Azure PowerShell is a faster iterative product. We expect our customers to update their locally installed versions constantly to stay up to date. The most common way to update it is to use PowerShellGet, a tool built-in to PowerShell for module management.
Usually, you run “Install-Module -Name Az” to install the latest versions of Azure PowerShell modules. When you run “Install-Module -Name $moduleName” to install a specific Az module, you’ll find both the target module and Az.Accounts are installed.
Figure –1 Dependencies among Az Modules
From the behaviors, you will find Az is a bundle of several modules, which depends on all sub-modules of Az rather than a simple single module. When running Install-Module, PowerShellGet fetches Az’s dependencies from the PowerShell gallery and installs the module itself with all the modules it depends on. Meanwhile, each sub-module of Az, for example, Az.Compute, also depends on Az.Accounts. That’s why Az.Accounts is always installed regardless of what Azure PowerShell module is installed. Figure 1, as shown above, illustrates the relationship between the Azure PowerShell modules.
II. Problems
1. Uninstaller’s Negligence
You might expect uninstallation to be a reverse process of installation. Unfortunately, it is not. “Uninstall-Module -Name Az” only removes the Az module without removing the sub-modules. A similar installation and uninstallation process happens to AzureRM. That’s why many people who are migrating from AzureRM to Az have difficulty removing the AzureRM modules.
The package’s dependency information is stored in the original NuGet package but discarded when unpacking the package downloaded during the installation process. When uninstalling the Az module, PowerShellGet doesn’t know the relationship between Az and its sub-modules. Therefore, it only uninstalls the Az module and not the sub-modules.
2. Forgotten Preview Modules
Azure PowerShell often adds new modules. When a new module first onboards, it is in preview mode. This allows for breaking changes in the subsequent versions. At this stage, its version starts with zero, such as 0.1.0. We have released 104 Az sub-modules, 45 of them are in preview mode. When a module goes stable, we upgrade its version to start with a non-zero value, such as 1.0.0, which means it is a general release. After generally released, a module can still release preview versions to include new unstable features. Almost every module contains a preview version before or now. For convenience, we refer to both as being in preview mode and the modules’ preview versions as preview modules.
Most users are unaware of preview modules because they are released independently, not part of the Az module bundle. Sometimes it is difficult to find preview modules, especially the modules without general release versions unless you know their exact names. Since they are not in the Az module bundle, you can only install them individually.
3. Risky Update
If you have several scripts based on Az modules, you need to check whether the upcoming update contains a breaking change (the upgrade of the major version number). “Update-Module” helps you to do the update, but it does everything silently. You must perform the verification manually before running it.
III. Our solution: Az.Tools.Installer
To solve the problems mentioned above, we are launching a new tool, Az.Tools.Installer. It’s based on PowerShellGet and solves the issues we’ve found with it. The first version has three cmdlets which cover installation, uninstallation, and updating.
Compared to PowerShellGet, Az.Tools.Installer perceives the relationship between Az and sub-modules and can manipulate them as a bundle. It collects the information via “Find-Module” from PowerShellGet, which returns the dependency relationship between modules. We also use the cmdlet to retrieve the preview modules.
As Az.Tools.Installer performs the search before the writing operation which causes its cmdlets to take more time to run than similar ones in PowerShellGet. A local cache might shorten the running time though. However, we’re not currently using local caching because it’s easily invalidated since Azure PowerShell changes rapidly.
You can uninstall everything related to Azure PowerShell and AzureRM on your local machine and install all the modules from a target Az release easily with Install-AzModule. If “-RemovePrevious” is present, the cmdlet removes all the modules that the previous version installed. If “-RemoveAzureRm”, it removes all the modules from AzureRM.
You can install modules with the Az release version by specifying “-RequiredVersion” or with module names by specifying "-Name".
Note: Install-AzModule only installs Az sub-modules without the Az module itself.
Please don’t add the “Az.” prefix when specifying the module name. The cmdlets in Az.Tools.Installer add this prefix automatically.
1.2 Install All Az Modules in both General and Preview Release
This cmdlet also provides an easy way to install preview modules with the parameter “-AllowPrerelease”. When this parameter is present, the cmdlet installs all the Az modules with the latest versions whether they are in general release or preview without parameter “-Name”. It tries to retrieve all the Az modules in the target repository before the installation and consequently takes more time to run.
The "-Name" parameter allows you to limit the installation of preview modules to only the ones specified.
Note: The preview version of Az.Accounts is not going to be installed because it contains breaking changes which break other modules.
As an enhancement of Uninstall-Module, Uninstall-AzModule helps to uninstall the numerous modules related to Az. Firstly, you can uninstall the modules attached to a release version of Az using “-RequiredVersion” or “-MinimumVersion” or “-MaximumVersion”. If any of these are specified, by default the cmdlet removes all the modules attached to the Az version that fills the condition. If “-Name” is specified, the cmdlet removes the modules attached to the Az version for the specified name or list of names. If no version condition is provided explicitly, the latest Az version in the repository provided (PSGallery in the example above) is used.
To remove all the Az modules on your local machine, you can specify “-AllVersion”. You can provide a list of modules with “-Name” to remove all the versions of the specified modules.
The cmdlet also enables you to remove preview modules in three different ways. By default, when “-AllowPrerelease” is specified, it removes all the modules’ latest version whether they’re in general release or preview. By using “-Name”, you can limit the uninstallation to the specified modules. Further, -AllVersion removes all versions of the modules related to Az.
Note the difference between “Uninstall-AzModule -AllowPrerelease –AllVersion” and “Uninstall-AzModule –AllVersion”. The later only removes the modules in general release. If you want to clean up your environment thoroughly, you can run “Uninstall-AzModule -RemoveAzureRm -AllowPrerelease –AllVersion”.
The advance of “Update-AzModule” compared to “Update-Module” is to provide you with a table of what modules to update and how to update them. “-WhatIf” prevents the cmdlet from performing the operation on the modules. It can be used to generate a report of what would happen without performing the operation. With “-Name”, you can check only the modules you are interested in. This also makes it complete faster. Table 1 shows an example of the “To-Update” report.
After viewing the report, you would like to perform the update. If you only want to update some of the modules, you can provide a list of module names with “-Name”. If you want to update all the modules that have newer versions, you can run “Update-AzModule”. If you want to replace the currently installed version with the latest version, specify “-RemovePrevious".
Note that “Update-AzModule” only updates the modules currently installed. If you provide the name of a module not on your local machine, the cmdlet does nothing. Note: This cmdlet cannot be used to update preview modules. If, for example, Az.Storage releases a preview version newer than the existing general release version, run “Install-AzModule –Name Storage -Repository PSGallery –AllowPrerelease” to install the latest preview.
IV. Limitation and Future Work
PowerShell Core can import modules from the Windows PowerShell path, however, it has no rights to write to that path. This causes a conflict when you are trying to install a module with a version existing in the Windows PowerShell path. Therefore, Az.Tools.Installer warns you of the installation of Azure PowerShell in the Windows PowerShell path when you use it in PowerShell Core. One solution is to grant PowerShell Core administrator rights and another way is only to use Azure PowerShell either in Windows PowerShell or PowerShell Core. Further, PowerShell Core is recommended.
Another obvious issue of Az.Tools.Installer is the performance. As it accesses the remote repository frequently to fetch the information and install the modules, you experience a delay for several minutes while the cmdlet runs. We are going to optimize it in a future release.
Your feedback on Az.Tools.Installer is important to us. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to reach out to us on GitHub.
Indeed, when I run the command 'Update-AzModule' as admin, in a windows Powershell terminal, it will update to the lates version and remove all previous versions.
I did test it in the VSCode integrated Powershell terminal, I still had the problem even when I used an elevated prompt. I will open a github issue shortly.
glakatos Could you create a github issue to include the steps of how to reproduce the issue. The uninstallation of the previous versions fails usually due to permission issue. We need to investigate your case further.
glakatos thanks for the feedback, if I recall correctly, we decided to switch the logic to remove previous version to minimize the footprint of the Azure PowerShell modules.
I just came across this article while researching how to remove old Az sub modules that I could not using 'Uninstall-Module'. I`ve installed the Az.Tools.installer Version 1.0.0 and saw that you no longer can use the -RemovePrevious parameter with the Update-AzModule cmdlet. Seeing how the -KeepPrevious parameter is there, I assumed that it will remove old versions during the update by default but that wasn`t the case.
I wrote a function that lists every module that has more than one version installed. After I run Update-AzModule, old versions still remain. Hence I wanted to update this post here to check what I might be missing and if the current version of this module is working as intended?
Module Az.Accounts has 2 versions installed: 2.15.0, 2.13.1
Module Az.Aks has 2 versions installed: 6.0.0, 5.5.1
Module Az.ApplicationInsights has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.2
Module Az.Automation has 2 versions installed: 1.10.0, 1.9.1
Module Az.CloudService has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.0
Module Az.CognitiveServices has 2 versions installed: 1.14.1, 1.14.0
Module Az.Compute has 2 versions installed: 7.1.1, 6.3.0
Module Az.ContainerInstance has 2 versions installed: 4.0.0, 3.2.2
Module Az.ContainerRegistry has 2 versions installed: 4.1.3, 4.1.1
Module Az.CosmosDB has 2 versions installed: 1.14.0, 1.12.0
Module Az.Databricks has 2 versions installed: 1.7.1, 1.7.0
Module Az.DataFactory has 2 versions installed: 1.18.0, 1.17.0
Module Az.DataProtection has 2 versions installed: 2.2.0, 2.1.0
Module Az.DesktopVirtualization has 2 versions installed: 4.3.0, 4.0.0
Module Az.Dns has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.3
Module Az.EventHub has 2 versions installed: 4.2.0, 4.1.0
Module Az.Functions has 2 versions installed: 4.0.7, 4.0.6
Module Az.HDInsight has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 6.0.1
Module Az.KeyVault has 2 versions installed: 5.1.0, 4.12.0
Module Az.Kusto has 2 versions installed: 2.3.0, 2.2.0
Module Az.Maintenance has 2 versions installed: 1.4.1, 1.3.1
Module Az.ManagedServiceIdentity has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.1
Module Az.Monitor has 2 versions installed: 5.0.0, 4.6.0
Module Az.Network has 2 versions installed: 7.3.0, 6.2.0
Module Az.PolicyInsights has 2 versions installed: 1.6.4, 1.6.3
Module Az.PowerBIEmbedded has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.1
Module Az.RecoveryServices has 2 versions installed: 6.7.0, 6.6.0
Module Az.RedisCache has 2 versions installed: 1.8.1, 1.8.0
Module Az.Resources has 2 versions installed: 6.13.0, 6.11.1
Module Az.Security has 2 versions installed: 1.5.1, 1.4.0
Module Az.SecurityInsights has 2 versions installed: 3.1.1, 3.1.0
Module Az.ServiceFabric has 2 versions installed: 3.3.2, 3.2.0
Module Az.Sql has 2 versions installed: 4.13.0, 4.10.0
Module Az.StackHCI has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.0
Module Az.Storage has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 5.10.1
Module Az.StorageMover has 2 versions installed: 1.3.0, 1.0.1
Module Az.StorageSync has 2 versions installed: 2.1.1, 2.0.0
Module Az.Synapse has 2 versions installed: 3.0.5, 3.0.3
Module Az.TrafficManager has 2 versions installed: 1.2.2, 1.2.1
Module Az.Websites has 2 versions installed: 3.1.2, 3.1.1
Module Az.Accounts has 2 versions installed: 2.15.0, 2.13.1
Module Az.Aks has 2 versions installed: 6.0.0, 5.5.1
Module Az.ApplicationInsights has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.2
Module Az.Automation has 2 versions installed: 1.10.0, 1.9.1
Module Az.CloudService has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.0
Module Az.CognitiveServices has 2 versions installed: 1.14.1, 1.14.0
Module Az.Compute has 2 versions installed: 7.1.1, 6.3.0
Module Az.ContainerInstance has 2 versions installed: 4.0.0, 3.2.2
Module Az.ContainerRegistry has 2 versions installed: 4.1.3, 4.1.1
Module Az.CosmosDB has 2 versions installed: 1.14.0, 1.12.0
Module Az.Databricks has 2 versions installed: 1.7.1, 1.7.0
Module Az.DataFactory has 2 versions installed: 1.18.0, 1.17.0
Module Az.DataProtection has 2 versions installed: 2.2.0, 2.1.0
Module Az.DesktopVirtualization has 2 versions installed: 4.3.0, 4.0.0
Module Az.Dns has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.3
Module Az.EventHub has 2 versions installed: 4.2.0, 4.1.0
Module Az.Functions has 2 versions installed: 4.0.7, 4.0.6
Module Az.HDInsight has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 6.0.1
Module Az.KeyVault has 2 versions installed: 5.1.0, 4.12.0
Module Az.Kusto has 2 versions installed: 2.3.0, 2.2.0
Module Az.Maintenance has 2 versions installed: 1.4.1, 1.3.1
Module Az.ManagedServiceIdentity has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.1
Module Az.Monitor has 2 versions installed: 5.0.0, 4.6.0
Module Az.Network has 2 versions installed: 7.3.0, 6.2.0
Module Az.PolicyInsights has 2 versions installed: 1.6.4, 1.6.3
Module Az.PowerBIEmbedded has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.1
Module Az.RecoveryServices has 2 versions installed: 6.7.0, 6.6.0
Module Az.RedisCache has 2 versions installed: 1.8.1, 1.8.0
Module Az.Resources has 2 versions installed: 6.13.0, 6.11.1
Module Az.Security has 2 versions installed: 1.5.1, 1.4.0
Module Az.SecurityInsights has 2 versions installed: 3.1.1, 3.1.0
Module Az.ServiceFabric has 2 versions installed: 3.3.2, 3.2.0
Module Az.Sql has 2 versions installed: 4.13.0, 4.10.0
Module Az.StackHCI has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.0
Module Az.Storage has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 5.10.1
Module Az.StorageMover has 2 versions installed: 1.3.0, 1.0.1
Module Az.StorageSync has 2 versions installed: 2.1.1, 2.0.0
Module Az.Synapse has 2 versions installed: 3.0.5, 3.0.3
Module Az.Tools.Migration has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.1.3
Module Az.TrafficManager has 2 versions installed: 1.2.2, 1.2.1
Module Az.Websites has 2 versions installed: 3.1.2, 3.1.1
Note: after running this little script I managed to clean up all but one:
yobyot, we have been doing and are still doing some product development work on this module and its features. We will refresh the preview based on those learnings.
Tomasz Olędzki Currently, you cannot use Az together with AzureRM. "-RemoveAzureRm" will remove all the modules of AzureRM installed in your PowerShell module path. If you have something that depends on them, please be careful. Which extension are you using dependent on AzureRM in Visual Studio?
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Az.Tools.Installer","id":"message:1697622","revisionNum":7,"repliesCount":14,"author":{"__ref":"User:user:795096"},"depth":0,"hasGivenKudo":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:AzureToolsBlog"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:1697622"},"messagePolicies":{"__typename":"MessagePolicies","canPublishArticleOnEdit":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_edit_workflow_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_edit_workflow_action.accessDenied","args":[]}},"canModerateSpamMessage":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.moderate_entity.allowed.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.moderate_entity.allowed.accessDenied","args":[]}}},"contentWorkflow":{"__typename":"ContentWorkflow","state":"PUBLISH","scheduledPublishTime":null,"scheduledTimezone":null,"userContext":{"__typename":"MessageWorkflowContext","canSubmitForReview":null,"canEdit":false,"canRecall":null,"canSubmitForPublication":null,"canReturnToAuthor":null,"canPublish":null,"canReturnToReview":null,"canSchedule":false},"shortScheduledTimezone":null},"readOnly":false,"editFrozen":false,"moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:1697622"},"teaser":"","body":"
I. Background
\n
Azure PowerShell is a faster iterative product. We expect our customers to update their locally installed versions constantly to stay up to date. The most common way to update it is to use PowerShellGet, a tool built-in to PowerShell for module management.
\n
\n
Usually, you run “Install-Module -Name Az” to install the latest versions of Azure PowerShell modules. When you run “Install-Module -Name $moduleName” to install a specific Az module, you’ll find both the target module and Az.Accounts are installed.
\n
\n
\n
Figure –1 Dependencies among Az Modules
\n
\n
From the behaviors, you will find Az is a bundle of several modules, which depends on all sub-modules of Az rather than a simple single module. When running Install-Module, PowerShellGet fetches Az’s dependencies from the PowerShell gallery and installs the module itself with all the modules it depends on. Meanwhile, each sub-module of Az, for example, Az.Compute, also depends on Az.Accounts. That’s why Az.Accounts is always installed regardless of what Azure PowerShell module is installed. Figure 1, as shown above, illustrates the relationship between the Azure PowerShell modules.
\n
\n
II. Problems
\n
\n
1. Uninstaller’s Negligence
\n
You might expect uninstallation to be a reverse process of installation. Unfortunately, it is not. “Uninstall-Module -Name Az” only removes the Az module without removing the sub-modules. A similar installation and uninstallation process happens to AzureRM. That’s why many people who are migrating from AzureRM to Az have difficulty removing the AzureRM modules.
\n
\n
The package’s dependency information is stored in the original NuGet package but discarded when unpacking the package downloaded during the installation process. When uninstalling the Az module, PowerShellGet doesn’t know the relationship between Az and its sub-modules. Therefore, it only uninstalls the Az module and not the sub-modules.
\n
\n
2. Forgotten Preview Modules
\n
Azure PowerShell often adds new modules. When a new module first onboards, it is in preview mode. This allows for breaking changes in the subsequent versions. At this stage, its version starts with zero, such as 0.1.0. We have released 104 Az sub-modules, 45 of them are in preview mode. When a module goes stable, we upgrade its version to start with a non-zero value, such as 1.0.0, which means it is a general release. After generally released, a module can still release preview versions to include new unstable features. Almost every module contains a preview version before or now. For convenience, we refer to both as being in preview mode and the modules’ preview versions as preview modules.
\n
\n
Most users are unaware of preview modules because they are released independently, not part of the Az module bundle. Sometimes it is difficult to find preview modules, especially the modules without general release versions unless you know their exact names. Since they are not in the Az module bundle, you can only install them individually.
\n
\n
3. Risky Update
\n
If you have several scripts based on Az modules, you need to check whether the upcoming update contains a breaking change (the upgrade of the major version number). “Update-Module” helps you to do the update, but it does everything silently. You must perform the verification manually before running it.
\n
\n
III. Our solution: Az.Tools.Installer
\n
To solve the problems mentioned above, we are launching a new tool, Az.Tools.Installer. It’s based on PowerShellGet and solves the issues we’ve found with it. The first version has three cmdlets which cover installation, uninstallation, and updating.
\n
\n
Compared to PowerShellGet, Az.Tools.Installer perceives the relationship between Az and sub-modules and can manipulate them as a bundle. It collects the information via “Find-Module” from PowerShellGet, which returns the dependency relationship between modules. We also use the cmdlet to retrieve the preview modules.
\n
\n
As Az.Tools.Installer performs the search before the writing operation which causes its cmdlets to take more time to run than similar ones in PowerShellGet. A local cache might shorten the running time though. However, we’re not currently using local caching because it’s easily invalidated since Azure PowerShell changes rapidly.
You can uninstall everything related to Azure PowerShell and AzureRM on your local machine and install all the modules from a target Az release easily with Install-AzModule. If “-RemovePrevious” is present, the cmdlet removes all the modules that the previous version installed. If “-RemoveAzureRm”, it removes all the modules from AzureRM.
\n
\n
You can install modules with the Az release version by specifying “-RequiredVersion” or with module names by specifying \"-Name\".
\n
\n
Note: Install-AzModule only installs Az sub-modules without the Az module itself.
\n
Please don’t add the “Az.” prefix when specifying the module name. The cmdlets in Az.Tools.Installer add this prefix automatically.
\n
\n
1.2 Install All Az Modules in both General and Preview Release
This cmdlet also provides an easy way to install preview modules with the parameter “-AllowPrerelease”. When this parameter is present, the cmdlet installs all the Az modules with the latest versions whether they are in general release or preview without parameter “-Name”. It tries to retrieve all the Az modules in the target repository before the installation and consequently takes more time to run.
\n
\n
The \"-Name\" parameter allows you to limit the installation of preview modules to only the ones specified.
\n
\n
Note: The preview version of Az.Accounts is not going to be installed because it contains breaking changes which break other modules.
As an enhancement of Uninstall-Module, Uninstall-AzModule helps to uninstall the numerous modules related to Az. Firstly, you can uninstall the modules attached to a release version of Az using “-RequiredVersion” or “-MinimumVersion” or “-MaximumVersion”. If any of these are specified, by default the cmdlet removes all the modules attached to the Az version that fills the condition. If “-Name” is specified, the cmdlet removes the modules attached to the Az version for the specified name or list of names. If no version condition is provided explicitly, the latest Az version in the repository provided (PSGallery in the example above) is used.
To remove all the Az modules on your local machine, you can specify “-AllVersion”. You can provide a list of modules with “-Name” to remove all the versions of the specified modules.
The cmdlet also enables you to remove preview modules in three different ways. By default, when “-AllowPrerelease” is specified, it removes all the modules’ latest version whether they’re in general release or preview. By using “-Name”, you can limit the uninstallation to the specified modules. Further, -AllVersion removes all versions of the modules related to Az.
\n
\n
Note the difference between “Uninstall-AzModule -AllowPrerelease –AllVersion” and “Uninstall-AzModule –AllVersion”. The later only removes the modules in general release. If you want to clean up your environment thoroughly, you can run “Uninstall-AzModule -RemoveAzureRm -AllowPrerelease –AllVersion”.
The advance of “Update-AzModule” compared to “Update-Module” is to provide you with a table of what modules to update and how to update them. “-WhatIf” prevents the cmdlet from performing the operation on the modules. It can be used to generate a report of what would happen without performing the operation. With “-Name”, you can check only the modules you are interested in. This also makes it complete faster. Table 1 shows an example of the “To-Update” report.
After viewing the report, you would like to perform the update. If you only want to update some of the modules, you can provide a list of module names with “-Name”. If you want to update all the modules that have newer versions, you can run “Update-AzModule”. If you want to replace the currently installed version with the latest version, specify “-RemovePrevious\".
\n
\n
Note that “Update-AzModule” only updates the modules currently installed. If you provide the name of a module not on your local machine, the cmdlet does nothing. Note: This cmdlet cannot be used to update preview modules. If, for example, Az.Storage releases a preview version newer than the existing general release version, run “Install-AzModule –Name Storage -Repository PSGallery –AllowPrerelease” to install the latest preview.
\n
\n
IV. Limitation and Future Work
\n
PowerShell Core can import modules from the Windows PowerShell path, however, it has no rights to write to that path. This causes a conflict when you are trying to install a module with a version existing in the Windows PowerShell path. Therefore, Az.Tools.Installer warns you of the installation of Azure PowerShell in the Windows PowerShell path when you use it in PowerShell Core. One solution is to grant PowerShell Core administrator rights and another way is only to use Azure PowerShell either in Windows PowerShell or PowerShell Core. Further, PowerShell Core is recommended.
\n
\n
Another obvious issue of Az.Tools.Installer is the performance. As it accesses the remote repository frequently to fetch the information and install the modules, you experience a delay for several minutes while the cmdlet runs. We are going to optimize it in a future release.
\n
\n
Your feedback on Az.Tools.Installer is important to us. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to reach out to us on GitHub.
","body@stringLength":"17243","rawBody":"
I. Background
\n
Azure PowerShell is a faster iterative product. We expect our customers to update their locally installed versions constantly to stay up to date. The most common way to update it is to use PowerShellGet, a tool built-in to PowerShell for module management.
\n
\n
Usually, you run “Install-Module -Name Az” to install the latest versions of Azure PowerShell modules. When you run “Install-Module -Name $moduleName” to install a specific Az module, you’ll find both the target module and Az.Accounts are installed.
\n
\n
\n
Figure –1 Dependencies among Az Modules
\n
\n
From the behaviors, you will find Az is a bundle of several modules, which depends on all sub-modules of Az rather than a simple single module. When running Install-Module, PowerShellGet fetches Az’s dependencies from the PowerShell gallery and installs the module itself with all the modules it depends on. Meanwhile, each sub-module of Az, for example, Az.Compute, also depends on Az.Accounts. That’s why Az.Accounts is always installed regardless of what Azure PowerShell module is installed. Figure 1, as shown above, illustrates the relationship between the Azure PowerShell modules.
\n
\n
II. Problems
\n
\n
1. Uninstaller’s Negligence
\n
You might expect uninstallation to be a reverse process of installation. Unfortunately, it is not. “Uninstall-Module -Name Az” only removes the Az module without removing the sub-modules. A similar installation and uninstallation process happens to AzureRM. That’s why many people who are migrating from AzureRM to Az have difficulty removing the AzureRM modules.
\n
\n
The package’s dependency information is stored in the original NuGet package but discarded when unpacking the package downloaded during the installation process. When uninstalling the Az module, PowerShellGet doesn’t know the relationship between Az and its sub-modules. Therefore, it only uninstalls the Az module and not the sub-modules.
\n
\n
2. Forgotten Preview Modules
\n
Azure PowerShell often adds new modules. When a new module first onboards, it is in preview mode. This allows for breaking changes in the subsequent versions. At this stage, its version starts with zero, such as 0.1.0. We have released 104 Az sub-modules, 45 of them are in preview mode. When a module goes stable, we upgrade its version to start with a non-zero value, such as 1.0.0, which means it is a general release. After generally released, a module can still release preview versions to include new unstable features. Almost every module contains a preview version before or now. For convenience, we refer to both as being in preview mode and the modules’ preview versions as preview modules.
\n
\n
Most users are unaware of preview modules because they are released independently, not part of the Az module bundle. Sometimes it is difficult to find preview modules, especially the modules without general release versions unless you know their exact names. Since they are not in the Az module bundle, you can only install them individually.
\n
\n
3. Risky Update
\n
If you have several scripts based on Az modules, you need to check whether the upcoming update contains a breaking change (the upgrade of the major version number). “Update-Module” helps you to do the update, but it does everything silently. You must perform the verification manually before running it.
\n
\n
III. Our solution: Az.Tools.Installer
\n
To solve the problems mentioned above, we are launching a new tool, Az.Tools.Installer. It’s based on PowerShellGet and solves the issues we’ve found with it. The first version has three cmdlets which cover installation, uninstallation, and updating.
\n
\n
Compared to PowerShellGet, Az.Tools.Installer perceives the relationship between Az and sub-modules and can manipulate them as a bundle. It collects the information via “Find-Module” from PowerShellGet, which returns the dependency relationship between modules. We also use the cmdlet to retrieve the preview modules.
\n
\n
As Az.Tools.Installer performs the search before the writing operation which causes its cmdlets to take more time to run than similar ones in PowerShellGet. A local cache might shorten the running time though. However, we’re not currently using local caching because it’s easily invalidated since Azure PowerShell changes rapidly.
You can uninstall everything related to Azure PowerShell and AzureRM on your local machine and install all the modules from a target Az release easily with Install-AzModule. If “-RemovePrevious” is present, the cmdlet removes all the modules that the previous version installed. If “-RemoveAzureRm”, it removes all the modules from AzureRM.
\n
\n
You can install modules with the Az release version by specifying “-RequiredVersion” or with module names by specifying \"-Name\".
\n
\n
Note: Install-AzModule only installs Az sub-modules without the Az module itself.
\n
Please don’t add the “Az.” prefix when specifying the module name. The cmdlets in Az.Tools.Installer add this prefix automatically.
\n
\n
1.2 Install All Az Modules in both General and Preview Release
This cmdlet also provides an easy way to install preview modules with the parameter “-AllowPrerelease”. When this parameter is present, the cmdlet installs all the Az modules with the latest versions whether they are in general release or preview without parameter “-Name”. It tries to retrieve all the Az modules in the target repository before the installation and consequently takes more time to run.
\n
\n
The \"-Name\" parameter allows you to limit the installation of preview modules to only the ones specified.
\n
\n
Note: The preview version of Az.Accounts is not going to be installed because it contains breaking changes which break other modules.
As an enhancement of Uninstall-Module, Uninstall-AzModule helps to uninstall the numerous modules related to Az. Firstly, you can uninstall the modules attached to a release version of Az using “-RequiredVersion” or “-MinimumVersion” or “-MaximumVersion”. If any of these are specified, by default the cmdlet removes all the modules attached to the Az version that fills the condition. If “-Name” is specified, the cmdlet removes the modules attached to the Az version for the specified name or list of names. If no version condition is provided explicitly, the latest Az version in the repository provided (PSGallery in the example above) is used.
To remove all the Az modules on your local machine, you can specify “-AllVersion”. You can provide a list of modules with “-Name” to remove all the versions of the specified modules.
The cmdlet also enables you to remove preview modules in three different ways. By default, when “-AllowPrerelease” is specified, it removes all the modules’ latest version whether they’re in general release or preview. By using “-Name”, you can limit the uninstallation to the specified modules. Further, -AllVersion removes all versions of the modules related to Az.
\n
\n
Note the difference between “Uninstall-AzModule -AllowPrerelease –AllVersion” and “Uninstall-AzModule –AllVersion”. The later only removes the modules in general release. If you want to clean up your environment thoroughly, you can run “Uninstall-AzModule -RemoveAzureRm -AllowPrerelease –AllVersion”.
The advance of “Update-AzModule” compared to “Update-Module” is to provide you with a table of what modules to update and how to update them. “-WhatIf” prevents the cmdlet from performing the operation on the modules. It can be used to generate a report of what would happen without performing the operation. With “-Name”, you can check only the modules you are interested in. This also makes it complete faster. Table 1 shows an example of the “To-Update” report.
After viewing the report, you would like to perform the update. If you only want to update some of the modules, you can provide a list of module names with “-Name”. If you want to update all the modules that have newer versions, you can run “Update-AzModule”. If you want to replace the currently installed version with the latest version, specify “-RemovePrevious\".
\n
\n
Note that “Update-AzModule” only updates the modules currently installed. If you provide the name of a module not on your local machine, the cmdlet does nothing. Note: This cmdlet cannot be used to update preview modules. If, for example, Az.Storage releases a preview version newer than the existing general release version, run “Install-AzModule –Name Storage -Repository PSGallery –AllowPrerelease” to install the latest preview.
\n
\n
IV. Limitation and Future Work
\n
PowerShell Core can import modules from the Windows PowerShell path, however, it has no rights to write to that path. This causes a conflict when you are trying to install a module with a version existing in the Windows PowerShell path. Therefore, Az.Tools.Installer warns you of the installation of Azure PowerShell in the Windows PowerShell path when you use it in PowerShell Core. One solution is to grant PowerShell Core administrator rights and another way is only to use Azure PowerShell either in Windows PowerShell or PowerShell Core. Further, PowerShell Core is recommended.
\n
\n
Another obvious issue of Az.Tools.Installer is the performance. As it accesses the remote repository frequently to fetch the information and install the modules, you experience a delay for several minutes while the cmdlet runs. We are going to optimize it in a future release.
\n
\n
Your feedback on Az.Tools.Installer is important to us. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to reach out to us on GitHub.
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Indeed, when I run the command 'Update-AzModule' as admin, in a windows Powershell terminal, it will update to the lates version and remove all previous versions.
I did test it in the VSCode integrated Powershell terminal, I still had the problem even when I used an elevated prompt. I will open a github issue shortly.
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glakatos Could you create a github issue to include the steps of how to reproduce the issue. The uninstallation of the previous versions fails usually due to permission issue. We need to investigate your case further.
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glakatos thanks for the feedback, if I recall correctly, we decided to switch the logic to remove previous version to minimize the footprint of the Azure PowerShell modules.
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I just came across this article while researching how to remove old Az sub modules that I could not using 'Uninstall-Module'. I`ve installed the Az.Tools.installer Version 1.0.0 and saw that you no longer can use the -RemovePrevious parameter with the Update-AzModule cmdlet. Seeing how the -KeepPrevious parameter is there, I assumed that it will remove old versions during the update by default but that wasn`t the case.
I wrote a function that lists every module that has more than one version installed. After I run Update-AzModule, old versions still remain. Hence I wanted to update this post here to check what I might be missing and if the current version of this module is working as intended?
Module Az.Accounts has 2 versions installed: 2.15.0, 2.13.1\nModule Az.Aks has 2 versions installed: 6.0.0, 5.5.1\nModule Az.ApplicationInsights has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.2\nModule Az.Automation has 2 versions installed: 1.10.0, 1.9.1\nModule Az.CloudService has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.0\nModule Az.CognitiveServices has 2 versions installed: 1.14.1, 1.14.0\nModule Az.Compute has 2 versions installed: 7.1.1, 6.3.0\nModule Az.ContainerInstance has 2 versions installed: 4.0.0, 3.2.2\nModule Az.ContainerRegistry has 2 versions installed: 4.1.3, 4.1.1\nModule Az.CosmosDB has 2 versions installed: 1.14.0, 1.12.0\nModule Az.Databricks has 2 versions installed: 1.7.1, 1.7.0\nModule Az.DataFactory has 2 versions installed: 1.18.0, 1.17.0\nModule Az.DataProtection has 2 versions installed: 2.2.0, 2.1.0\nModule Az.DesktopVirtualization has 2 versions installed: 4.3.0, 4.0.0\nModule Az.Dns has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.3\nModule Az.EventHub has 2 versions installed: 4.2.0, 4.1.0\nModule Az.Functions has 2 versions installed: 4.0.7, 4.0.6\nModule Az.HDInsight has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 6.0.1\nModule Az.KeyVault has 2 versions installed: 5.1.0, 4.12.0\nModule Az.Kusto has 2 versions installed: 2.3.0, 2.2.0\nModule Az.Maintenance has 2 versions installed: 1.4.1, 1.3.1\nModule Az.ManagedServiceIdentity has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.1\nModule Az.Monitor has 2 versions installed: 5.0.0, 4.6.0\nModule Az.Network has 2 versions installed: 7.3.0, 6.2.0\nModule Az.PolicyInsights has 2 versions installed: 1.6.4, 1.6.3\nModule Az.PowerBIEmbedded has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.1\nModule Az.RecoveryServices has 2 versions installed: 6.7.0, 6.6.0\nModule Az.RedisCache has 2 versions installed: 1.8.1, 1.8.0\nModule Az.Resources has 2 versions installed: 6.13.0, 6.11.1\nModule Az.Security has 2 versions installed: 1.5.1, 1.4.0\nModule Az.SecurityInsights has 2 versions installed: 3.1.1, 3.1.0\nModule Az.ServiceFabric has 2 versions installed: 3.3.2, 3.2.0\nModule Az.Sql has 2 versions installed: 4.13.0, 4.10.0\nModule Az.StackHCI has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.0\nModule Az.Storage has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 5.10.1\nModule Az.StorageMover has 2 versions installed: 1.3.0, 1.0.1\nModule Az.StorageSync has 2 versions installed: 2.1.1, 2.0.0\nModule Az.Synapse has 2 versions installed: 3.0.5, 3.0.3\nModule Az.TrafficManager has 2 versions installed: 1.2.2, 1.2.1\nModule Az.Websites has 2 versions installed: 3.1.2, 3.1.1\nModule Az.Accounts has 2 versions installed: 2.15.0, 2.13.1\nModule Az.Aks has 2 versions installed: 6.0.0, 5.5.1\nModule Az.ApplicationInsights has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.2\nModule Az.Automation has 2 versions installed: 1.10.0, 1.9.1\nModule Az.CloudService has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.0\nModule Az.CognitiveServices has 2 versions installed: 1.14.1, 1.14.0\nModule Az.Compute has 2 versions installed: 7.1.1, 6.3.0\nModule Az.ContainerInstance has 2 versions installed: 4.0.0, 3.2.2\nModule Az.ContainerRegistry has 2 versions installed: 4.1.3, 4.1.1\nModule Az.CosmosDB has 2 versions installed: 1.14.0, 1.12.0\nModule Az.Databricks has 2 versions installed: 1.7.1, 1.7.0\nModule Az.DataFactory has 2 versions installed: 1.18.0, 1.17.0\nModule Az.DataProtection has 2 versions installed: 2.2.0, 2.1.0\nModule Az.DesktopVirtualization has 2 versions installed: 4.3.0, 4.0.0\nModule Az.Dns has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.3\nModule Az.EventHub has 2 versions installed: 4.2.0, 4.1.0\nModule Az.Functions has 2 versions installed: 4.0.7, 4.0.6\nModule Az.HDInsight has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 6.0.1\nModule Az.KeyVault has 2 versions installed: 5.1.0, 4.12.0\nModule Az.Kusto has 2 versions installed: 2.3.0, 2.2.0\nModule Az.Maintenance has 2 versions installed: 1.4.1, 1.3.1\nModule Az.ManagedServiceIdentity has 2 versions installed: 1.2.0, 1.1.1\nModule Az.Monitor has 2 versions installed: 5.0.0, 4.6.0\nModule Az.Network has 2 versions installed: 7.3.0, 6.2.0\nModule Az.PolicyInsights has 2 versions installed: 1.6.4, 1.6.3\nModule Az.PowerBIEmbedded has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.2.1\nModule Az.RecoveryServices has 2 versions installed: 6.7.0, 6.6.0\nModule Az.RedisCache has 2 versions installed: 1.8.1, 1.8.0\nModule Az.Resources has 2 versions installed: 6.13.0, 6.11.1\nModule Az.Security has 2 versions installed: 1.5.1, 1.4.0\nModule Az.SecurityInsights has 2 versions installed: 3.1.1, 3.1.0\nModule Az.ServiceFabric has 2 versions installed: 3.3.2, 3.2.0\nModule Az.Sql has 2 versions installed: 4.13.0, 4.10.0\nModule Az.StackHCI has 2 versions installed: 2.2.3, 2.2.0\nModule Az.Storage has 2 versions installed: 6.1.0, 5.10.1\nModule Az.StorageMover has 2 versions installed: 1.3.0, 1.0.1\nModule Az.StorageSync has 2 versions installed: 2.1.1, 2.0.0\nModule Az.Synapse has 2 versions installed: 3.0.5, 3.0.3\nModule Az.Tools.Migration has 2 versions installed: 2.0.0, 1.1.3\nModule Az.TrafficManager has 2 versions installed: 1.2.2, 1.2.1\nModule Az.Websites has 2 versions installed: 3.1.2, 3.1.1
Note: after running this little script I managed to clean up all but one:
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yobyot, we have been doing and are still doing some product development work on this module and its features. We will refresh the preview based on those learnings.
\n
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What is the status of this? The Gallery says the latest version is now over seven months old.
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Has anyone else run into this? Is there repo for posting issues?
Update-AzModule -WhatIf\nMethod invocation failed because [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.PSRepositoryItemInfo] does not contain a method named\n'Where'.\nAt C:\\Program Files\\WindowsPowerShell\\Modules\\Az.Tools.Installer\\0.1.0\\internal\\Get-AzModuleUpdateList.ps1:50 char:17\n+ ... $installedModules = (PowerShellGet\\Get-InstalledModule -N ...\n+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (Where:String) [], RuntimeException\n + FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound
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Tomasz Olędzki Currently, you cannot use Az together with AzureRM. \"-RemoveAzureRm\" will remove all the modules of AzureRM installed in your PowerShell module path. If you have something that depends on them, please be careful. Which extension are you using dependent on AzureRM in Visual Studio?
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Microsoft
