I need to find a string in a database without knowing table or field

I have a database that contains approximately 130 tables. It's tied to a proprietary application, and I have no way to find its structure except by reverse engineering.

But I only need to find the table that contains one particular field in the application's UI, so I thought I'd take a shortcut: use Windows Explorer to search the Microsoft SQL Server directory (and children) for a file that contains a string that I know is in the database. I did this, and got zero matches.

I checked how SQL Server stores CHAR and VARCHAR fields. I found that it stores them in UTF-8 encoding. OK, I thought, perhaps Windows Explorer can't find strings encoded in UTF-8. Or perhaps it's programmed to ignore files in the SQL Server folder, like it ignores files in Git repositories.

So I tried searching for the string with Notepad++'s Find in Files function. And again, found nothing.

What is going on here? Is there any way I can search the raw database files without using SQL Server itself? Alternatively, is there some way I can search an entire database for a string without knowing what column or table it is in?