After reading this article, I've put together a PowerShell script that automates this process. It provides an HTML report (or just returns the data) of every Public Folder and it's replication progress (calculated by comparing item sizes, as described). It also includes the total item size and counts for reference.
Since all the information was already gathered, the script also includes some general information about the Public Folder environment, including total number of Public Folders scanned, combined size, combined item count, top 10 largest Public Folders, etc.
The script can be downloaded at the Script Center (http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Exchange-2010-Public-944df6ee). More details and usage information is available at this article (http://blog.mikewalker.me/2013/05/exchange-2010-public-folder-replication.html) on my blog.
Mike Walker