next Monthly Rollup update..", implying it is a replacement like the KB4345418 for WS2016. It seems that for older OS'es there is an update (for the related security update) and a replacement (for the July update).
You need servicing stack update - not a comulative update, this one is needed for update process to work correctly.