I've used Remote Desktop on Mac regularly to connect to a domain-joined Win11 machine in my house. Just recently, it's stopped working. This happened on two macs, and it had the same suspicious start...
I'm experiencing the exact same thing. Did you ever figure this out? Domain joined Win 11... connecting from a Mac via MS Remote Desktop client. Also, I feel like after a restart, it connects just fine the first time around - the second time, it fails to connect with 0x10b with the exact symptoms you're describing...