Server 2022 - errors 0x8007000d, 0x800f0922 during updates and 0x800f0922 when uninstalling roles

Hello,

I'm experiencing persistent update issues on a Windows Server 2022 (21H2, build 20348.3207). The problem started immediately after installing the latest Servicing Stack Update (SSU build 20348.3320).

Since then, I'm consistently receiving these errors:
0x8007000d when performing Windows Update.
0x800f0922 during installation of cumulative updates.

I have already attempted extensive troubleshooting, including:
Resetting Windows Update components (SoftwareDistribution, catroot2 folders)
Running DISM /Online /Cleanup-image /RestoreHealth and sfc /scannow (both complete successfully without finding errors)
Attempting manual installation of updates
Clearing and verifying the component store
Checking registry entries and group policy settings
Verifying date/time settings
Attempting an in-place upgrade from ISO (which also fails)

None of the above steps have resolved the issue. Additionally, the installed SSU (build 20348.3320) cannot be removed manually.

Could someone please assist or provide guidance on further diagnostics or solutions?

Thank you very much in advance!